Transcript EP 53: Space Arks and Colonizing New Worlds

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joe: [00:00:00] Hey, welcome back to the rabbit hole of Research down here in the basement studio as always. You have me, Joe, Got Nick Georgia, we’ve got Georgia. And we have a guest with us to talk about space arcs and colonizing new worlds. Roland, do you wanna introduce yourself?

Roland: Hey, thanks for having me. So. Roland Pitts author of Salvation Protocol and, just quick background. A former army officer and

now I’m working in cybersecurity.

Geo: Oh, wow.

joe: Very cool. Yeah.

Nick: man, this season is really military heavy, isn’t it?

joe: yeah. Yeah, that’s very,

Geo: that’s awesome.

joe: It is. No, very good. A lot of expertise and especially on this topic, I think

strategic, long-term planning, planning for everything.

There was, interesting documentary with the, by a life coach. And he was saying

how we spent time with rangers and that whole mentality of plan and plan for every

scenario. And [00:01:00] that way when you go into a scenario, you’re not as surprised

or caught off guard. And it was this life skill for anxiety that if you plan, if you over plan

and when you get in, then you’ll be quick on your feet to pivot to the next

Nick: oh, so that’s just living with anxiety

Geo: was gonna say, so this,

joe: how,

Nick: is

joe: That’s how you,

4Geo: I was gonna say this is like the pros of having anxiety and thinking of every

possible scenario.

Nick: I’m never surprised

joe: Constructively though constructively, not de constructively.

Nick: It could be both constructively, deconstructive, or

Geo: you could just have a copy of your your what is it?

Country wisdom? Yes. Your country wisdom.

joe: country, you gotta have country wisdom. You should have both. You know,

keep that there.

Nick: you should have anxiety and country wisdom. Got it.

joe: anxiety, that you help

Geo: and then you could think of all the ways you might not be able to get to your

country wisdom book. Oh, no.

joe: And for those, I don’t know, country wisdom, it’s a survivalist Bible in some

ways. And so it has all these kind of , just wisdoms about how to build a, how to do an-

imal husband tree or how to start a farm or how to, , till [00:02:00] grounds or things

like animal what?

Husbandry

Nick: Oh I,

Geo: I, you don’t know that term.

Nick: Are you trying to, wed some animals over there. Like,

joe: Yeah. That’s

Nick: as an animal husband.

joe: Yes.

Geo: That’ll be a different es episode. Okay. All

5joe: let’s get on this. I have my, as always, I have a little grounding monologue that

I’ve put together and of course I have lists.

Geo: Please enlighten us.

joe: Yep. So we crossed ice bridges into unknown continents. We built boats be-

fore we understood the ocean. We looked up at the moon and decided it wasn’t be-

yond reach, but every migration before now had one thing in common, somewhere to

return to a space arc is different.

It’s a bottle cast into the vacuum of space with an unknown home. Carrying every-

thing we are and hope for what we might become. It’s a womb hurling through the

dark, gestating either our salvation or our extinction. The engineering alone is stag-

gering. Cryosleep chambers closed, ecosystems running for [00:03:00] generations,

propulsion into the unknown.

Genetic diversity by design and threats we can’t yet imagine. But the real chal-

lenge isn’t biology or physics. It could just be us. Can humanity survive the journey

through the stars to a new home, or do we become something else entirely by the

time we arrive?

Geo: So

joe: that’s,

Nick: Wow.

Geo: Nice.

Roland: good.

joe: well, thank you.

Nick: Do you have a list as well? I do. Or is Roland gonna take the list

joe: I have, I’m gonna introduce the list. I’m gonna give a list, and then I’m gonna

have Roland who

Geo: There’s lots of lists

6joe: his book Salvation Protocol and we can talk a little bit about that. Essentially

it’s Earth is been told by aliens.

Roland, you want to give the synopsis of your own book?

Geo: I don’t wanna man playing your book

joe: here, like I don’t wanna host splain in your book. So you’re right here.

Nick: Yeah.

Roland: yeah. No, no problem. So keep it short. It’s a sci-fi thriller and it’s when

these five guy like aliens, they come to earth and they tell us that there’s hostile

[00:04:00] forces coming. So they secretly choose one human being or protagonist,

Eli Evans, to select 1000 people and 1000 items to go and restart civilization on a new

world.

And so the novel explores really like morality, survival and the cost of, you know,

being chosen. And at the same time, the world leaders, the government leaders, are

trying to figure out who this person is, this guy who’s going around selecting folks be-

cause identity is hidden. And so he has one year to do this before the arc departs and

they arrive on a new planet Marx.

Geo: Wow.

joe: Very good. Yeah. So, and Roland and I, we met at Dragoncon. So it was at

Dragoncon last

Geo: summer, which tell us what Dragon Con is.

joe: Dragoncon is? Dragoncon is a large sci-fi fantasy convention in the heart of

Atlanta downtown.

It’s five days [00:05:00] of just nonstop

Geo: party

joe: excitement, nerdo, all the above. And Roland, he came up I was, did a panel

and then Roland introduced himself in his book. And then he had listened to the pod-

7cast, I presumed, and he said, oh, I think you’d really be interested in the lists in the

back of the book.

And so I’m like, yeah, I love lists.

Geo: You spoke, that’s like Joe’s love language.

And

joe: And when I got back we were like, how was the trip? Georgia and Nick,

they’re like, oh, how was it? We gotta talk about on the episode or something. I’m like,

yeah, and then I met this guy and he has this list in the back of the book.

He got, look, here’s the list. And so I’m like, , got the lists all thumbnailed and but

yeah. So, and the list was all about what you would need, the cargo manifesto of the

item selected to actually, make this journey and restart humanity. And I came up with

10, looking at your list, thinking of some things, 10 things that you could summarize

this list and the things that are in there.

So I, I’ll give this list of 10 things, or you can add, subtract. Tell me I’m wrong about

my list or what, , something I missed.

Nick: You can actually boo as

joe: You can boom. Me?

Nick: [00:06:00] fun.

joe: So I just had, , foundational biological assets. So,

genetic diversity plan, human microbial, plant animal seed banks, that type of

thing.

Pathogen detection ecosystems and life support architecture. Closed loop sys-

tems, water, air waste, backup life support , AI control, environment regulation, soil

substrates, propulsion, navigating vessel integrity. You got a long duration solution.,

autonomous course correction, haul materials for microm, meteoroid and radiation

shielding. I’ve got the colony infrastructure blueprint. Now, what the habitat module’s

8gonna look like. Manufacturing 3D printers, feedstock emergency grid for the colony,

terraforming or geoengineering kits and things like that to make the new world. Hu-

man friendly. Governance culture, social stability.

Charter, a constitutional framework, conflict mediation, justice law education sys-

tems for multi-generational crews. Recreation, knowledge, data systems, redundant

knowledge [00:07:00] archives, adaptive AI for maintenance communication systems

with Earth or other space arcs that are there. I’ve got medical genetic safeguards.

, you gotta have a full spectrum medical facility. Genetic health monitoring, cryos

stasis capabilities, pandemic containment. Security risk radiation protection, fire hall

breach plans, mutiny insurrection prevention supply redundancy, scientific explo-

ration, toolkits once you get there to understand your environment.

Geological, atmospheric, biological toolkits, robot scouts, environmental model-

ing. And then I got ethics, the rights of future generations. Cultural drift management,

what counts as success and protocols for encountering alien life. So those are my, if I

was tasked, I got called up

Geo: pretty extensive.

Nick: I feel like you just need the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy and you’ll be

good.

joe: just a towel and don’t worry, right?

Geo: Well, yeah. And

Nick: yeah, you is the towel in there? Like, did you I

joe: don’t,

Nick: I think

Geo: I think [00:08:00] my list would just be, okay. What books and what movies,

you know, and a DVD player. I see

Nick: wifi up there? Is it good?

9Geo: But I also, I’m a little concerned you’re taking AI with you.

I wanna get away from AI

joe: ai. Yeah. I think, I mean, for all the issues with AI and that people have, espe-

cially on the creative side, but I think as a tool it would, you could use AI in a lot of

ways ’cause probably people would be sleep.

So that cryos stasis for some length of the journey. And there has to be some enti-

ty, MU/TH/UR, Axiom, , if we think of movies alien as

Nick: I don’t know if I trust MU/TH/UR

Geo: Yeah. Right. So, So Roland, how did you feel about this list? Is that pretty sim-

ilar to your list or,

Roland: Yeah. So the list is pretty good. And would say that when I was thinking of

the planet, probably the first thing is, okay, is this place gonna be sustainable human

life? And what we find out very early on. That this planet, it truly [00:09:00] is. In fact

the gravity is lighter. The oxygen intake inside the planet is a little bit higher.

So, and the water there is all potable. So the, when we get there, we don’t have to

worry about the base necessities of living. In fact, there’s even ecosystem where the

dominant predators for the game only stay, I’d say the top of the food chain for no

more than two decades. So this information is provided to the humans.

And so at this point, it’s okay, we can live there. How, what do we take to start? So

it’s going back. and I really tried to figure out how can we take the comforts of our life

but not be so technologically advanced. So if we have a power grid, we don’t have

electricity. All right, , do we need electricity?

To survive maybe not. So I would say it was really good. So first thing I did was

how do we survive year one? And a lot of research into [00:10:00] this. And without

going too deep into it, what I researched was how long with humans living, up until a

10hundred years ago in 200 and 300. And what I found was it’s really those microbacte-

ria that was killing us as a civilization.

So like the invention, penicillin things like that, sanitation. So if we were able to

solve those problems, okay, now we’re living, that’s fine. All right. What about sustain-

ing? So I think you mentioned like the seed vault, that it was great. It’s right on par with

what I had. And then just very basic things.

We need carpenters, we need brick and mortars. We need some type of

Nick: individual’s seed isn’t an account as an item that you’re bringing? Correct.

Roland: Yeah it’s not so

Nick: I’d be like, oh man, pound

joe: of wheat or a pound of wheat seeds.

Nick: That’s not, there’s two, I thought you were like a pound of wheat that’s all

good. Right. Then I

joe: But I was

Geo: Yeah. So, so there’s the things that you take and [00:11:00] then this person

is tasked with figuring out the minds, the people that you take, right?

joe: Well, I mean I think that’s, go ahead. Yeah, I was gonna say, that’s where I

think the AI and knowledge holding.

I don’t know how many of each I expert class you’re bringing with I think a thou-

sand people you said. So you’re gonna be tight. So if you lose the domain knowledge

expert, you will need something I

Geo: can, yeah. But then you can’t trust the AI. They’re gonna just make up shit.

joe: Hopefully you’ve, you can. , potentially you can cross reference things with, ,

other knowledge base, but on a fly trying to do an appendectomy. I talk about this in

the context of the stand Stephen King’s , novel about an apocalyptic event, which

wipes out 98% of humanity.

11So everything is here to use, but domain knowledge has now become the com-

modity. And so in that story, there was no AI, there was no informational gathering.

There wasn’t even Google. This was set in the late eighties. So you have this situation

[00:12:00] where you’re thrown back and now you have people, there’s all the tech-

nology there every, all the infrastructure, but very few who know how to use the pieces

of that infrastructure.

And so something like having an advanced computer system, maybe not as far as

ai a generative AI system, but one that can curate through information and give you.

resources and texts that would, I think really you would need that at some level. I

would advocate, you would, you should have that, , on there to go with you.

So I don’t know if you’ve, if you thought about that or is that

Roland: Yeah I think you both are spot on. So each of the humans selected, they

have this AI inside them. It’s called a bipa and essentially a stink and talk to them. And

so there is some sort of artificial intelligence that regulates their body, might tell ’em a

little bit about the environment, but we will need people with those hard skills.

And you know, to your point I something as simple as a cavity. If you have a cavity

and you just not get [00:13:00] treated. That used to kill us hundreds of years ago. But

part the people that we take is we have to have a dentist, someone with those fine

motor skills that knows what they’re looking at, how to remove it.

And when you break up a thousand people medical was about a quarter of all

those folks. Because you need someone like that. And then not only do you need it for

that time, how do we maintain that, that skillset? So there has to be some training pro-

gram in there, whether it’s written down or a practice dummy or something like that.

And so I think you’re both accurate in those assessments.

joe: Yeah. And some of the new training I was at my alma mater, Penn State

Behrend and they had a, their nursing program. They had the virtual medical tables

12for training, you input in different scenarios of the body and then you can go through

and pull it apart, the musculature, the skeletal, re you can have different scenarios, dif-

ferent , medical [00:14:00] conditions.

And so you get that training there in once again using your technology.

Geo: I still wanna play, I still wanna play the devil’s advocate against this high tech

thing because the movie that keeps coming to mind is Wall-E

joe: yes. Mm-hmm.

Geo: And think about it in Wally, they kind of let the technology and the computer

take over and then they just became these fat slobs that couldn’t even walk anymore.

’cause then they just,

Nick: but they were

joe: They were alive.

Geo: They were alive.

Nick: kill them,

Geo: but like what sliver of humanity was left? They didn’t even use their own

brains hardly.

You know, I don’t know. I just feel like I might be reliant just too much on

joe: I mean, you always have, I mean, I brought up Mu/TH/UR and Alien, right?

It’s mission was to get a weapon, right? It, that was, its, that was, its overly, it was

like keep the humans. Okay, but at this other level, the prime directives are what’s set,

and that seems [00:15:00] like the aliens who have come, they’re setting the prime di-

rective at some level.

And then they’ve entrusted us with someone to lead this mission to actually curate

all of these things. And the AI

Geo: and they picked a human to figure it out.

joe: Right? So, but ai, I mean, you’re gonna need yeah.

13Geo: Yeah.

Roland: it’s the AI in, in this novel is semiotic with the human. So it’s not its own

entity. It has to, if the human dies and it dies, so it’s, it, you know, they’re, they want to

live. And so it’s what the human and yeah, they choose a human to kind of do this and

lead this. More so because of that reason, you know?

Nick: I do feel like there’s rather hard sell on getting someone to join the. Ship the

arc because you know, like people have families and stuff and being like, yeah, you

can come, but you, your family they gotta stay, man I got a thousand people and

you’re one. Like, is that something that you end [00:16:00] up having to deal with the

whole picking and choosing?

Roland: Yes. So that was something I, I definitely wrote about. And for some peo-

ple it was a choice of, well, this alien race is coming and you guys are gonna face im-

mediate death or enslavement by this species. So what our main character does, and I

drew this a lot from my military experience, was our main character, didn’t know every-

thing.

He doesn’t know.

joe: Mm-hmm. Doesn’t know

Roland: stem, doesn’t know philosophy. So he finds people who are the experts

and because they’re the experts, that Expert has their crew of people who they know

would say yes. So what Eli does is kind of push out of his hands and gives it to those

individual experts, and he leans on them to try to find those who one will be willing to

do this, and then two, you know, are okay with bringing their family or not family.

So, it’s, it could be a hard sell, but there are [00:17:00] some people out there like

our one guy named Hero, a medical person who it’s, so, his ambition is so high to, to

try and just be that person that he is willing to leave his family. And it’s a hard ask, but I

guess the name is Science for Him.

14joe: Yeah. And I mean, is that if you have those people who are just , let’s do it,

let’s go, , and ignoring your family, are they even, are they mentally correct for the mis-

sion or how was that balance, right?

Because you got people, , like you were saying, his Hero character sounds like one

that’s just , I’m gonna go and I’m abandon everything else. But now when will I cross

the line later? , who will they abandon, to get some other thing on this planet? Maybe

there’s some cool thing they want to go explore, but maybe they shouldn’t.

You know what I mean? The temperament of the individual. It seems like it might

be at conflict between I’m ready to risk everything versus, , I let me chew on it for,

however long, , till the day before I got a board. Right. I think that’s,

Roland: yeah, it’s I added another layer of complexity to [00:18:00] it, and the ad-

ditional layer I said was okay.

Geo: okay,

Roland: If you find somebody who wants to go and you ask them and they say,

no, well, well, because that person may go off and tell their friend, Hey, Roland just

asked me. Come ark. It puts the entire mission at Jeopardy.

And so the directive then is if you say no, then you have to be killed because we

can’t risk it. And the way they’re killed is that,

Geo: That really makes a difference.

Roland: Yeah.

joe: Wow. So yeah,

Roland: very strategic of who you ask.

joe: now it feels like you would have some reluctant yeses

Nick: and more like Yeah, the morale is just shot for a lack of better words. It’s just,

yeah,

15Roland: it is. And I think about the astronauts, right? So when an astronaut goes to

space, they know that they’re leaving and the chance that they won’t come back. And

[00:19:00] it’s. The final frontier is this exploration and that ambition might overweigh

some of the familiars highs they have. That’s just some way I thought about it,

joe: But , the astronauts, even though there’s a probability that’s higher of for

them to meet a catastrophic end, there’s also a high probability that they’ll come back

and see their loved ones and their family.

Going off on an arc mission is different. It’s like the, if , you think about colonizing

Mars, the people that go there first, they’re probably gonna leave behind a lot of their

family, and they might not return. It might be a one-way ticket. They go there, you’re

gonna have to set everything up.

You’re gonna be there for a decade.

Nick: don’t think it’s a might. I don’t, I think it’s a You’re not coming back. You’re

there.

joe: Yeah. Well, at some point they might. , be able to do a return flight. Right. So

that’s what I’m saying, but I’m saying maybe a decade, you know, maybe two. So you’ll

be older.

You go there when you’re 20. Maybe you can come back to earth when you’re 40,

but now your physiology is so Yeah.

Nick: And peoples are dead.

joe: I agree. Nick [00:20:00] is

Geo: probably,

joe: right, that it’s a one-way ticket. You

Nick: go and,

joe: and, but those people that go, I mean, it’s a

16Geo: And then you have to think about someone that’s really driven, like maybe

science or whatever they’re really driven by. They might totally ignore their family for

10 years. So,

joe: you know,

Geo: it’s, you know what I mean? It could be a very similar to just leaving, you

know, I

Nick: I didn’t like them anyways.

I’m just gonna dip out now. Thank you. You

joe: I the other thing I had thought about and because I am a biologist is the num-

ber. Of people, it would really, that you had a chance to make this all work.

And a thousand I feel is like right on the line like that. Is that a, that was a choice, I

take it? Or did you Right, because that’s right. And you gotta, think you gotta do a

bunch of stuff too. Like you gotta a, everyone has to make it. But then I think just the

genetic, the, you know, kind of doing some genetic tooling with crispr, things like that

to actually make sure that the genetic population doesn’t begin to inbreed.

So part of the problem, the [00:21:00] population starts to inbreed generationally.

You then have alleles that can amplify recessive traits, which will lead to, , bad out-

comes. We can think of the royal family in England and hemophilia. And so because

there was a high level of inbreeding, they became very suscept susceptible to having,

hemophilia and bleeding out.

And so that, that was, that’s , a very. Famous case, but here when you have a small

population, the same thing. So was there genetic screening pre or post,

Roland: That was actually, this was probably the hardest part of the book was talk-

ing to experts. So I have friends here biologist as well, and I asked them, I was like,

Hey, look, if this was gonna happen, what is the minimum number of people? And she

was like, it has to be at least a thousand different people with different backgrounds

17because if not, you know, one, don’t know, the flu, whatever it is, might wipe out the

entire population.

So they go there. And what happens in the [00:22:00] cryo pods is a little bit of a, I

know your favorite word, hand wave, dium, some some hand wave. The happens to

where any type of negative recessive traits, whatever they have, any type of defects

that human has. In the cryo, it gets taken out.

So now they arrive on the planet full of health, you know, very healthy.

Nick: Does it matter their age? So like, say Joe is 70 years old right now, are we

gonna take him or are we gonna take the next best person?

joe: Yeah.

Roland: so that, that goes back to the conduit. And I would say that person who

chooses his followers

Geo: Yeah.

Nick: But then you still kill him, right? Like it

joe: well

Geo: but you also want somebody that has experience and knowledge, and that’s

probably somebody that may be older,

joe: but you also

Nick: then like once they get there, like having them procreate, right? That’s one

less person that can do it Well and if he can,

joe: Nick, I was gonna say, you probably have, you could have it where it’s a dou-

ble strike if it’s a 70-year-old [00:23:00] woman, because a 70-year-old woman defi-

nitely cannot procreate.

A 70-year-old man can actually still procreate. And we got a bunch of famous ac-

tors who have

Geo: but should he, but should they,

18joe: you know, they have kids. So you’re, you actually now have a different situa-

tion because women who are over. You know, have gone through menopause. They

are now become a liability at some level.

Right. Even though they’re very experienced not to, you know, to throw

Geo: geez

Nick: Georgia

joe: generating.

Geo: no

joe: I we’re gonna

Nick: she’s about to throw something at you, Joe.

joe: that’s a good thing. We don’t have a video now. This is, no, I’m just saying that

it becomes a double, almost a double strike there because I’m sure that the expertise

and especially diversity you need could lie in, in these women who have that experi-

ence and that domain knowledge and part of some team.

I’m picking my team of people. I’m, now at a point in my career where everyone

else in my window are about my age and I trust and would take on a mission like this

so that is something and that you could become problematic.

Roland: It’s definitely a challenge, right? To try to figure out [00:24:00] who and

what to take. And I think that’s what makes it interesting is how these conduits choose

their followers and they all have their different ways of doing it. But the age thing is

definitely consideration. And so I focused on, okay, how do we survive that first year?

If we can’t make it past year one, then we’re done here. So. I think Eli, when he was

talking to his conduit was just like, year one. Get past that. We can figure out the rest

of it. You know, and to George’s point, like, you gotta have some experience. We need

someone who can look at someone and say, Hey, I think this flower that we’re step-

ping on is causing problems because of my year, decades of experience.

19It can’t be much of 20 year olds. Which why the main character is 35. So, you

know, he’s, everyone is older, at

Nick: closer to my age?

Roland: Yeah. They’re old enough to handle the responsibility and mature

enough to know that this is probably the right or wrong [00:25:00] decision to make.

Nick: And you need someone to go ahead and lick the plant to make sure that it’s

not

joe: do not lick the plants, do

Nick: not.

joe: Well, I think another hand wavy on mean, especially where we’re at now,

would be to take embryos and, , just have this kind of model then. So maybe that’s the

way, so I’m trying to fix the problem that maybe we’ve created is to take out age a little

bit and you can have embryos there, or, I mean, even more hand avium is artificial

wombs where now you have , gestation pods

Geo: So you are separating, you’re separating the people you need to create this

society or whatever, away from the procreation.

joe: Yep. Exactly.

Geo: Yeah

joe: yep. And diversity. Right? Because now you can have a much more diverse

class of embryo class. Right. So this is the next question of one seed doesn’t count.

How many embryos can we take?

Can we pack up in there? And

Geo: and how many big mats.

joe: how many big Macs

Nick: see you? Actually, you have to have a chef on board too.

joe: You gotta get

20Nick: because if you don’t have a, like I, I know a lot of people [00:26:00] will

downgrade the chefs, but you know, chefs, you need to take a chef or else Yeah.

You’re gonna be eating nothing. Good. So

joe: that, you said medical was 250, you said a quarter.

So that was like 250 folks are in the medical side. And then you, does that include

scientists, gen, you know, geneticists, like, is that in the medical or is now we fill out

and then where does,

Geo: so you are just asking about scientists, basically.

I

joe: am. Yeah. How many scientists are you taking on your arc?

’cause I need to know where I’m at, like, you know. No, and I mean, but I mean, I

was going, I was kind of moving through your numbers there because I want to touch

on the cultural stuff. How many artists, how many librarians, how many, right? So is that

a quarter also, or are you like, did you really, you got

Nick: those, got downgraded. We got

Geo: we only need a couple poets. Come on.

joe: So like, how many chefs

Nick: you better be a multitasker?

joe: yeah. Yeah. So I it’s a. Because , you’re gonna, like most of us, we will top

heavy and the sciences the hard sciences. But you know what happens with the kind

of cultural historians who teaches [00:27:00] history, and things like that and the diver-

sity of history.

Roland: Yeah. So, you know, I think we’re talking about the quote unquote soft sci-

ences. If we say our artists, right? Which I took 50 and I said between these 50, I think

that should be enough. And then another 50 was our philosophers and lawmakers. So

21social sciences, and I only kept with that number because the largest part of folks we

need is gonna be what I call practical knowledge.

So these are our construction workers, our plumbers, our builders low overall blue

collar. It includes,

Geo: Right, right.

Roland: yeah, farmers, hunters. So, so these people are outdoorsmen, so to

speak. So they can take, you know, fish and they know how to hunt and that’s what’s

gonna feed us really. And then the second largest was our science.

It was the medical, but then I also put STEM in there because the very broad engi-

neers,

joe: Yeah.

Geo: right. Yeah, [00:28:00] definitely. Mm-hmm. Well.

Roland: to be able to, yeah. So those were the two biggest ones, was the practical

knowledge.

joe: it was interesting because I think I think of world, world War ZI was think of

Geo: the exact same thing. Like

joe: after that you need it.

Geo: The people that mattered were the people that had these

joe: That had the practical skills

Geo: and the trades and the celebrities were just like, oh we don’t need you any-

more. You know,

joe: You got downgraded. Right. Because I can imagine probably not many a-list

stars will be on the arc.

You know, that’re probably. Right, right,

Nick: Whoa. Isn’t Gordon Ramsey an a-list star? Like

Geo: yeah, but he’s a chef.

22Nick: chef.

Yeah,

joe: he’s a chef. Right,

Nick: Right.

Geo: you’re an Alist star because of something like that, I

joe: think you would get the chef, like the, what’s the lady who works at the barn?

She’s like a works on a farm.

Nick: Are you talking about a butcher? Yeah.

joe: No. She has a cooking show and she works

Geo: Oh, the Pioneer woman.

joe: woman. Right. So you grab the pioneer woman. Now you gotta, you got

someone with the dual skillset, right? So,

Geo: yeah, I don’t know.

Nick: dual wielding those skills,

joe: [00:29:00] cook, they can put you in a the hogs, you know, and move along.

Nick: I mean, most chefs I think if you’re high rank enough, you know how to do

that.

Like, pretty sure if you get Gordon to go do it, you know, I like

Geo: I like

Nick: We’ll ask him next time he is on the show. You know,

joe: old is Gordon Ramsey? He might not make the age threshold.

Nick: he’s like,

Geo: we’re

Nick: not, but

Geo: not, but we’re not worried about that. Remember? And you, I mean,

23joe: one, one interesting thing, if we’re gonna just whole handwavium on the

whole thing, I mean, in the cryo pod, then you could have where you do telomere re-

generation, things like that.

So someone who are, you know, older. That’s why I brought the male female thing.

’cause a older man, maybe you can genetically. Force ’em back

Geo: But don’t they say that they used to say that a lot of the genetic disorders

and things from having children older, they always put that blame on women, but then

they figured out that a lot of it comes from the men.

joe: both. Right? Because I think it was women, because, one of the things that’s

interesting and fascinating is that when a woman is born, they technically have all of

their [00:30:00] eggs there. And so as their life goes on, any stressors, effects their

eggs created at birth, whereas men, it regenerates. Every cycle you get a new batch of

sperm made from a group of stem cells that do that. And so that was the thought was

that, well, it must be women because they have these eggs for so long and men, they

get a new

Geo: Well, women always get blamed.

Yeah.

joe: But the thing they find out is that men as they age, their genetic, you know,

kind of have genetic issues also and your age, the same thing can affect the cells that

make the sperm. And so if you introduce a genetic defect there and then now you

have this kind of propagated and so you can start getting these other kind of deficien-

cies and defects as men age and,

Nick: they get all skunked out and everything and

joe: Yeah, you know, the bits are, the bits get old, you know, so, no, that’s, yeah.

Reproductive biology is not my area, but it is fascinating.

24Geo: It is. So Rollin, how did you come up with this idea or this [00:31:00] inspira-

tion for your book?

joe: Yeah

Roland: so I had like a similar idea, I would say for many years. And it was, it start-

ed off with if one of there is there life out there, and if life came and it told us that, you

know, how will we react to it? And it wasn’t so, so much more so like, oh, this is really

cool, it’s no what, how would we actually react to this?

How would it, how would the world really see it? And from there it just kind of

starts spiraling. And I said, okay, well if we had to leave. The planet. So back in my mili-

tary days, if we had to go out to the field for 30 days you would think about the stuff

you would take ’cause you’re not coming back.

And so it just morphed from that to just a larger scale. And I said, okay, well what’s

a bare minimum my need? Or if I had to stay out here forever, how would I actually do

it? And it just kind of started to unravel more and more. So that’s [00:32:00] really how

the idea came out. And I talked to my brother about it and I wrote my first sentence

and then I just kept writing,

joe: Mm-hmm.

Geo: Nice.

Nick: it all.

joe: say it, it re reminded me a little bit of when Worlds collide. So the 1951 classic

movie. And so there’s , earth is going to be destroyed. And so there’s, , as aliens, they

figure out these scientists, they select folks to go onto an arc and intercellular arc and

do that.

So, very interesting. And it in this whole look, , the one thing. What was interesting

is that the earliest quote unquote arc stories were flood myths and flood base, , in the

Mesopotamian flood myths, the 18th, 17th century, b, CE, some of the earliest stories

25talking about, and I thought it was interesting because at that point in time the explo-

ration of the world, , the known world was very small compared to, , the whole earth.

Now we have, [00:33:00] and so setting voyage on in a flood or in the ocean. With

everything you have is probably the same equivalency to us now, boarding a intercel-

lular star ship and trying to go somewhere else , into that unknown

Nick: scurvy and stuff, right? Like something can, yes, you could come up

joe: That’s right. Right.

Nick: Can you get scurvy on this ship?

Or is that the pod that takes care of that?

Roland: I think the politics here. That one for you?

Nick: Damn, I was really looking forward to getting

joe: it’s scurvy is a,

Geo: you just take lots of oranges.

joe: C. Yeah. Vitamin C deficiency is scurvy. So as it rickets is vitamin D, so cave

miners, we get rickets.

Nick: Scurvy and Ricketts scurvy.

joe: and ricks to get on both.

Geo: Ooh, fun. But yeah

joe: the, these flood. The flood and of course Noah’s ark , probably the most fa-

mous of the flood kind of narratives, but, , that’s where we started. And you get that

same idea. What do you load on there? What do you take, what do you save?

What part of humanity do you save

Geo: I think it’s just a really good thought process to go over that for yourself. You

know what I mean? Like

joe: Right.

Geo: whole deserted, the whole [00:34:00] like deserted island question.

26Like if you’re on a deserted island, what 10 things would, you know? I just think it’s

a good way to think about what we, what

joe: song would you want that you’ll play over and over?

No,

Nick: This is a song that never, and

Geo: Get one

joe: you know, to take with you.

Nick: I feel like the, there’s so much like mind juggling for choosing people that I,

it’s so hard to wrap my head around being like, oh, yeah, it, for me, choosing people,

it’d be a lot more difficult, but like having to look through it as.

An actual, like, we’re restarting humanity here. We have to do this. It’s like, yeah. I,

it’s just the mind loops jumping through there absolutely baffles me, man. I love it.

Geo: Yeah.

Roland: Yeah, he and what makes it interesting too is that, you know, our main

characters. It’s just this guy. So he gets some guidance from the [00:35:00] sentinels of

who he should try to recruit, you know, like this world class this world class artist. But

how does he get there? How does he

Geo: Mm-hmm.

Roland: how does, you know, these are things he has to try to figure out.

And so he’ll, you know, try to figure out some surveillance, seeing like what they

like, try to get them one-on-one and just kind of watching. So from day one, when he

is told this happens over the course of a year, and as this time comes closer where the

world knows that these people are being selected, you start to see that some people

volunteer and he’s trying to make contact with these people, but keep his identity hid-

den.

27And that puts in another layer of essentially like espionage you wanna say as well

as, you know, how do I. Get to their why as to why they wanna do this. And then avoid-

ing assassins. So it’s as much of a, you know, [00:36:00] just desert island, 10 items as

well as an experiment as to understanding the human psyche and just dealing with

just that immense stress that you’re potentially condemning all these other people

who don’t go to death but it’s for the greater good.

And so he goes through a lot of emotional turmoil. So was it was fun

Nick: Is there anything that they do to avoid having a class system on the arc or

once they get there

Roland: Yeah. So that was part of the reason why we chose the philosophers and

the social science and I named them as like our, social science. And so those 50 peo-

ple that’s what they’re due to, to try and maintain that ethical morality that we’ve es-

tablished. You know, if we go out to a new planet, how do we not create, you know,

this a class system?

I’ll be very challenging for a former neurosurgeon to look at, [00:37:00] I dunno, a

painter or a construction worker and not feel like he’s better, you know, than he is or

whatever. So that’s more of like the

joe: Second

Geo: second

Roland: novel. I don’t really go into that too much, this one. So.

joe: No, it’s interesting. I mean, I think right the class is not only who’s better, be-

cause I think once you get into the arc and you’re harling through space and you

come to this new planet, you might reset your importance, right? ’cause the neural,

you know,

Geo: like we were talking about, people that have these practical skills then be-

come more revered, you know?

28joe: But I was gonna say like even you have these 50 philosophers there, right?

We all hold our own philosophical beliefs. And , is there some rule that you must, ,

seed to. X and y you know, people because they were selected to do this type of

thing, or is it No, I think, right.

Geo: Well, I think you all have free will and like, right, you know, you all have your

own thoughts

joe: you fracturing your thousand, which then means that now you’re [00:38:00]

even

Geo: I think no matter

joe: right. You,

Geo: I don’t think, I think no matter how. Much you try to make it so there’s not

classes and there’s not that, I think it’s just human nature.

It’ll, people will,

joe: well, I mean,

Geo: will make classes and Well,

joe: it’s you don’t really have a scarcity economy. Well, yes or no, but when you go

to this new planet, you’re not really bound. Like your resources are shared. And it

sounds like the planet’s been set up, which is a very smart, you get away from ter-

raforming and things like that, but the planet’s already set up to accommodate human

life.

So you have this pristine environment. I imagine that the waters will be. Seated

with fish or things like that so that you would have this, so scarcity. So initially year one,

you won’t have a scarcity based kind of economic system. So classes really wouldn’t

interfere with that. I think it would be year 10 20, that now you’re rolling, that now you

know the grease to wheels, the friction of [00:39:00] society.

29You need to have some exchange of trade, exchange of materials or ideas. And

that might be where you start to get more of this might get more of these issues then

that you would need this kind of philosophical or historical basis. Like here’s what’s

happened, here’s what happened on earth when we tried this.

Right. Because I think it would be a lot of that, like, here’s what happened, almost.

It would fall into myth and lore. Like here’s what happened in mid 19th century and it

didn’t work out so well, so we shouldn’t try it. You know?

Roland: Yeah. Something else that I considered is, you know, maintaining law and

order. So when you have these people on that planet I’m assuming everyone’s gonna

be a good human being, but if they’re not, if someone does something wrong, well,

each one of those thousand people were hand selected. So we can’t just kick ’em out

of society because there’s only so many of us in every job, every life is very important.

So, so how do we handle that? Right? And that’s like book two stuff. But I would

say that I [00:40:00] reviewed like Scarlet Letter

Geo: mm-hmm.

Roland: I thought it was very interesting how society dealt with someone who did

something wrong. They didn’t kick her out, right? But there is a way to impose some

type of justice system and we’ll kind of figure that out when that book comes out.

But what you guys are talking about, it’s exactly the point when the resources

aren’t scarce, how do we fall back toward our normal raise? And that normal way

could be simply. Hey, I am a fisherman and I’m working every single day, and you’re a

dentist and you just sit in the shade, but yet you eat just like I eat.

You’re not doing anything. So those conflicts could arise.

joe: but I think that the dentist would be working, doing something in the field,

right? And then it’ll be like, oh, hey, you need to stop raising the barn and go over

30and, , do an extraction. I, so I think there would be some, I. Especially those early years,

I think everyone, it’d be all hands on deck.[00:41:00]

I just don’t see anyone chilling or the conflict will, year one will derail real fast. If

people did go, they reverted back to you. And you know what, Hey, I don’t do that

kind of thing. And,

Nick: oh, see, my hands are what I used to work with things.

That’s right. If I injure these ow how am I supposed to take that tooth outta your

face? That’s, it Might be a different tooth. Sorry.

joe: This gets to George’s point, maybe her issue there is that while you’re in

these cryo chambers, will there be any.

Personality modifications or things like that could happen. So the AI directive is,

well, we realize Nick’s a loose cannon. We love him, we love his knowledge, we need

him, but eh, he’s got some tendencies. Can we start to edit out? Right? I mean, if we’re

just playing this out kind of GATTACA style that we’re going to now to modify humans,

you know, or brave New World, that was the idea there.

They’re gonna recreate, just on earth with using genetics and classing. So is that a

thought or they’re safeguards or?

Geo: well, you need to read the book, Joe.

Roland: There’s a little safeguards in there.

Geo: I’m just teasing.[00:42:00]

joe: Louise.

Geo: I don’t want, I don’t want any

joe: spoil it, but Yeah, no, we can at a high level.

Like, you know what, you know, is that,

Geo: I’m just teasing.

31Roland: So, as I, each of the followers, or I guess each of the selected persons,

they get a bipa, right? There’s that little AI thing that connects our nervous system and

the moment they ingest it, so it’s like a little rice, they eat it that AI scans that person

and it does an assessment of them. And if that BPA realizes that this person would be,

you know, conducive to the environ, or I guess would be a bad pick to the environ-

ment, maybe has some character issues or anything like that, then this set to just kill

that human immediately.

Or if they believe that they’re going to tell that they have this machine inside them

or tell others. So that bpa it does its assessment and although it’s symbiotic, its prime

directive is. Get humans to the [00:43:00] planet and make sure the humans survive.

So there’s that kind of fail safe there of us selecting the wrong person.

joe: Interesting.

Geo: It’s really more black and white

joe: report style here. So,

Wow. Okay.

Nick: So you are planning on a second book already? Yeah. Is that what I’ve gath-

ered? Okay.

joe: Yes.

Roland: So

Nick: I

Roland: one is that’s, that one’s a little bit, a little more challenging, so no spoilers

away, but we, it will really dive into people and how we form little groups and yeah,

things like that how cults get formed and how Eli manages all that. So very work in

progress,

Nick: almost

joe: like the the game shows.

32Squid games game show or Mr. Beast had his show where you have a hundred

people, a pot of money, and then they have to form a little, , teams and they’re coop-

erate.

Nick: It’s high school. You’re getting your, yeah.

Geo: Yeah. It might even be kindergarten.

joe: Yeah. I mean, the stakes here is a little higher.

It’s like, you know, there as a pile of [00:44:00] cash, but here it’s like you

Nick: high school. You have to make it through it, you know? It’s a whole thing.

Geo: There’s a lot of navigating.

Nick: So one, one other question I had is, are there any other intelligent life forms

on the new planet?

Mm-hmm.

joe: Mm-hmm.

Nick: And

Roland: I don’t wanna answer that.

Nick: okay. Okay. Okay. So since this without answering, or you can if you don’t

want, if you want to, but do we end up finding out like that the aliens that brought

them to this planet eradicated the original life forms? You can say pass. You don’t have

Yeah,

Geo: we don’t answer.

joe: yeah.

Roland: I would say that when they arrive to the planet that everything is benevo-

lent. And as they’re trying to figure out how to survive, there are these injects that hap-

pen and they deal with those [00:45:00] injects. And so, I hope that helps. This is all

book two stuff.

So

33Nick: so

Roland: yet completely, but It’s

Nick: I’m so sorry. I’m like,

joe: Yeah. Yeah. So is book one in with them? That’s, I mean,

Geo: don’t talk about how it is, come

Nick: we have to finish the,

joe: right? He is writing a second book.

Nick: No they’ve actually died on

Geo: There’s a second one. So.

Roland: Book one ends, they’re on the planet. That’s not really a spoiler, right?

That’s They’re on the

joe: good.

Nick: It’s a

joe: ending there. All right. And George is like, you know, he’s not writing a

hearth, he is not writing a, you know, a hearth piece there. No, I was gonna say, be-

cause that gets in Nick, I think, to colonialism and kind of the idea that as you arrive

someplace, you’re now imparting

Geo: and now you’re trying to kind of take over. Take over.

Nick: manifest destination.

joe: if it’s been sterilized and that adds a different, it takes that out the way, but it

adds a different, you know, some guilt factor when you figure out, not only did you.

Abandon all of your fellow humans to, you now probably have died because of the

journey length, but now to create this planet, it was [00:46:00] also, there’s a lot of

blood on your hands.

And I can imagine, hopefully you have some therapists in your group. So

Roland: Yeah. We have a therapist. There’s a therapist in the

34Geo: very bus, a very busy therapist. They

joe: might be like, you know what, I can’t help them with the field work ’cause I

am,

Nick: And that’s when we throw to our sponsor better help.

Geo: So Joe and I are watching this new show. Pluribus.

joe: Pluribus.

Geo: I think, I don’t know if that’s how you pronounce it. It’s an Apple show.

That show the aliens. They come and take over Earth and they’re all like one big

hive mine. But it’s really interesting because it’s not just one hive mine.

It’s like all the individual memories and people are still intact, but all together it’s

just like fascinating. It’s really like,

Nick: so I haven’t watched it yet.

joe: in per and their mission is to make everyone, like them, bring them into the

collective and make them happy. Like so

Geo: Right. [00:47:00] Well, no, we don’t wanna say too much.

That’s

joe: a, like

Geo: okay. I know, but

joe: and a description.

Nick: This does sound like a Rick and Morty episode is, does that sound right

Geo: Maybe. Maybe that was what inspired it.

joe: It sounds like the Thing without the horror,

Geo: but I think

Nick: which is what like,

Geo: But I think it is interesting to step back and think about these aliens

Before they came to earth and did this takeover.

35Like what was their, what was that thought process and like coming? And I think

it’s really, it is really, it’s well done. It’s interesting. The

joe: The other one like that, and it’s reverse is a Three Body Problem. Have you

read that and you have that where you have, you know, not to spoil it, but here on

Earth it is almost like an alien, terraforming they’re coming to.

And it’s just, it’s done well. But it’s almost a reverse arc. So people are coming to

Earth and that’s been

Nick: done.

joe: Other stories where they wanna terraform, they wanna take over and they

come to Earth.

They’re bringing all their stuff to us, all their baggage here, but we’re still a

[00:48:00] sentient organism. That’s the Nick’s point. Like, who’s on the planet? Who’s,

Nick: there? Oh yeah. And then I don’t know if you have any archeologists on

your mm-hmm. Arc, but like, are they gonna end up finding stuff and then being like,

we aren’t the only ones that have lived here.

Geo: Yeah.

joe: Right, right. Well, that’s where the ai,

Nick: imagine Dwayne the Rock Johnson as that character. There’s other people

here.

joe: Are they archeologists? When you’re on board.

Roland: I don’t think so. I don’t think we have any.

Geo: damn.

Nick: Sorry. Rock.

Roland: sorry, Rock. Yeah. Other roles for you though?

joe: Yeah. No, I was gonna say it. And also like with the cultural bit I thought of

was, one of the other stories I thought of was Matched by

36Geo: Alex. Mm-hmm. And you only could have a hundred. A hundred.

joe: The hundred. Yeah. And so they picked the society limits and you only get ex-

posed to information by Choose. They chose the hundred best poem, songs, paint-

ings from history, and everything else was [00:49:00] destroyed, essentially.

So I, I the question is on your journey, I mean, ’cause a lot of this can be how is that

preserved the human stuff that we’ve generated? ’cause we’ve generated a lot of

things over to millennia. So how is that preserved? Or

Roland: yeah, I, so that took me a little bit to think about as well. And so I decided

to choose, you know, not only our 50 philosophers. That and these can also be reli-

gious leaders as well. But artifacts, so. Some of those artifacts, you know, they tell a

story because you’re right, like 50 years on Axl won’t have the same impact of let’s say,

oh I don’t know Anne Frank’s letter, right?

So, by having a replica of that, we could still tell a story about morality and, you

know, what we were as a society and how we’ve moved past that. And so those

Nick: artifacts

Roland: were kind of preserved in a sense along with the human telling story-

telling of these historians. [00:50:00] And so that’s kind of what I wanted to have in

there to remind us of who we are.

Because if there is something or people that live on our planet it’s probably wrong

for us to just, you know, in enslave them. And I like to think of Brandon Anderson’s

novel Way Kings and like the par shindi and how they just kind of. Slave, those folks.

And I thought about that while I was reading, so it’s a bit of inspiration from his novels.

joe: Yeah. One, I mean, something interesting is what if everyone just had their

minds wiped and to just maintain their domain knowledge and kind of went in clean?

Nick: Oh, you’re thinking servants.

joe: Yeah. Well, I mean,

37Nick: sev Severance. Yeah.

joe: Yeah. So just go through right where you just in there and

Geo: Did you watch that yet?

No

joe: the AI would maintain knowledge of human history and they would then go,

so year ones through whatever, they would not have domain the knowledge

[00:51:00] of earth as what they left behind the people, everything, the mental scar-

ring of that.

And then at some point they would. You know, open the vault. Oh, if the AI wants

’em, right. This is Georgia’s point, more sinister, , maybe things are going so well, let’s

keep everyone, , ignorant to the follies of humans on Earth. But yeah, that’s, I mean,

you could just have just, okay, you show up.

All I do is build, you know, structures. You know, all I do is pull teeth. All I do is

think about, you know, ways we could have a beautiful, you know, you know what I

mean? Like you could have this whole history kinda wiped and then move forward

which has set up a whole bunch of other

Geo: issues. Well, people are trying to wipe out history,

joe: well, right.

Roland: Yeah, that is a interesting idea and a very interesting concept. You know, if

someone’s just overwhelmed with just the stress of being there and their memories

that they can just say, Hey wipe me clean.

Geo: Well, like Eternal Sunshine.

joe: Oh, spotless Mine, right? No, that’s one. Yeah. Yep. Yep.

Nick: That also [00:52:00] touches onto Alien Earth, which I think we were talking

about prerecording, right? I don’t know if we weren’t.

That was in the recording or not. Yeah.

38joe: Yeah.

Nick: But yes, that is something that they touch on. Yeah. Yeah.

joe: yeah.

Nick: Which you still

joe: you still have because you’re still bringing, I know you, you had mentioned

you wanted to get away from technology, so they’re here on this new planet, and you

want ’em to go back which is easier for to build up society.

It’s probably easier to take technology, high technology out and start low, but you

will have this arc ship just full of technology, right? I mean, they get there and so I think

the curious individual will go, you know what? Why are we using, , a windmill? Why

can’t we just tap into the nuclear propulsion system and power up and, , get our pro-

jector and our IMAX theater building, what are we spending time?

You know? So you have this you would start to almost go, why are we, why do we

have to do it this way? You know, Eli what’s going on here? It sounds like that’s when

we booked too, but in my head I’m like, this would automatically go, why are we doing

this?

Like, why can’t we why can’t we all just chill back and [00:53:00] relax and , take

advantage of the technology we, we brought along with us. So, hundred

Roland: A hundred percent agree. And that’s, that is an inject. Because you’re

right, we have this sophisticated technology right here. I mean, we can salvage this

and help build our infrastructure, you know, why we’re looking for shelter when we

have this giant thing here. And so, yeah, that is a significant inject.

So I’ll probably stay away from talking about it too

Nick: yeah.

Roland: but yeah, that’s,

joe: And

39Nick: It’s okay. You can go back and take notes.

joe: Right. And one other, and the Biogen just to me is now like, what’s the build-

ing materials there? ’cause I was talking about building barns and I think wood, but

wood is very earth bound.

And you’re not gonna get mature wood in year one. So I don’t know what the, I

Geo: I think figuring out the environment and figuring out what’s the best,

Nick: if you have water, you can make some kind of mud or clay,

Geo: Well, I think we could,

joe: you’re building stone structures. Okay. Yeah.

Nick: that would make sense to me. I don’t

joe: just asking. Yeah, no, yeah.

Geo: I

Nick: not on a planet that, I [00:54:00] don’t know,

Geo: I think we could really go down some, a mini many,

joe: I mean, yeah, it’s just kind of, yeah. Right. Yeah. That’s not what we’re doing

here. No.

Roland: Yeah.

joe: you’re right. Yeah. Yeah.

Roland: what I wrote in there was that the planet is essentially Earth during Juras-

sic period. So we’re gonna have most of our, the things we have

Geo: Resources. Okay.

joe: Yeah.

Roland: just a plant is healthier, you know, there’s no people,

joe: No industrial Revolution yet has happened, right? That’s not yet.

Nick: not yet.

Geo: Yeah,

40Roland: Yeah. Not yet.

joe: Not yet.

Nick: Coming in and I’m gonna make a nuclear plant.

Geo: It’s kind of like a clean slate in a way. Yeah. And then how long does it take

us to mess it up? See

Nick: 10 years max

joe: Yeah.

Geo: anyway?

Yeah.

joe: Cool. Yeah. Well, I think we’re up rolling. Do you have something to add?

Roland: No that’s exactly right. It’s clean slate. So what do we do? And really the

novels kind of what happens all before that, you know, the process and then these, or

governments chasing [00:55:00] after him. And so if we just say today, and we all

know about this is arc, it’s like, okay, well hey, here’s the head of NASA

this is what this person thinks we should take. How do we get this item or this list

to this mysterious shepherd when no one knows who he is?

Geo: Mm-hmm. Great. Mm-hmm.

Roland: is he missing out on good information? And then could that person ma-

nipulate it? Is he gonna be hunted? All these things occur.

joe: Yeah. Yeah. How good is he at making a list? See, it’s important.

Geo: that list maker.

Nick: So do you what would be your top two things that you would bring with

you, like personally on this arc?

Roland: Oh so

joe: I would say

Geo: Like everything

41Nick: else is set, like the major things. ’cause you know, someone else’s, but

Geo: this is just your personal

joe: Yeah.

Roland: oh, I would say probably like photograph my family [00:56:00] assuming

that if they’re not

Nick: Wait you I was gonna say, wait, do you wanna remember them at that point?

Like,

Roland: Yeah.

joe: Yeah.

Roland: I think that would probably be like my number one thing would be just

type A photograph and. If we have all the other basin ses covered such as a food,

shelter, water, or some type of, you know, ax or

joe: or entertainment item, let’s say a record or book that you would just want to

consume over and over again on this voyage or while you’re starting, maybe make it a

little easier instead of like every item in the world.

Geo: That is a

Roland: it would say 100%. It would be a C player with my chemical romance.

Three. Cheers. Sweet Revenge on repeat. That would be

Nick: Oh, damn.

joe: it’s

Roland: the thing. Yeah. So it’s my favorite album of all time, so that’s what I’ll

Geo: Nice.

Nick: Nick, what

joe: what do you got? What do you got? What do you playing? Oh, that’s

Nick: Oh, so, playlist man. I just,

Geo: anything

42Nick: I feel like

Geo: What video game would you take? Well,

Nick: I think I would just take my [00:57:00] steam deck, which has a bunch of

games already

Geo: it. No, you gotta pick one.

Nick: Whoa.

It’s a single item.

joe: No, I think, how do you connect this steam deck?

Geo: Come on.

joe: What do you mean? Whatcha Are you connecting it to, isn’t it isn’t a game

and the

Nick: I mean No, it’s actually on the system.

joe: on the system, okay. So you’re bringing the system Yeah. With the

Geo: Okay. I think that,

joe: Okay.

And

Geo: kind of a plug

joe: You’re gonna plug it into,

Nick: I mean, if we have a nuclear plant that just has a plug, you know,

joe: you need a TV or something, right? Honey?

Nick: it’s right there, dude.

Geo: there. He’s using hand

joe: handheld gaming system.

Geo: Yeah. He’s

Nick: a handheld computer

Geo: wa him to play his hand.

43Nick: There is nothing Hand w about. And then it has pictures of my family on

there. Okay.

Geo: Tell us one.

Okay. One book or one record?

Nick: One book or one record.

joe: know you’re kind of cheating all thing. I’m gonna take my Apple

Nick: I’m sorry. I’m

Geo: just, I’m picking everything.

Nick: it’s a one item thing, but

joe: but he’s breaking the rules, right?

I mean, that’s rule

Roland: you know, it’s you know,

Nick: It’s an [00:58:00] art.

Roland: It’s challenging.

Nick: It’s efficient, but one record I would bring would probably be childish Gam-

binos Awaken my love.

joe: Yeah.

Roland: Nice choice. Nice choice.

Nick: What about you,

Geo: you, Georgia? I know. See, now that you’ve

Nick: I got

Geo: harassed.

joe: harassed.

Geo: I dunno if I can come up with one. You know

Nick: got one. I know. It’s

Geo: It’s so hard. I don’t know. Well, I would bring Harold Amad

44Nick: on.

Geo: And that also is the album. The album is awesome too. So that kind of fits

both, you know. But

joe: yeah. Wow. I got a movie there. Music wise, oh, you know, I have to go with

something. Well, Portis Head one of their albums. I’ll pick one. I’ll narrow down when I

got to, but yeah.

You know, either it’s gonna be their Portis head or it’s gonna be Dummy. One of

those two. I think I would take movie wise, man, that’s hard. ’cause I can, there’s a

bunch of movies I watch over and over again, so, you know, from Uncle Buck to .

Geo: [00:59:00] You would

joe: Thing

Nick: end game. End Game would be my one movie.

joe: I might bring, I might bring the

Roland: game’s. Good.

joe: I might do The Thing. I could

Nick: see you bringing the thing.

The

joe: thing might be it, like it, it feels like the movie you need in isolation. Just to

watch that in a paranoia and you know, have everyone watch it and be like, does not

do

Geo: or maybe you wouldn’t,

Nick: No. You would

Geo: maybe you wouldn’t be in the mood of that.

Nick: we’re all in this together to fight this.

joe: Yeah. I don’t

Geo: and then it sucks.

45Nick: then it sucks. And then Avengers assemble.

Geo: Okay. So

Roland: I mean, that works. Yeah.

Geo: I think for a book, I think for book for you, Joe is The Stand of course. I mean,

you read it every year. You read it every single year anyway. Yes,

joe: would come along with

Geo: but you usually do the audiobook.

joe: to audiobook. Yeah. Yeah. Yep. It’s really well read.

Nick: Oh man. If you would bring something that can play audio books. Well, I

Geo: can, maybe you

joe: it on, I can download it on your

Nick: device.

Geo: Yeah. You think he’ll let you borrow his device? You insult

Nick: you have insulted it,

Geo: Bring your own device.

joe: know. I’m gonna bring my laptop filled with music and everything.

I just, I’ll rip a bunch of, get Napster downloaded [01:00:00] and

Nick: Oh, I was gonna

joe: was, I know people are old enough for Napster, but

Nick: What is Napster? I’m sorry,

joe: Yeah, Uhhuh,

Geo: Shut up man.

Nick: Were you saying you were sailing in the Seven Seas

Geo: but recently, re recently a friend of mine was talking about this to another

friend and was giving a list of like, these are the movies that if you watch these movies,

or maybe it was novels or both, if you read or watch this set of movies

46joe: Yeah. Or

Geo: or these set of

joe: like five, five

Geo: Yeah. I can’t remember the number. You’ll really understand me.

joe: Yeah.

Geo: I thought, I really like that. I like

joe: or movies. I think it was Combined Media, like at

Geo: And I was trying to think, okay, what would mine be? And I’m actually still not

sure, but

joe: we’ll

Nick: have to an answer that on another,

joe: maybe in a mini episode.

Geo: Think some more about

joe: But also I think that if you did it over time, that would change

Geo: It would totally

joe: of five things in your twenties will probably definitely be different in thirties,

40, you know, fifties. So

Geo: just memory wise, I have certain books that I [01:01:00] remember loving.

Like I, this is like one of my favorite books of all times.

But now can I even tell you what that book is about? You know? So That’s horrible.

Yeah. So,

joe: right, well we better start wrapping this whole thing up when

Nick: thank you so much for being here with

joe: You wanna give a plug, talk about your book. You got any new writings or

anything people should look at?

47We’ll put your website and where to find a book and everything in a newsletter,

but if you wanna

Geo: to

Roland: Yeah, I mean, I’m, right now I’m just kind of knee deep into book two.

And that one’s doing a lot of consulting, talking to people, experts in different areas.

But man, it was just such a fun write to do the first

joe: Mm-hmm.

Roland: and it’s. I would say the heart of Salvation Protocol, I think it’s about who

we become when everything is on the line.

And so if that type of question answers [01:02:00] you I think you guys would love

diving into it and just seeing how we actually do things and then, you know, humanity

and how we figure that out. So it’s such a good ride. I loved writing it and I’m just su-

per happy to be here and to I share it with you guys and share it with the world.

So,

joe: absolutely.

Thank you. Yeah. No, it was awesome. Yeah. Can’t wait to dig in more.

Nick: If you need any other consultants, let us know. We’re

joe: where we are

Nick: We’re available.

joe: One, one of us is a really, a one is really a scientist, but, and a librarian and,

you know. Chaos. Chaos and

Roland: I think I will for sure.

Geo: expert in chaos.

Roland: Yeah, try keep it. Maybe keep it more realistic less hand wave D.

joe: less hand

Nick: waving.

48joe: Yeah. Yeah. We gotta go and we love Handwaving here, you know, and less

so. All right. Is that it? I, of the last words?

Nick: No, I think we

Geo: lived

joe: when

Nick: down.

joe: me, Joe,

Nick: No,

joe: we got Georgia. Huh? We got Nick. [01:03:00] Stay curious.

Nick: Bye.

Geo: Bye.

Transcript EP 52: The Physics and Biology of Extreme Performance

Guest Hayley Reese Chow

SubstackAppleSpotifyYouTubeAmazon

[00:00:00]

Joe: Hey, welcome back to the Rabbit Hole of Research down here in the base-

ment studio for Season Three

coming at you. Yep.

Nick: I’m shocked.

They haven’t canceled us yet, Joe,

Joe: we

haven’t been canceled. We’re here.

No one’s raided the Basement Studio and dragged us out. Yeah, so

Geo: don’t

give em any

ideas.

Joe: Yeah, so you have me, Joe, of course.

We’ve got Georgia.

We’ve got

Nick: you. Got Nick.

Joe: Nick. And we actually have a special guest with us

Nick: Oh wait. Hello there.

Joe: So if you would like to introduce yourself really fast and

Hayley: Hi, I’m Haley. I’m an author of Science Fiction adventures.

And I’m also a full-time

engineer, so I’m super excited to be here and thanks for so

much for inviting me.

Joe: Yeah,

definitely. Thank you. We got an engineer on here

Nick: So do you Look at human bodies as a piece of engineering, like

Geo: Yeah.

you’re, you [00:01:00] just,

are.

Joe: know you went

right in. Did, I

Nick: I mean, I didn’t know that

Joe: List. No

Hayley: I’ve never had that thought, but I was sitting next to an engineer that was

talking one time about the flap in your throat and how

Joe: throat. That’s right. it was because it was

Hayley: not robust enough and

5that’s why he was Choking

Joe: and not that flaps the epiglottis,

Geo: Oh, thank you

Nick: I thought about that.

Is that what it’s called? That’s

Joe: what the little flap is called. Remember that

Nick: the little dangly bit? I thought that was a, no,

Joe: the dangly bit. That’s called the Uvula, but There’s a flap that covers up your

windpipe when you swallow.

Oh. So that you don’t choke to death all the time. Yeah. The epiglottis.

Hayley: down the wrong pipe. So it had gone down the wrong pipe and he was

criticizing the

Joe: Yes.

Nick: I constantly do that. It

Joe: is. So I, we didn’t even, you jumped right

Nick: in. I’m

so sorry. I didn’t hear. I didn’t,

Joe: it.

But

this episode

we’re gonna be talking about the physics and biology of extreme performance.

So that’s it. And Hailey didn’t mention, she’s also an ultra marathoner,

right? Is that true? Yes. Yep. Yep.

Hayley: So in, in my twenties

I did ultra

6marathons and adventure [00:02:00] races and actually I still have I, I have two sis-

ters. One is a professional triathlete, and then I have another one who still does ad-

venture races

Across the globe in Fiji and Africa and South America. So

Yeah. we have Kind of an

a athlete family.

Joe: Yeah. Awesome. And you were in the Air Force, is that, did I do the

Hayley: Yes, I’m still a reservist

and I was active duty for a few years.

So,

and I mean, while we’re putting it out there, I guess I

was Also

A

fencer in college actually. So I got ultramarathon after I got out of college.

Nick: Oh Damn. There it is. Were you trying to go for like the Amazing Race?

Hayley: No, it, yeah I.

just, I had a lot of time on my hands after I got outta college and I didn’t have to

like do fencing or homework. and I really, didn’t know what to do with myself, so I

Nick: wait like fencing as in swords?

Damn goods.

Joe: are you talking about?

Nick: I

wanted to make sure

Geo: Yeah, like

Nick: she’s got a nice

7Watch this.

Joe: You What? Talking about,

Hayley: A common question

Geo: she

Nick: could be out there putting fences together and be like, yeah.

Geo: Oh,

Joe: a, fencer.

Oh, I

see.

[00:03:00] Like,

Nick: Yeah. Like, I

don’t know.

Joe: Stop it.

Hayley: you would have.

Nick: This

is the energy I’m bringing.

Hayley: I have fielded so many phone calls to the

Louisville Fencing center.

that say we do not sell fences. So many phone calls.

Joe: right. Well, as you guys know, I have I have my little opening,

Geo: have a little intro.

Joe: I have a list too to get us started. I have a few things here, but I’ll just do that.

Get us. I

Geo: I think

8Nick: before I derail it anymore Yeah.

already got

Geo: started. Right?

Joe: trying to hawk goods or something.

Nick: I actually I am trying to swindle people with things. Yes. .

Joe: So the human body is an experiment in balance, a lattice of muscle and

bone, electricity and chemistry, rhythm and rapture. Every stride, every breath, every

heartbeat is a predictable calculation between energy and entropy.

And yet no equation fully captures the human will. Physics and biology tells us

what is possible. Endurance tells us what we refuse to accept as impossible. [00:04:00]

What is the biology and physics of pushing past a red line? The second wind beyond

the pain and the signals from the brain that whisper stop. What happens when muscle

meets meaning and the human condition becomes a question mark?

Is there a limit?

Nick: I

feel like I’ve hit the limit

with drinking before.

where it’s

Like I know it’s no ultra marathon, but you know,

Joe: an ultra marathon. It’s the opposite

Geo: What do you mean?

Nick: You know, you drink hard that you just black out. You know that it’s, pushing

your body to the limit of uh,

Geo: how much you can drink?

Nick: Oh, yeah.

Yeah. before

9Geo: I don’t think

Joe: oh no, that doesn’t

Nick: no, no. I,

Geo: about.

Joe: endurance.

Nick: thought that was the exact same

analogy. That’s a different kind Like athletes train with their

Geo: bodies.

Nick: train with my liver?

Joe: know. Your liver. That is

Nick: not your

Joe: liver.

That’s killing your liver. yeah.

Nick: Gotta kill it to make it stronger, right?

Joe: Yeah. Yeah. That it doesn’t kill you, it makes you stronger. Yeah. Maybe a

good thing for you to, liver is the

only organ I can regenerate. [00:05:00]

Nick: See,

Joe: What were you saying, Georgia?

Geo: Oh, I thought that was very poetic.

Yes.

Joe: I

Nick: or

him

Hayley: the same thing. That was awesome. It

was pretty sweet.

10Nick: keep

people

Joe: a little hype. And I do have, some biological ideas that I think makes en-

durance, and maybe we’ll add a more physical, from a engineering perspective Nick

kind

of

led

into

Nick: that

Joe: earlier.

So

one right in.

But an endurance is sustained, maximum output, maintaining power, speed, effort

over long durations without catastrophic failure of key systems.

And so I have six areas. We have anaerobic metabolism, energy generation with

oxygen, cardiovascular delivery, heart vessels, blood flow, muscle efficiency, fiber type

mitochondria, fuel utilization, thermal regulation, heat balance, neural reregulation,

the brain’s control of effort and kind of our control center and then repair and stress

signaling.

The hormonal and cellular feedback loops [00:06:00] that, during training and

things like that prevent us from over training or should. So these are six areas I had

from a biological perspective that you can think of conceptually controls endurance,

and you have to train your body, your mind for all these

Hayley: yeah, endurance is just a, it’s a really interesting thing. So I, got into ultra

marathoning because I always thought I

cannot go very fast, but I can.

11keep going. And

it, It was

And it’s interesting because it’s very much

A mindset

in so many ways about what the human body is capable of and what essentially

that we

were

originally designed to do, right.

We’re so far removed from it

in this day and age, but if you can kind of tap into

it and have that

confidence that you know that your body can do that,

especially because, you know,

when we

talk about.

Our kind of everyday performance, right? And then you, but

then there

is the very high adrenaline performance.

right, Which is completely different. Like you may think that you are done or

tapped out, but then if your life is in danger and you have [00:07:00] that adrenaline

response then you can tap into a whole new range of essentially a performance that

you may not even consciously be aware of. And I think even knowing that exists is a

huge part of mindset for endurance runners. And actually, it was interesting. when I

got into, when I started Dec decide, deciding how I wanted to see my experience with

Ultra Marathon was trying to see how far I could go. Really, I was trying to find my limit

as a person. And I read this article, which was kind of my gateway drug into. ultra

12marathoning, which said that if you could run a certain amount of disc, like a certain

mileage that you could

Go twice as far not necessarily running. So like if you had run a marathon, then

you are already ready to go 50 mile to do a 50 miler. Like you might not be able to run

the whole time. but you can go And then, so I essentially, I did a 50 miler and then I

was like, well, if I could go, if I ran the whole 50 miles right, then I could go a hundred.

miles. [00:08:00] And so it’s that. It is really interesting, I think, how the brain and the

human body are interacting sometimes,

Even and a c part of it, too is pain management, right? Because If you’re running

for a certain amount of time, a time, there’s going to be, pain. and so you have to be

able to mentally essentially ignore the pain, so.

Geo: right.

Joe: No, for sure. No, I think that’s, really interesting and you raised a couple

points. I was thinking of flow state and I think we as creatives, you think of flow state,

you get into this mode where you are in writing and your flow and you’re, or you’re

creating, but also and performing, , the flow state where you get into that and you

were , I think, alluding to that where you get into this kind of mental state where you’re

now in this equilibrium between kind of the pleasure runner’s pleasure, they call it the

second win where you’re now, you’ve trained and so now you’re maximally using your

oxygen efficiency , depleting the lactate, lactic acid in your muscles, [00:09:00] re-

freshing that and you’re cruising along.

Before you have to hit this, next gear of a, this kind of very mental zen kind of

state. And then I think you go and I have the Berserker state where now you go into

this next phase where you are pushing yourself, you said that flight or you’re like, oh, I

got, can I make that last 20 miles?

13Or whatever. Or we think of movies, you know, John Wick, when he goes in from

flow state, like you almost see it where he is in some flow state, and then he goes into

a berserker mode where he is, it’s a, it’s physically taxing mentally and physically. And

he goes and it’s just, you shut everything off.

The whole world dissolves around you.

Nick: I think that movie actually does a really good job at showing that berserker

State. Like it makes you focus in on exactly what he’s seeing without being like that

POV view.

Joe: Yeah.

Geo: that’s a good point. I,

I read your blog and I was well, I was reading about when you did your marathon

and you hurt your ankle like very early on, [00:10:00] and I’m just like I was so im-

pressed that you were able to, like you said, mentally push past that. I can’t even imag-

ine. I’ve I have broken my ankle before. and I just can’t imagine. I mean, I can’t imagine

it just in the best possible scenario being able to do it.

Nick: I mean, I trip just walking. I don’t know.

I

don’t understand how you, do it.

Joe: you don’t, you are not, are you a you’re not a big sports guy.

Nick: What are sports?

Joe: Yeah. And Georgia,

I know you haven’t, you’re not, but when you play, like, so I’ve played like basket-

ball ultimate Frisbee, and you go and you do get, you have these injuries and things

and the, and I’ll say the longest run I’ve ever done was a 10 miler, and that was by ac-

cident.

14Because it was a 10 k 10 miler, and I just got the signage wrong and I just went

along. And that’s that whole point that if you can

do, and it’s even

in

training

because like when you train for a marathon, you don’t actually run a marathon.

You actually run 70% of it, , and then you know you can do the rest.

And I think when I ran, I’m just going [00:11:00] along and then, people, and I

read the sign, I’m like, 10 miler. And I’m like, what? Hold on. I’m in the wrong, I’m

Nick: running the wrong

Joe: route.

But, once I was in it, I was like, I can do this. Like, you know, I’ve

Nick: looks like I’m, just going, yeah,

Joe: right. And I finished and I had a good time.

Geo: But I can’t imagine rolling your ankle and then still running.

Geo: How Did you overcome that?

Hayley: So for

me

it was definitely the feeling of necessity because in some ways I was

like 22 or 23 when it happened and when I was doing

the. a hundred Miler

And so at that time

For that a hundred, a

hundred

mile ultramarathon Ultra marathon. So it’s essentially five 20 mile loops and you

can bring in a safety runner for mile 60 through a hundred.

15So I had also flown in my sister and my mom, who were gonna do essentially the

last two 20 mile laps with me. And so I was thinking, I was like, well, I’m never gonna

get them to

come out. Like I’m never gonna be able to fly them out here again. Like I spent all

this money to fly out here and fly my parents out here and I don’t know if I’m ever

gonna do

this again.

And I’m already here. So

even if I have to walk, there was a lot, this was my [00:12:00] exact like thought

process ’cause you know, you have a lot of time to think in a hundred mile

Nick: I don’t understand how you do

that alone, just being stuck with your own thoughts.

It’s like, oof.

Hayley: There’s a lot of thinking. Yeah. So

I, was basically, you know, I’m just gonna try my best. I’m going to, ’cause I’m try-

ing to find my limit. I wanna see, I’m just going to go until I can’t Anymore. And I’m

gonna see if I can, just because I knew that even if I walked right, a 20 minute, mile

pace, I, you know, I would finish in the 24 hour In the 24 hour, or actually 30 it’s a 30

hour in the

Geo: Oh my gosh.

Hayley: So I felt that need of necessity. And actually it’s a, it’s interesting. I have a

friend who’s an army ranger who talks about who, and we would talk

about how difficult the Army ranger test is to

pass. You know, it’s also very

physical and there’s this mindset that you get in that is this,

16this is terrible. And it is just this acceptance that this is terrible. But I never felt like I

couldn’t do it. And I would just knew that I could keep persevering until I couldn’t.

And it was interesting. It’s interesting you talk about being alone with your thoughts.

Like one of my mindsets, and I think someone else had said this [00:13:00] too, is real-

ly just keeping yourself happy. Like knowing how to keep Yourself upbeat and positive

is a huge part ’cause as soon as you accept that you can. Quit, you will. So you really

have to kind of almost trick yourself into saying, I cannot, it’s, and it’s very much the

same, It’s like also like, I think one of the toughest ultra marathons is actually in New

York and why? It’s

very tough. It’s a hundred miles

and it’s around one

block and they run. the same block

Joe: My

Geo: gosh.

Hayley: thousands of

Geo: Oh my

Hayley: difficult because it’s so easy to just walk away and

quit

Geo: Oh my gosh.

Hayley: are doing an out and

back, Right? If You were to run. 50 miles out, well Once you run, the 50 miles out,

you have to run,

Joe: right? Yep. Yeah.

Yeah. I think of the scene in

GATTACA

GATTACA

17where, you have the brother one is genetically enhanced and he’s put on the

pedestal perfection. Versus the other brother who was natural born. I don’t know why

it wasn’t his parents didn’t spring the money for him, but maybe I missed that part

when I got cut out the movie. [00:14:00] But but yeah, it was interesting because then

you had, he was trying to achieve this goal of going outer space,

and so he was struggling against the system of genetic perfection in that you

could force yourself. And I remember they would swim and his challenged, his brother

and his brother was like, I can beat you. And so they went swimming. And his brother,

who was his perfection, was built to do this and they swim out and they go and go.

And then the brother fails. A genetically a perfect brother runs out and turns around

and starts going back, and then they get back, and then it’s like, well, where were you

doing? And he goes, I didn’t expect to come back.

I was just gonna keep swimming until. We either swam and died out in the middle

of the ocean, or you turned around and that was it. And that’s that whole thing. A

minute, you can quit. Like you have nothing to gain or lose. You go, well, I’m just

gonna head back. I don’t know what I’m doing here.

I don’t wanna die. That’s same idea of you just running around the block, a hun-

dred times and it’s like, you said Hayley why am I doing this?

Hayley: Yeah,

it’s [00:15:00] actually, it’s

interesting

so, and Malcolm Gladwell has this book called Underdogs, and he talks about

what.

I, you know,

Underdogs can win, right? And in odds where it seems like they

can’t. And it’s like, even when it comes

18to

like things, like war, right? Like when a better, equipped, you know, more powerful

better funded military will lose against a smaller one. And it definitely, a part of it is

that

mindset of

having. Nothing. to

lose

of just of, you know, they don’t,

They have something to prove, and it’s a do or die situation.

And underdogs are able to to to harness that. I think it’s really

Geo: I think it

like just

the psychology of doing an ultra marathon or even a marathon, I think that proba-

bly just people with certain

mindsets

can do it in the first place. Do you know what I mean?

Joe: Yeah.

Well, I mean

there’s probably components, physical components that people that do it, they,

they have something, , the lung capacity, they’re what is called VO two max. How

they’re much oxygen in your lungs. So [00:16:00] there’s physical things that probably

start to separate, but then what separates those people from the people that actually

finish?

And I think that’s the intangible. This will, this mental kind of drive that I’m gonna,

I’m gonna do this, right? What anybody that succeeds, , they push through and they

have this kind of thing in ’em. And so even if all things are equal, you still need that

19drive. And I think that is important and forgotten in some of these things when you

see people do that.

So, because I know there was a documentary or something where you watched

about an ultra marathon through the Rockies in like Colorado

Hayley: is it the Trans Rockies run?

Joe: I think that was it. And they were showing people in the little tents

Hayley: I’ve done that one.

Joe: did you? Yeah. And they had

the blister, like

the one person

they had their feet were like just all blistered up and

bloody

and they were just running and it was like, I keep going, I gotta go.

You know? It was like this thing, like you said that, and you can almost see it where

it was like I can’t quit. Even though he had a good valid reason. Like your feet. Or

shredded, you should probably [00:17:00] stop. And it was like, now this banty is up

and we’ll take care of it at the finish line. And it was like painful to watch, but it was

also inspiring a bit to, to see that and have them push through.

And so, yeah, I think that mental capacity, that’s a big component. The will to do it,

the drive to do it.

Hayley: And there’s also a knowledge, component too, because I feel like there’s

also You know, when you get hurt, when you get hurt like that, I think you are doing

the mental calculation of.

What is the

worst that.

could happen?

20You know what I mean?

Like

it, you know, Is this going to get any, wor like, is this going to Permanently injure

me and not, , 99 times out of a hundred, the answer is no. That it’s a, it is a temporary?

it’s a temporary pain that will ,

go away. And it’s interesting ’cause you

especially see it in children, right? When

children are hurt

and a

lot of times

when they’re crying, it’s not necessarily because of the pain, but it’s the fear that

The pain will never go away.

So once.

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: I still get that. I’m like, this is my life now. Great job. Wake up from [00:18:00]

sleeping weird. And You’re like, oh, this crank. This is just my life. This is where this is

the new are you’re

Joe: talking about you or your 4-year-old?

Nick: Me now? No, this is straight up. Me

Joe: a little.

Geo: I do think

there’s certain times where you just go, is this gonna be permanent? Like certain.

Nick: So have you, is the idea of like the invisible wall, an actual thing?

Hayley: I have not encountered that. I personally have not encountered the wall

sensation in any of.

21Joe: Know for those listening that might not be familiar, Nick, you wanna or Allie

to explain the invisible wall? Yep. To our,

Hayley: So the wall, as I understand it, is that in, in any sport, and specifically

actually in

running, is that you get to a point where you feel like you cannot go any farther.

And but if you break through the wall, then a lot of people think that is when the

runner’s high actually kicks in is once the wall.

Is broken.

And Nick, I don’t know if your understanding,

of the wall is [00:19:00] different.

Nick: My understanding of it is through the movie that Simon Peg did in 2007,

which was called Run Fat Boy Run, where they actually had a wall show up in front of

him in his like head and he broke through the wall as like the big conclusion of the

movie.

It’s like, oh wow. He made it through and actually finished the race. ’cause he was

someone that. Didn’t finish anything he ever started and that’s pretty much what I

thought it was.

Hayley: And you know, what it could be is it could be the the si like a kind of a

less, even less literal of the expectations of

what you think your body can do. you, it could be D, that could also be the wall,

right, is that you think that you can only perform up to what your mind thinks that your

body can perform. And that is the wall. And you have to essentially break yourself out

of that. You have to trick yourself once again into thinking that your body can do more

than you’ve ever thought that it could. And I could see that being the wall. as Well, un-

fortunately, I think I was born with a lot [00:20:00] of hubris, so I am much more likely

to take on task.

22Joe: Yeah. I mean, that’s like the runner’s high. you have this mix of hormones,

your endorphins, the, endocannabinoids kicking in as you go and hitting your blood-

stream. So once again, I think that’s part is flow state.

And so you have this kind of your brain chemistry and you’re getting this pleasure

sensation from that. Some of this is pain suppression, calm euphoria, so all these kind

of feelings that you have, and like you said, make yourself happy. And so where you

might not feel this wall approaching is because you’ve set yourself up to actually have

those thoughts to go, oh, let me get in the good space.

Let me find my good space. Let me be mentally sound. I’ve trained, I know my

body, I know I can do it. And then you do it. I think if you go in doubting yourself, I

think that’s when you might hit walls or if you’re, I. Writing for effect a movie or a story,

then it might even come in more because that, that adds dramatic quality to it.

Nick: [00:21:00] Well I think he did go in doubting himself. Because like through-

out

the events of the film yeah it all led up to

Geo: sometimes

there’s

just like a switch and like you just get to that point where you Oh, I can. do this.

Like you Might not always.

Right. You might not

go into it even feeling like

you can. But maybe at some point then that just,

Joe: yeah.

Geo: But also I think, as far as the human body , isn’t it also about age? I just feel

like especially at my age there

Nick: you kinda talk about, but you know

23Geo: know what I mean, like the body is there only a certain

window where your body’s

like.

In the right sh Shape,

Joe: I think

there’s, for training and recovery, being younger, that is, that’s an advantage be-

cause your body metabolically still on a growth curve if, let’s say that. And I think if we

think about that as you age, your body just heals. It takes longer to heal naturally.

So if you twist your [00:22:00] ankle when you’re 20, you could be back out run-

ning the next day, just a sprain. Whereas if you’re in your thirties, eh, you might, not go

as hard the next day you hit your 49 and fifties, you know, I just hit 50 this year.

Geo: I’m just thinking of everything like lung capacity,

Joe: So, but lung

Geo: like

Joe: some of those things.

Geo: the stress, on your, you know what I mean?

Joe: So flexibility

in your cartilage, your tendons, all that as you age will stiffen up. But if you were

training, you know, you

Geo: I’m sure there.

are people that do it.

Nick: It’s not like you’re gonna go out tomorrow. and be like, I’m gonna go

Joe: an ultra

marathon tomorrow.

Geo: But, I feel

Nick: I feel like

24I,

Geo: that is kind of a limiting factor maybe.

Hayley: So the oldest person to complete the bad

water, 135

ultra.

Marathon was 80 years

old.

Geo: Wow.

Joe: I

Nick: I don’t know why I was hoping you were gonna say, like a hundred and

something. I was like

Hayley: Well, for a marathon maybe, but this is for the Ultra

Joe: Ultra

Hayley: 135 [00:23:00] miles.

Through the desert.

Joe: Oof.

Yeah. And you might gain advantages mentally. And I think Hailey, you mentioned

this knowledge of self knowledge of. What you’re doing as you get older you, what

you lack in physical capacity, you gain somewhat in, mental capacity and the knowl-

edge that you’ve seen a lot.

You’ve done a lot, you’ve pressed through a lot. And you can press through this

here. And I was gonna say the other thing, you might have an innate natural advan-

tage of being a woman both LA and Georgia. It’s a lot of research now when you talk

about physical activity that usually men are thought to be dominant, , just longer, larg-

er lungs.

25Oxygen capacity, muscle strength, just built to be stronger, quicker, faster, , equal-

ly trained, athletic man, woman, the man will generally outcompete the woman.

But

more recent research is showing that in short, quick burst [00:24:00] activities,

man has the advantage, but women start to gain the advantage when it goes to en-

durance sports.

So a lot of research is coming out, is that as you stretch out past the marathon lim-

its to ultra marathons, women now are competing equal. And if not, superseding men

ability, equally trained, equally competing. And so it’s really fascinating that kind of

that the long game, favors, the, women and their biological makeup to persevere and

to push through.

And I just thought that was, am I researching this topic? I thought that was really

fascinating to see that kind of research come up. So,

Hayley: and it’s interesting too, ’cause I feel like part of that might also have,

to do with the pain. right,

And it’s interesting. ’cause my

Joe: Mm-hmm.

Hayley: does these these multi-day

Adventure

Races where They’ll be going for like, she did the

bear grill’s eco Fiji race, which was like actually wrote it down. it was like 11 days,

and it’s 417 miles.

Nick: Oh

damn.

Hayley: Yeah, It’s wild because they also

they’ll sleep

26and I don’t know [00:25:00] if this was for

that particular race, but I know that they do in other races. ’cause

They have to first of all, navigate often through the wilderness, so not, so

they’re choosing the path and then they’ll also sleep

in like

crazy

short bursts, like

20 minutes

at a time. And I mean, yes, it, is wild how little they sleep. And then once again,

dealing with the pain. And I think there are studies, about, women

and I feel like I’ve seen, I have to fact check me, but I feel like I’ve seen studies on

women. and pain. tolerance. So I think that might play a role as

Joe: yeah, no, I think I mean you’re probably right

Nick: Honestly,

I feel like this would be the best thing for if you’re in a horror movie.

Like the endurance you’re surviving

right?

Geo: right?

Yeah.

The ultimate Final

Girl,

Joe: girl,

right?

Nick: You’ve succeeded. We found our final girl for

the season. It also

Geo: reminds me, it reminds

27me of the extreme of us.

Joe: Well, that’s no

Nick: you’re just pushing

this one in. Come on.

Geo: No, but it’s extreme. You know, I

Joe: I had on, I was just looking [00:26:00] up my notes on this topic.

One is , fat metabolism that women they have estrogen, upregulates enzymes for

ma fat metabolism. So that might improve mitochondrial efficiency during these long

endurances fatigue resistance.

Women experience less muscle damage and faster recovery under repeated

strain.

So that was one of the things thermal regulatory advantages. Women can regulate

their kind of heat management better than men.

And then hormonal modulation, so this kind of, I just mentioned the estro estro-

gen pro estrogen help with mitochondrial biogenesis antioxidant capacity, so you get

better cellular endurance through this kind of process of running these really long dis-

tances.

So, yeah, so really fascinating,

Hayley: About time we won

Joe: That’s right.

Nick: Hell yeah.

Joe: It’s, yeah. People start throwing research on women find out

Nick: offering them

Joe: Amazing. So That’s right.

Nick: And a meal

with and

28Joe: a suit and a you’ll get superpowers. [00:27:00]

No,

Geo: I do think of that show that, I

think

Stanley Lee did and it was he found

Nick: people

Geo: that were able to do like,

Nick: Yeah.

Geo: Like real life superhero,

like the people had been able to do,

Joe: oh, thing about the guy

and I could like punch through melons or something with the finger.

Geo: I

don’t,

Joe: the melon puncher, I don’t know.

It was so weird. Yeah.

Nick: Was it Jet Lee? ’cause I feel like that was, him.

Joe: it

Geo: It was so, and it was supposed to be

like people that you hadn’t heard of, like, you know what I mean? Not necessarily

famous people that were able to do these.

Nick: I think I’ve heard the show or heard of the show,

Joe: so maybe, you know, you Georgia, you had a point about maybe you’re not

ready to go do an ultra marathon, but maybe this is where the engineering can come

in and bio-engineering to enhance or have enhancements that could go on

Geo: Are you talking bionics

29or?

Sure.

Joe: Sure. Let’s talk bionics. Yeah.

Just cut

right

to it.

the

Geo: bionic [00:28:00] woman, Yeah.

Joe: like the bionic woman.

Geo: Yeah.

Joe: No, I

Hayley: you know, it is interesting

’cause like we talk about why humans continue to, get faster, right? Like why we

continue To break records

because, you know, shouldn’t at

some point we be optimizing the potential of the human body. Is it the shoes,

right, Is it like these braces, is it the material

of

the track that we’re running on?

Or is it our nutrition or is it, the fact that are we really just as, , humanity getting

stronger? So that is, it is a interesting thing

as well,

Nick: yeah, that is actually really interesting. Like

that is,

you would think that older generations of humans would be faster due to, , being

closer to the. Pri,

30Geo: right?

Like having to do a lot of that physical

Nick: Like having that danger of Right.

Having to run like,

Geo: hide, right.

Joe: Yeah. But we’re also designed, if you’re talking about when we were. More

prey than predator. [00:29:00] Endurance was our game. Like we’re designed for en-

durance.

So like a cheetah only can go fast for a very short distance. Like you can outrun a

horse over, a 5K or a marathon. You would, the horse will give up at some point in time

and it’s

Geo: because They’re not

Joe: you just keep going.

Right?

Geo: they’re like,

Joe: don’t think about that. So really all you gotta do is outcompete for x amount

of time and then you’ll win.

And that, that also then what makes us like really good predators, because then

we have this ability to stalk the hunt to go around. So now if you combine that ability

with weaponry and strategy, that gives you a very tactical advantage over things that,

you know, a, they’re gonna run out of energy. So all we gotta do is to.

Wear ’em down. We’re hunting a herd of, mastodons and, we know then we could

strategically wear them down stress ’em out, and then we can overpower ’em. That’s

our designs, our design isn’t actually sprinting. It’s the opposite

Geo: but I think that’s

31still a really great point because the way [00:30:00] our lifestyle is now is very sedi-

tary and a very, like,

Nick: we’re not in the same mindset of

fear.

Joe: I don’t wanna be like I was gonna say Hailey, when you were saying like, how,

why are people getting fast here? And I was just gonna throw in that there is prizes

and money and all sorts of accolades that come your way if you train yourself to be a

physical specimen and push yourself to that limit.

So if you have the. Physical makeup, so you have the genetic makeup to actually

run fast, and then you give yourself that extra advantage of training and working on

that then, and taking advantage of modern materials, outfits. You look at what people

are wearing now, when they run, it’s, , they’re pretty naked.

It is got like a little thin, I don’t watch the Olympics. I’m like, whoa, we need to blur

out some stuff on this. Like, you know

Nick: oh, I was just thinking of

Hal from Malcolm in the middle with his speed walking.

Joe: Yes.

Geo: Yeah, So,

Joe: but I think there’s been comparisons with like Hussein Bolt and Carl Lewis

and, some of [00:31:00] the greatest sprinters that we’ve had.

And you look at their stride length and things like that, and they’re really close. So

you go, you know, maybe Hussein Bolt, you do it. Maybe he’s got like a little bit of

stride length.

But if you do these comparisons through time, you do see these sprinters, they all

are from historical sprinters are, close, like they, if you give ’em some of these advan-

32tages and training, diet, lifelong kind of effort, like you’re gonna, this is what you’re

gonna do

Geo: could get in We could get into nature versus nurture

too. You could,

Joe: yes. That is,

Geo: you know. there’s probably some just innate abilities. sure. No, and then

Joe: that point,

Geo: And then at what

point do you, what things

in your environment was able to

Right.

You know?

Joe: You know? Yeah. No.

Hayley: And it’s wild these days too, ’cause kids specialize in sports so early. They

are like, they are going after these goals like the six year olds and the 8-year-old run-

ners of today that are breaking records. Starting that young. And then I feel like also in

[00:32:00] some ways we almost have like. This I don’t know, I guess ath this athlete

Social, structure, right? Because we have athletes that like go to college and, they

do sports there, and often they meet other athletes or, like two

basketball

players, right? Someone

from the WNBA and someone from the NBA. And then they have, they’re kids and

who are even taller and have the benefit of both of those genetic those.

lines. And I do feel like

in some ways

we

33are creating this environment where we are, you know, I guess incentivizing

This fascination. Maybe just this honing

Of

human ability and, in the extremes, right?

Joe: yeah.

And that’s what sells, right? I mean, you’re gonna go and look at it, then you’re

gonna pay good money to watch sports. Then you wanna watch the best of the best

compete. Not

Nick: I have to disagree. I want the worst of the worst.

Joe: there’s, want to see

there’s

Nick: the space jam in the first part.

Joe: Yeah, I think there’s probably

some

something there. you gonna

go to [00:33:00] the rec league and you’ll get your

fill of that for free. You don’t even have to, and I know we’re talking running, but

swimming distance, swimming for, near these long distances.

Looping back to the women versus men. Women also start to outcompete men as

a distance extends in any endurance sport. So, really kind of fascinating, but yeah.

But genetics you mentioned you get, you know, two W-N-B-A-N-B-A player and

they meet, they can have a very short kid with no athletic ability.

Right. Genetics doesn’t quite work out the way we, like, we

Geo: cruel, Mister.

Joe: we’re not engineering yet. We’re not GATTACA level, crisper you know, gene

Nick: you, wait, hold on. We, she does engineering.

34Let’s,

Hayley: extinct animals. Jurassic Park is happening in

Texas

Joe: Well, the thing is

they’re not,

Nick: I can’t wait. I’m going

little bit.

Joe: they’ve not actually brought back an extinct animal. They brought back

things that were close to the extinct animal because they had to like do a little bit of

trickery there to get it [00:34:00] going. So it is, it’s interesting.

Nick: Weren’t they bringing back the dojo bird?

Joe: The dodo bird. They’re trying, I think, but yeah, there’s no,

Geo: that hand waving, ma’am?

Joe: I mean,

Geo: it’s

Joe: so a

it’s

Nick: not ‘

cause it’s happening.

Well,

Joe: like the DNA isn’t all intact, so they gotta like, they kind of, they’re finding

something that’s closely related and then they’re kind of, you know, kind of smudging

the

Hayley: Wait a minute, wait a minute. in Jurassic Park they used, the frog DNA to

fill

in the gap.

35Joe: I,

I

just wanna

say

that is, that was a mistake in that movie because at the beginning of the movie,

now we’re off topic

Nick: Wait. You’re saying they made, mistakes in Jurassic Park.

What? a whole Jurassic

Joe: I’m this. But one in particular was weird because even at the beginning of

film, it’s like, oh, birds evolved from dinosaurs. Great. So, why in the heck are

you

Geo: using

Nick: frog DNA,

Joe: the, to

reconstruct

Geo: they use birds? They

Joe: Spurd?

DNA? I don’t get it.

So that could

have saved them some trouble, but it would, the plot wouldn’t have worked

[00:35:00] probably as Well, having

Geo: they seem to do

Joe: female male, uh, yeah. Of messing things up. Like,

Geo: well, they did a good job of bringing back some

dinosaurs.

Joe: No. All right. That’s a different topic.

36Nick: I have so many things.

to say about Jurassic

Park. Okay, so,

Geo: so,

what kind of

Hayley: the dire wolf. I think

Joe: Yeah, it was a dire wolf.

Hayley: up. The dire wolf. is

Joe: Yeah, that’s right.

Hayley: animal to have been successfully

Joe: Yeah. Yeah. But if you read the details on that, it’s a little, there’s some fudg-

ing in there. Yeah. It’s interesting.

Geo: wa I

was gonna ask what kind of engineering.

do you

Nick: actually the one working on the dire wolves. That’s right. Joe is calling her

out for no reason. I am so sorry about

this. This wasn’t supposed to be a Gotcha. piece.

Joe: is how we

get

Geo: started.

Joe: down.

Hayley: I’m a mechanical engineer, so

I work for the Air Force.

So I test testing

weapons

37Geo: Okay.

Joe: Nice. Are you working on anything fun or are you

Nick: that’s classified?

Joe: no. You know,

Hayley: When I was

younger, when

[00:36:00] I,

was younger, I we tested like, go eights and, missiles was our thing. So it was cool

to,

To do the 30

mil bullets and the

40 mil bullets. So

That was always fun And then when I got.

Then I also tested fuses, which is cool because you put the fuses in like this big,

like Metal.

cylinder and you shoot it out of a canon.

So that’s all.

Joe: So you were like, you’ll be the one attaching the gun to the War Machine, the

Iron Man suit.

Nick: So how far off are we from the Iron Man suit. It should be the

better question.

Hayley: You’re, we’re probably not as

far as

you think, if I had to guess.

Nick: what’s the

Joe: So I mean

38The, in my mind, the farmer and this tethers a little bit, what’s the power source?

Because that’s always, that’s a, because the arc reactor was the hand avium power

source that didn’t generate a lot of heat. It gave out tons of energy. But that we don’t

really have an equivalent or do we?

Hayley: I agree. I don’t see, I don’t think we

have an equivalent.

And actually It’s interesting

when the movie iRobot came out, like back in whenever that was [00:37:00] actu-

ally I come from a family

of engineers, So

all three

of my sisters are engineer. My dad’s an engineer. And

Nick: Oh, damn. Wait, is your mom an engineer too?

Hayley: What’s

Nick: Is your mom an engineer too?

Hayley: Nah,

Nick: No,

Oh, I was gonna say like, did they? Right.

Joe: Yeah.

Hayley: it’s a STEM

family. But yeah, we were talking about the A power source.

right? That That could go around that. And I still don’t think that we have that

battery technology

is advancing. and I think,

You know,

We joke about ai right? And all the

39evils and good evils

that come with that from a creative perspective,

I think that are we definitely

hear a lot about that in the writing. community, But

I

do think that they are, they’re able,

to use AI to look at the optimization for batteries, and I think they are

doing that,

Joe: Yeah. Yeah.

Nick: Which I think is a good idea to use it for like certain things. Ai. Yeah. I

want AI to test that,

but like, I don’t want it to be being the actors in the movies. It’s

Hayley: There is an ethical use of AI.

agreed, and

I hope [00:38:00] it

is to Make our lives.

better.

so that

we can make more art.

Joe: That’s right. Yeah.

Nick: Not having it do the art. Yeah. Degree

Joe: and taxes.

Well, unless you enjoy doing taxes, but

yeah,

Geo: laundry.

Joe: yeah. Or laundry. Yeah.

40Nick: Don’t get me started on

the taxes.

There’s

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: It’s gonna get us shut down.

Joe: No, yeah, no, I meant suit,

Geo: so

Joe: Yeah.

But yeah, no, that’s yeah, that I was thinking about because we, the biomechanical

kind of outfits Aliens, Ripley, , she had the, you know,

get away from

her, you bitch.

Yeah. Yeah.

Nick: oh man,

if only we had video. I did a great

interpretation of this,

Joe: video’s coming soon. And you’ll get to see Nick do whatever he was just do-

ing. Yeah, no, it’s

Geo: and

the, speed walking.

Joe: the, I mean, the other

area where we think about endurance is actually flight and going to other planets

and.

Everything involved in that because we think about going, you know, there’s some

endurance to G-Force things that are applied to your body as you go. But then

[00:39:00] if we think about being in space just your body undergoes in

41A zero G kind of environment. All sorts of losses, muscle loss, mechanical loss.

And then if you’re actually on other planets with different gravities or like our

moon or Mars,

then

Geo: Right.

Joe: your endurance, everything changes. So like I was thinking, like running a

marathon on like the moon would be really wonky ’cause you really wouldn’t run,

you’d be kind of hopping along. Am I right here?

You’re an engineer Usually.

I’m just sub

biologist. So,

Hayley: so it’s, well it’s funny.

so like

into,

so.

my book Into The Turn they do a race, right. That’s

part of it is inspired by, ultra marathoning and

it is what

that’s actually brought up is the level of GForce on the different

planets and how that affects Is,

the people from those planets, you know, their endurance.

And actually

I looked up, I actually, in that journey of doing that, I was looking up what toler-

ance that

humans have,

to live at different GS for a certain amount of

42time. because I don’t know if you guys are ever dragging ball Z

[00:40:00] fans, but like.

Nick: Yes.

Hayley: But like, Viji and Goku, they

train at like three times.

G and

I was like, is that

possible?

Like, and the answer actually really is

no, that humans really cannot survive

very long Outside of one G without external

intervention. We’re just, not made for that. We would Have to alter our bodies in

some way. The bone Density, and I think the show or the book series.

the

Joe: Mm-hmm. That’s right.

Hayley: of showing them altering the

body in order for Them to be able to survive long term in different. G environ-

ments.

Joe: Yep. There’s a lot of, there’s another movie where they were trying to create.

Humans modify human genetics to live on other planets. And conversely living under-

water, like leviathan, like creating humans that can withstand the pressures of deep

sea mining, of rare earth, elements.

So, but yeah, the spacing and it’s just interesting that you go and then what would

happen? So let’s say you train on, a lesser G or a [00:41:00] greater G and then come

back to earth to run.

43Nick: So going from two Gs to one G, is that gonna make you faster? Like, isn’t

that what, sorry? I might be wrong for Superman, Isn’t he in a different, like, coming

from a different amount of Gs?

Joe: We don’t know. I don’t. Actually, I don’t know what the,

Nick: because isn’t that why he could fly and stuff?

Joe: Alright, that’s, hold on. That’s a different, yeah, that’s why he could jump high,

right? That ’cause originally he only could jump. Yeah, really high. He didn’t really fly

Nick: falling with

style.

So

Joe: yeah. So if you’re on, if, I mean if Hayley, maybe you’ve said you’ve done

some reason, but if you’re my mind, biologically, if you’re on a greater g training your

bone density, muscle density, I mean, almost be like very vigorous training with like

backpacks full of weights, like all the time in training there.

So your body would try to adapt to that your lung capacity. So yeah, if you trained

at two G and then came back to one G, you would have [00:42:00] potentially more

endurance, but you probably wouldn’t have more speed. You probably would lose

agility. I mean, in my mind, because you would just, your bone density, your muscle

density, everything.

So usually if you. If you think of a big bodybuilder dude or woman they usually

lack flexibility.

Oh yeah.

And they’re not,

Nick: I know, that for certain, I have a buddy who’s a professional

Joe: I didn’t know

Geo: I was like, wait, a second,

44Nick: He can’t reach. his back.

Joe: Yeah. So,

so

that

Nick: would

be Jared martin, go ahead and look him up and give him all the hell in the world.

Joe: You hear

that out there.

Um, tell him Nick sent you. but yeah. Is that, I mean, Hayley, does that sound right

Hayley: Yeah, that that sounds right to me.

So, so in my book I did, so that’s actually one of the reasons why the main charac-

ter has an advantage is that she did grow up on a on a

planet that

had

A higher G and

then she came to this planet

with, that had a lower G that has this race. So that’s one of the advantages that

she does bring, and for her it is a high, she’s a, she’s kind of a hybrid. ’cause She

has also spent like [00:43:00] five years in this new environment as well, which has giv-

en her the ability to adapt. So I think,

I mean.

I love

That idea of doing that. But it’s funny ’cause I think humans are

so

much more like goldfish than we really want to admit that we are where we cannot

survive outside of these very limited super conditions.

45Because I mean, even

when we talk about diving, right? You just talked about

diving and like, So I’ve

I’ve done

some dives,

Myself and I have a lot

of friends that dive and, I mean, the

bends is just,

Joe: yeah, that’s right.

Hayley: So That’s like where, you know, you come up too fast. From how I think. I

think that’s like what

Anything below 60 feet and you have to, you usually have to hang out at around

15 feet to give your, for like a couple minutes to give your body time to

acclimate before you

go up.

And if you don’t, you get the Bends, which can be very life threatening.

Nick: Wait, can you go ahead and explain the bends?

Hayley: What’s that?

Nick: Can you go ahead and explain what that is?

Hayley: So

I think I’m trying to think, I’m trying to think of the the science behind it other than

the

pressure [00:44:00] on your

brain

and like the

Nick: oh

46Hayley: your brain it me it messes

Joe: yeah. It’s like nitrogen bubbles in your blood that cannot escape. So it, They

can’t be safely exhaled. So you get all sorts of joint pain, dizziness, all of the air spaces

in your body just are extremely

Hayley: It can get like in your joint,

Joe: Yeah. So, right.

Hayley: joints, in your brain,

and like, and it

can kill you. It can last a

lifetime.

It can. So, and it’s

kind of wild, Right, because we do diving for fun, but it is like, it is super. danger-

ous and We’re not even going that far down. Right? Like humans can only safely go

like, you know,

our.

I mean, if you go any further than a hundred feet, then

you’re, you can Only, stay down there, right? There’s a whole table. So if you dive,

there’s a whole day table for how deep you go and how long you could stay.

and if you’re going to about

a hundred feet, you can only stay for about five to 10 minutes before you have

to start,

your at a set up.

So when we’re talking about doing Gs, like we can’t even, we can’t even

[00:45:00] go a hundred feet down,

Joe: yeah,

Geo: no,

47Joe: we’re, I mean we’re designed for, we’re not extremophiles. So that’s, we

are

Geo: Wow.

Nick: y’all are really shoving that

in.

Joe: If you have your drinking game card and that’s it, extremophiles.

Nick: So wait, why do whales get to go up and down? Like, do they have some-

thing in them that allows them to. Go to such depths and then come right back up.

Joe: They don’t usually, they, when they dive, they usually don’t, in my under-

standing, I’m not I’m not a whale biologist, but my understanding is when they dive

they continue to dive, and then when they ascend they actually ascend slowly back to

the surface. But yeah, I don’t know if they make quick

that jetting because of

Geo: because of that very thing.

Nick: So

they’re they’re not just going down. grabbing something and

Joe: no, but I would’ve to look that up and put that in the show notes, but I, unless

Hayley, do you know, I mean, I

Nick: sorry, I didn’t mean to interrupt you there, Hayley

either.

Hayley: I’m not I’m actually not sure

Joe: I think when they, I think when they [00:46:00] dive, like they don’t, once they

start diving, they they continue their descent and then when they ascend, they kind of

yeah.

Yeah. I don’t think it’s a quick, if

Hayley: If I had to, guess too, I would assume that.

48their girth also

provides some protection that they’re just

a Little less fragile, but

I bet that’s just a

Joe: yeah. The cardiovascular system could be a little different. They probably to

ascend, they have to use, air sacks. I’m trying to think of modifications they would

have that would be special for them to their boy that, to control their buoyancy.

Hayley: Yeah.

I think we, if we were truly to go to another planet, or even for long-term space,

flight, I actually,

think that a suit would, and once again in, in my

book, they also have

suits that help them to acclimate. That I think a suit to, to assist your body like, like

an exoskeleton to adapt Would be helpful.

Joe: Would the suit be integrated? Like, so would it be kind of like a cyborg kind

of thing? Would it integrate into. You know, or would just be truly external? Or do

[00:47:00] you think it would become part of the human to actually to have neurologi-

cal control, have all these kind of features?

Hayley: That’s a good question.

It is funny because

I

feel like

as an it’s tough because like, I

feel like, you know,

It’s funny ’cause when

I think

49one of the, one

of the things

that I think will become a thing in the future is like a chip, right? Like, oh, eventual-

ly that will have it a

chip in some, you know, that we’re able to implant some way in our brain to ac-

cess essentially the internet, right. And information and in a, at a thought speed. How-

ever, and I think that technology would be better if it was implanted.

However, I think that you’re gonna run up against the willingness of people to per-

manently modify their body with technology in a way that they don’t have. a control

over and they don’t understand.

’cause then I think you’re going to get into a lot of the cons, conspiracy and

And paranoia.

Nick: The subscription fees and all that.

Joe: You know,

Money seems to [00:48:00] be a driver, so I’m sure there’s people that are now,

you know, there’s companies that you know, oh, if you implant mag chips to open

doors and things. So there are people who are doing that at particular companies.

So I think there are people who are biohacking themselves. So I think there will be

a

group of people who jump in to the deep end and to see what happens.

Hayley: That’s just kind wild too, because, I mean, then you’re talking about the

obsolescence of technology, so you’re talking about having to update and then you

know,

you talk about having to insert

Joe: Can you be hacked? I mean, what’s the hacking, what’s your all these kind of,

yeah, no, I think once you start to.

50Biomechanically alter yourself. And then

Nick: I think cyberpunk, 2077 ends up talking about that. Where you’re able to

hack other people. Right, And it’s like, oh Now we’re that, that’s a good possibility.

Now that’s stuck in my head.

Joe: No, I think you right. I think you’d have that in it.

Would you take control of someone or can you control ’em? Can you run ’em like

a drone then essentially [00:49:00] for your work hours you’re just gonna be biome-

chanically, , running an ultra marathon.

Nick: Well, even with heart monitors and

stuff, if that, stuff can be hacked, then Like,

you can end that person’s life pretty easily.

Joe: The, like bio quantum and things like that, where now you’re using quantum

technology and quantum sensors that can go in and do monitoring of your biological

activity inside.

So as you are doing these things, as you are trying to push the limits of your hu-

man condition you’re getting instant feedback. It’s not even delayed, like where you

gotta, oh, do blood draws or temperature? No, it’s just, second by second you’re get-

ting a readout of core temperature of pH of all these kind of factors that are control-

ling.

And then can you actually modify it? So can we take someone, run ’em on the

treadmill, get this information, and they go, okay, here’s what you need now to be

modified. Genetically and to be compatible with your bio mechanical suit. [00:50:00]

Right. So that’s, that would be the ultimate, where you’re really like, so we’re headed

towards personalized medicine.

What about personalized, bio modifications both genetically and mechanically

Hayley: That’s always like, where it gets

51so Scary for me because

like I, when I think about that, of course.

at first I think the cost, right?

And So then of course. you

Joe: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm.

Hayley: all of These

technologies would be for the extremely rich. And then

you would think, well, okay then what kind of like case are we creating?

In which case we

have, I mean, so I, the

The show with the evil superheroes, Why is it

not coming

The Boys?

so right. It’s like,

so

I mean, then it’s okay, if we have this case of very rich bio modified people, you

know, it’s like,

how

does.

that gonna

Affect.

us as a

society?

Is like what? So that’s where it gets wild for,

me,

is how that,

52Joe: yeah. I mean, you have the movie Repo Man,

Nick: Yes

Joe: the Forest Whitaker one. But where they had artificial organ, mechanical, bio-

mechanical organs that [00:51:00] people were getting, and then if they couldn’t

make the payments, then they had to, the repo men would come and repossess their

heart or liver or whatever organ was put in.

So yeah, it was, it’s a, actually, if you haven’t seen, is a really great movie, has a re-

ally twisty end at the end. So, but that, that plays that dilemma out. Like what happens

when, you’re buying modifications like. Used car,

Nick: Well, then you also get the black market that opens up with that, right.

Like

Doing underground modifications. And it’s like how safe is that gonna be? And

then gets real sketchy.

Joe: Yeah. Especially if you, I mean, like I said, you include the biomechanical,

Nick: can’t wait to do this episode

Joe: and you go and you have that, so, yeah. No, so it is very, and then you’re

right.

Then, the ultra wealthy they’ll get theirs and then you’ll have people doing it for

work. Like, are you need to be an underwater miner. So you need these modifications

to be successful at your work, but that means you won’t be able to live on [00:52:00]

land unless you, we take it away. After you earn so much, right?

So you start to set up these

Nick: paying the company. back.

Joe: That’s right. Yeah. We gave you these modifications, you’ve made money and

now you need to pay to have them undone. To start a normal

Nick: sounds like the Waylon corporation.

53Joe: Yeah. There you

Hayley: Or Yeah.

Or you can even go, I mean, kind of bringing us back to

like the bi the bio designing, right? Like there are, I know there are a couple books

out there, like the one of them I think of is the House of the Scorpion, where they use

clones,

right? Where They’re

growing these clones for the very purpose

of using their organs as

Joe: Right,

Hayley: For their original hosts.

But then if you

start Thinking, about, well, if we’re gonna go down this path, of, you know, this

thought path of the clones, Then you could start thinking of, well, are we, go, can we

alter the genetic makeup of a clone? Is it easier rather than to alter someone that’s al-

ready grown? Or is it easier to you know, adjust those embryos in in, in the beginning

Joe: Yep. Yep.

Hayley: Grow [00:53:00] specialized Mm-hmm.

space, or to go to the deep.

Joe: Yeah, that right. And that’s where I think their the movie I mentioned

Leviathan, but that was The Deep Sea one. It was a b horror movie, but one, one of my

favorites where, but they put the gene modification.

In

the vodka that they weren’t supposed to drink.

54Like they found it on some Russian UNK ship, and then they brought it back, and

then they started turning into these weird sea creature things. So yeah. No. Did you

see Leviathan?

Nick: No. I don’t think I have.

I feel like, that’s going on my list though.

Joe: it should be. Yeah. It’s got

Nick: it sounds familiar, like Peter,

Joe: is it Peter Wells, the Robocop actor?

He’s the main guy in it. And yeah. That was part of my childhood. And then it, I was

thinking of the book never Let Me Go. That was the one. Yes, that was it. Yeah. Yeah.

So, and they were growing clone.

You

were cloned at birth and then your clone was living a life, but it didn’t know it was

the replacement.

For some counterpart,

Geo: we need that heart. Sorry.

Joe: Yeah,

that’s [00:54:00] right. Yeah. No, that, that’s

exactly what it was. So, yeah, no yeah, and I just recently finished watching Firefly,

the

Nick: Yes,

Joe: and there was the last, was it the last episode where they had the or no, the

Geo: next are you gonna spoil it?

Joe: well, they just had a, the guy that was there, he was transporting organs.

So they were growing the organs in him, and then they were they would then, they

would go deliver ’em, then they would put his original organs back in. So they were

55like gene modified organs. That had to be transported in the living human. And so

they had live human mules running organs. So yeah. Yeah, you’re getting all these

weird,

Geo: that sounds like a fun, job.

Joe: Yeah, that’s right.

Yeah. All right. So we’ve touched a lot, I think of The bleak biomechanical future.

Nick: I mean, I do have one more question.

Joe: Go for it.

Nick: Have you thought about like actually putting together the suits that you

made for your book?

Hayley: Oh

my gosh. [00:55:00] I think, you know what’s funny, I

always used to say that the bioengineers and chemical engineers were like the

most difficult engineering because you were, like, I, don’t know. There’s just some-

thing about

taking

the bio part of science and Putting,

it

together. with engineering.

That was just

blew my mind. So that’s definitely not my area

expertise. ’cause like

in,

in my book. The suits that they have

The way.

56that they explain that the energy is they actually harvest the energy from the body.

So as

long as You’re continuing to,

replace the energy like that, you’re, that you’re expending

Nick: oh, like Jason Statham and Crank, is that Crank?

Joe: I don’t know. Maybe

I didn’t.

Hayley: that one,

Nick: I think that’s the one.

Is where he has to keep his heart rate going.

up,

Joe: Yeah. That is Crank. That’s that. That’s the line. Yeah. Yeah. I, no one ever does

photosynthesis. That’s a very efficient

Nick: I’m so sorry.

I didn’t mean to compare you to that. movie. I don’t know if you

Hayley: good. I know that humans, we

usually think

about how much

energy that

that we

expend, that we just have, you know,

are essentially

these Human batteries, right?

And If we could harness

our Energy

[00:56:00] and in,

57in some kind of and the suit could take advantage of that along with the nanana.

I think I have

a nanana, it’s made of

naite lattice, which actually probably does exist somewhere like, but Having to

make that biomechanical

link with the suit I think would be the tough part.

And also

in my book, we, they actually, they have these gogs that also links in. Once again

there it’s a it is like the chip that I described earlier that I thought is

One day gonna have. But it’s removable because I think, you know, that

people

like

to try to,

preserve their autonomy in some

ways, and

that linking

the thought to the suit

as well,

Is an amazing technology that I think is still belongs in science fiction, but would

be

Nick: Hell yeah.

Hayley: I.

Joe: Definitely. Yeah.

Cool.

Nick: Any last questions, Joe?

58Joe: I think that’s that’s it because it will, it’ll just keep going , we’ll just keep talk-

ing about stuff. ’cause Yeah. You raised that point, but now they’re doing things. With

folks who are amputees that are getting prosthetic limbs, they’re reconnecting those

back into their, [00:57:00] brain and then using AI to filter noise out to make the signal

very pure and controllable.

So that’s that’s now that’s, now technology not even sci-fi in there. So, yeah, no

some, so there’s cool things like that where, , it’s not pushing the body to extreme, but

you I think when I think about that you could start imagining a world where people

make decisions about removing their natural born limbs.

To replace it with a biomechanical limb that has some special feature, doesn’t feel

pain can have incredible grip strength. It doesn’t fail. So will people start making that

decision based on, , I have the money, I have the resources. You know what? I really

don’t, I don’t want a left arm, normal biological left arm.

I want the carbon fiber, nano lattice, mechanical arm. They now can plug that into

your brain. It’s not controlled by another chip it’s still you. You have a filtering device

or whatever that is, it’s tuned to you. [00:58:00] Okay. Get that off. And now you have

this extremely powerful, limb attached to your body that I can do incredible things.

Or will sport be that I want to be a basketball player? Okay, modify my legs, my

arms. Okay.

Nick: Now

I’d watch sports if that

was the case,

Geo: Well you

don’t get to watch. a modify,

Joe: that’s right.

Nick: No. I want them to be who

59wants straight up modified.

Joe: it. No,

so I think you could start thinking of this thing like pitchers, like I can throw now

ball 200 miles per hour.

’cause I’ve, you know, ’cause I’m making a hundred million dollars a year. That was

worth it to me to replace my arm to get, you know, so

Geo: that, but then there may be restrictions.

Right right.

Nick: None. I’d want

Joe: Nick will not be allowed to get, that’s the restriction.

Number one

Nick: No,

Geo: he won’t be allowed to compete if you have a bio,

Joe: Hayley, you got, looks like you’re,

Hayley: I mean, it’s just, it, is amazing ’cause I mean, there are even

today, there are leg lengthening

procedures. I mean, I know that people can

go and get, leg tion, and when we talk about,

enhancing

the human body,

I mean steroids, right? I mean, there are, there people take

[00:59:00] steroids And that is essentially,

you know, a, an enhancing drug that has costs.

But that obviously that, that people take. And whenever we

talk about those big technologies. I think it is amazing. I think people don’t realize

the

60amount of technology

and the futuristic things that do

exist right now.

And

The hurdles that

are,

that the reason that we don’t hear about.

them as much as, you know, we probably would like to, except on those, you

know, on the extreme is trying to make them producible, right?

That they’re trying to make

it Producible and affordable. and like that. I think That’s like the really, like, oh, it’s

always like the drag part of,

being an engineer is that you’re like,

oh, you know, here’s, this, like, we could

do all these amazing things.

It’s like, okay, well, can you make more? than one?

Joe: And

Nick: you

make Where it doesn’t cost Yeah,

exactly.

Geo: Right.

Hayley: Right.

Geo: realistic.

Yeah.

Joe: Yeah. I was gonna mention that I feel like we can’t have an episode without

mentioning kind of the birth or the idea of the marathon In Greek mythology in . Fip

61Nick: is

this, the first mention of a marathon? [01:00:00]

Joe: it was, see that, that ran a marathon at Anthems to develop, to deliver the vic-

tory message. And then he, and he died when he did that run.

So that’s that was the marathon. And it was supposed to be like 26.2 miles or, and

that was the distance, but he ran from Marathon Anthem, so that became the

marathon. So yeah, so.

Nick: have

you ran that amount, right? Like

Joe: she’s ran ultra

Nick: So

that’s what I’m saying, like

it

Joe: more than that

Nick: She’s doubled that

like.

Hayley: So, so I have run 26.2, but

I think it’s really interesting too, because there is an

ultra marathon in Greece that runs the route that he was

supposed to run,

And I,

for whatever reason, it’s way more than 26.2. It’s like, I think it’s like 125

Miles or something.

Even the Greek mythology, right? It is 26 point 20.

But, and, but They say, you know,

the, they say

62this was the route that he ran. It was actually,

a hundred and like 25,

and you have to do it in a ridiculous amount of time. It’s like 40. It’s like

It’s like 20, 20 hours ’cause it is supposed to be in the [01:01:00] amount of time

that he ran it.

And

if

I’ll have to

I’ll send you,

I’ll send you the link

To

this race ’cause it is wild. And yes, when I look at that, I’m like, yeah, I can see how

someone would die.

Because you’re also not talking about running

on roads, right.

Joe: That’s right. Yeah. That was,

Hayley: Greek

wilderness.

Joe: There was no yeah, no nicely paved streets. That

Nick: running from a bear a little bit, you know,

Joe: running from those dinosaurs, Jurassic Park, get that , you’re not running that

poorly constructed, genetically constructed dinosaurs wreck. So just let’s keep that in

mind.

When those dodos come back, they’re

Nick: I can’t wait.

you.

63I’m getting one as a pet.

Joe: Yeah. I don’t wanna mess with those birds.

Leave those birds

alone. Okay. I think that’s all I got. All right. I mean, I got more, but that’s all we got

time

Nick: We can keep going, but

Joe: I

could

Nick: going.

Joe: It’s a fun, yeah.

Cool.

Nick: But

so what

is the one movie that you think would use, should use more running in it? Like

Joe: there’s more

Nick: if,[01:02:00]

All right, so let me propose

this one better. question

running would be the answer in this situation for a movie like Jurassic Park, run-

ning away from them for a long time is gonna get you away from them, like

Joe: it’s gonna get you eaten.

Nick: Is it?

Joe: I think so,

yeah.

Nick: I think,

Geo: what do you mean? Like a zombie movie? That’s

64probably a good one.

to run

Nick: probably, I mean, it

follows is the first one that comes to mind. You know

Joe: Jason part six, the ultra marathoner, and he just follows you the whole thing.

Like he

Nick: He’s

trying to get me.

Hayley: So like, ’cause I mean in like in stuff like you know, world War Z,

you know. the zombies are Like super. supercharged

Nick: Those are, Joe’s

favorite. Those

are Joe’s

favorite zombie.

Joe: Don’t

get me started on fast zombies unless you’re biomechanically engineering them.

They’re not fast. You so

I wanted to

Nick: get started Nope. Nope.

no. because, and I’m

you can keep going.

Let’s just point that

Joe: the zombie in a [01:03:00] decay state cannot be faster than the living state.

I just find that hard to believe. So that’s it. Unless all those zombies were Hussein

Bolt before they turn to zombies,

they

65shouldn’t be running that fast. You know? It. So

Hayley: yeah, they can’t be decaying. They have to be rabid. It has to be rabid hu-

mans of

Joe: that’s, I would go if it’s like the, if 28 days later rage virus. ’cause they weren’t

technically, I mean, some were, I mean, it was a

Nick: weird

Yeah, it’s,

Joe: Yeah.

It was, they, it was fast and loose. Who was dead and who was just kind of infected

and angry. I will say that, but you shouldn’t be running full speed like that there,

there’s all sorts of problems. But there

Hayley: there is so there’s a Nike, there was an old Nike commercial where.

like Jason or someone was

coming after her And she just started running and she was running so far that Ja-

son just got tired and gave up. And like,

I honestly think if in any ghost movie where like the house is haunted and anything

where there’s a

guy in the house, like my solution is to run out of the house.

Joe: Yes. [01:04:00]

Nick: Right.

Geo: Right.

Joe: That’s probably

Nick: it’s a good,

instinct.

Geo: Yes.

Right.

66Joe: Yes. And your fight or flight will kick in, you know, you’ll break through any in-

visible walls and make it through.

Yeah.

Nick: Well, Thank you for being here with us.

It’s absolutely great.

Joe: Have any things you wanna plug? Any events, books, your

Nick: marathons

Joe: of your many books, your series? You got a couple, so do you wanna quickly,

Hayley: just wanna say thanks so much for having me. It’s been

a, it’s been a wonderful conversation. I’ve really enjoyed,

it. I always love talking science fiction. I

am, once again, I am a I.

have a science sci-fi series out, it’s called Into the Churn. It’s a completed series.

It’s about a girl an that she’s trying to save her mom’s terraforming lab by

entering this deadly.

race through a planet of storms.

And

It’s a lot of fun.

I usually pitch it as

like, hunger Games meets Twister, meets like Rogue One. So

it’s a good time if you’re interested

in something like that Into the Turn. Like I said, include series is out now,

so I really, once again, really appreciate being on the

Joe: Definitely. And congratulations. Right? I saw in Publisher’s Marketplace you

had [01:05:00] a,

Hayley: Yeah.

67So I Also,

have a

a very

Quirky young adult paranormal that we pitched as.

Adam’s Family

meets

Gilmore Girls meets like

Spirited away. That’s coming from Charlesburg

publishing.

but not till

Joe: Seven. Yeah. Cool.

Nick: We’ll have to get you back on for that when that comes out.

Exactly. Right? Love So you’ve,

I’m on my, first watch

through.

Joe: Yeah. I’ve watched Gilmore Girls a couple times. I’m on my second or third

watch.

I don’t know. But yeah, so. Awesome. Well, no, thanks for coming on. This was a

great conversation. I don’t always like running, but it was fun talking about it, so,

Nick: I

mean,

Geo: I’d

Nick: can’t say I I huge on running, but I think I might try to pick it up again.

Joe: Yeah, gotta do it. Let’s

Nick: Georgia, we’re gonna do a marathon.

Right?

68Joe: know what I

always wanna do, I’m not

sure.

Geo: maybe a walk the, race,

Joe: one of the

races I wanted to do, I had it on my race, like bucket list some years ago, but they

have these multi state city races. Like, so there was one where you run from Madison,

[01:06:00] Wisconsin to Chicago, and then there’s a route and it’s a overnight race

and you have a team of like five people and you usually match up the people, you

know, if someone’s really good at running hills for, 10 miles, 20 miles, and they run

that section and it, there’s a following van that you know has bandaids and,

Geo: I’ll drive the van. yeah,

Joe: I, and there’s a few, like the one, but there was a, the one that went from I, I

think Miami to the Keys and you run the final leg is the run out onto the, you know,

across the bridge onto the keys you know, and so, and there was one on the Pacific

Northwest and I was like, oh, I gotta get a team and do this.

And so, but I never found the other. Five people the Adidas with, so,

Geo: I don’t think,

Joe: am,

you don’t count me in,

so, but no it’s a cool,

Nick: I mean, maybe if I get really hi Joe, I can try. We’ll have to see.

Joe: Yeah. So, okay, that’s something fun. I’ll put that, I’ll put in the show notes if

anybody wants to

do

Nick: that.

69Joe: Cool.

All right, well you have me, Joe [01:07:00] here.

Nick: You got Nick.

Joe: got Nick,

Geo: Georgia,

Joe: you’ve got Georgia.

Nick: And we ran down some holes,

Joe: Oh, really long. Way down these holes.

Nick: runny holes.

Bye-bye.

Cheers.