Episode 48: Perception vs Perspective.

Is Your Brain Lying to You?

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Joe: [00:00:00] Hey, welcome back to the Rabbit Hole of Research down here in the basement studio.

got me, Joe,

Georgia: You

Joe: you got Nick. We’ve got Nick. We’ve got Georgia, and we actually have a special guest with us.

Nick: well, hello there. Hello.

Joe: yeah. Yeah.

Katie: My name’s Katie.

Joe: We got Katie. Hello. Katie.

Katie: Coming all the way from Dc

Joe: From DC to the basement studio.

We got a full house here. Yeah. Every Mike’s occupied, so

Nick: is it? Yeah,

Joe: There’s a, there’s a fifth mic,

Nick: I was like, I thought we had more

Joe: We There are more, but that this is all we have set up in the basement studio. People that’ve seen pictures

Nick: I mean, I thought the fifth mic was given to the ghost

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: we had summoned

Joe: That’s right. Last, last month. Yeah.

Nick: I

Joe: Whatcha talking about? I don’t know what Nick’s talking about the other day we’re

Nick: It’s okay

Joe: talk about perception and perspective.

Nick: Georgia got [00:01:00] that one,

Joe: So that’s what we’re talking about. So, yeah. Cool.

Nick: Do you, do you have a list here, Joe?

Katie: I,

Joe: you know, I have lists, but I like going in with the definition ’cause perception and perspective.

They’re kind of sound close. So maybe I, I’ll,

Nick: I’m pretty sure we also had the same discussion

between

you, me and Georgia

Joe: have been one of the few

Georgia: Well, because I think I had the one word, I think now I don’t remember which one. And then all of a sudden I’m like, wait, no, that’s not what we’re doing. We’re doing perception, not perspective.

And then Nick was like, yeah, well what’s the difference?

Katie: Yeah. Yeah.

Georgia: So here, Joe, tell us. Yes.

Joe: So I

Georgia: do,

Katie: Oh,

Georgia: should we have, Katie, do you wanna tell us where you like where?

Katie: don’t know.

Georgia: I don’t

Joe: Didn’t she do that already? I

Georgia: say Washington dcs. Nevermind. Sorry.

Katie: It’s all good.

Joe: don’t, I don’t know what’s happening.

Nick: I, I dunno,

Katie: Dunno, my

Joe: perspective of this is, no, it’s just your percept. Let me, lemme get some definitions here. [00:02:00] We’re already in the episode. Yeah, so perception I guess, is the process of interpreting sensory information. The immediate, often unconscious filtering of sensory data through which we view the world influenced by biology, attention, memory, and context. You can think of it as, what am I seeing or what am I aware of? 

Perspective is the interpretive framework or worldview applied to what we perceive influenced by beliefs, culture, experience, and ideology. Think, how do I understand or interpret what I see. 

Other ways to think about it. If you’re more computer literate, is that perception is the hardware, the senses gather data, but they are imperfect, easily tricked and biased and perspective is a software, your mental framework interpreting the sensory feed.

And a play between your perception and perspective is where tension and really good stories can lie .

Nick: How do you mean?

Joe: Well, I mean, so one of the easiest ways is just if you think about you have a shift in your perception, [00:03:00] so new data, oh, altered states, things like that, then that will start creating tension in the story as the protagonist is going through and us as readers or viewers going through that story with them and interpreting the data on our own versus how the characters, , 

Six sense.

That’s, we can go there. It’s a very easy one. I mean,

Georgia: don’t spoil it.

Nick: Wait, what’s this movie about Joe? I don’t think I’ve seen it. What

Georgia: not,

Joe: It’s about a kid that sees dead people. Yeah, that’s, that’s kind of it. But yeah, you had that in there where , we had the perception of what was happening and what we thought was happening, what the character thought was happening, and then you, you, and along we were making perceptive kind of judgments about the story, and that tension was building, trying to figure out what was going on.

And then you get at the end, you get that nice twist where, oh, everything

Georgia: more information.

Katie: right. You

Joe: that different information. So I think that’s one way that you could set it up. And there’s a number of movies that Yeah. That do not go. Yep.

Georgia: Oh. Speaking of writing and [00:04:00] books and how this is, falls into that is point of view, you know, and that’s your perspective, right?

So a book could have several point of views in the same book. How you look at and you’re looking at the same

Joe: situation. Yes. Yep.

Georgia: yeah, yeah. I can

Nick: Yeah, I can see that.

Joe: Mm-hmm.

Katie: My first thought was art, like maybe it’s ’cause I was staring at the Gallery of art as I was like doing research for this.

But yeah, I then I ended up pulling up a few books about like perception and art and I went too deep. So many notes

Joe: you went deep down a

Georgia: is good.

Katie: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Yep. Pulled out some children’s books about perception, such as I Hear A Pickle. It’s a great book. If you haven’t read it. I don’t

Georgia: I don’t know if I’ve heard that

Nick: that

Georgia: one.

Nick: Where did you pull these out of? I’m sorry.

Katie: The public library. Okay. Mm-hmm. Of

Joe: public

Nick: to make sure

Katie: the thing I work at. Oh, okay.

Nick: okay. Yeah.

Joe: So this is the second episode. We’ve had two librarians on

Nick: I know. This is

Joe: this. Is it? Yeah. So,

Nick: It’s like

Joe: trying to think

Nick: to support librarians or something.

Georgia: the [00:05:00] best.

Nick: best.

Katie: We know what we’re doing.

Joe: what was the other episode that

Georgia: It was Mary. Yeah.

Joe: I know. What, what was the topic? Not who, right? Multiverse. Oh, multiverse, yeah. Perception

Nick: of them

Katie: them.

Nick: how?

Georgia: of very similar in that

Joe: Yeah. I, I was trying to remember. I, I knew who was on it was like, what, you know, I, I knew Mary’s name. It was

Georgia: what was the topic? Yeah, multi.

Joe: Yeah, because the board doesn’t go back that far. 

Georgia: Was season one wasn’t that. Season one.

Joe: it was the,

Nick: see my, wasn’t it Version of time does not add up

Georgia: that not, is that not what you perceived?

Joe: not, yeah. Right. You’re not your perception of,

Nick: I don’t know. When I am, apparently Georgia.

Katie: What year is it? 

Nick: Who am

I? What am

Mm-hmm.

am I,

Joe: What am I seeing? Yeah.

Georgia: What were some of the other books that you,

Nick: Hmm.

Katie: No Shade to the author of this book. [00:06:00] But I was reading something called Key to Perception, and it was a little like woo woowee for me. And it just like I’m, I will say like I scanned this book mostly and like they really got into the weeds of I don’t know, it’s like kind of like witch adjacent and I’m like, you go girl.

But this is not what I was expecting when I was, when it was like the

Georgia: It was like, it was

Katie: was Yeah. Key to perception. I’m like, oh, oh,

Georgia: a different rabbit hole altogether.

Katie: yeah, yeah. That of spiritual. At one point I was reading about

Nick: is that why you were telling, telling me

telling me that? 

Katie: Yeah. That’s why I texted you that the yeah, I got weird, weird thing.

At one point she was talking about end toning of E I OOs dunno if you’ve ever heard of that. Apparently it’s like a breathing technique that you’re supposed to like get, get your perception going and like into the spiritual world. I don’t know. I know too much about this now. Oh, wow. Yeah.

Joe: There you go.

Georgia: e

Nick: Where is the science in this one?

Joe: yeah, I know, I

Katie: I know. 

Nick: Can you bring science to this?

Katie: to

Joe: that in the show notes. No, I got nothing but no Eio os

Nick: it[00:07:00] 

Georgia: I actually,

Joe: like something else.

Georgia: actually, it reminds me of like, when I was an undergraduate, one of the first years, like it might have even been the first year and I was at A SU and it was a huge. Seminar class and it was like human sexuality 1 0 1. And the guy that taught it was like, I’m serious.

I think he was like 80 years old.

Katie: Same. I had someone,

Joe: fun

Georgia: And he’d been teaching it for many years, but he had the ooh, ah, yeah. Method. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Yeah, it was very

Nick: what is it specific, I,

Georgia: If you’re enjoying something, you wanna you know, let ’em know. So you say, Ooh, ah,

Joe: and that would, that would affect the,

Nick: What? That

Joe: would be the perception that you’re enjoying it and the perspective. Then the other person would’ve, their perspective, just so that, that would fit into your perception and perspective. 

Katie: Mm-hmm. 

Joe: Mm-hmm.

Georgia: It’s about communication. Communication. Unless

Joe: you’re faking, and then that’s a,

Nick: wait, so what are we talking about now? I’m sorry.

Joe: we’re [00:08:00] talking about perception and perspective and how easily your senses can be fooled.

Georgia: And very

Joe: by saying Ooh and ah,

Georgia: there’s some very scientific Ooh, ah, research.

Joe: ooh, ah, research.

Nick: need to get into this research.

Joe: Well,

Nick: How do I find this?

Do

get a suit at the end?

Joe: Yeah, you, you’ll get a suit. Yeah. You get, you get something. I don’t know.

Katie: No, at the end, you actually get feeling the presence of spirits and energies.

Georgia: Woo.

I

Nick: I mean,

Katie: ew on and you’ll get there. Always. Mm-hmm. Yeah. 

Joe: Don’t, did you got anybody do that? The dress thing? The dress challenge?

Georgia: Oh yeah. What color

Joe: and it was like one was blue or gold or was it something like that.

Katie: like that. White

Nick: gold, right? Or black and gold.

Katie: thought it was gold. I don’t know. I thought it was blue and gold.

Nick: Maybe. I don’t

Joe: perception that was the same idea. Your perception and perspective shifted what you are preloaded to think dictated what color you would see

Katie: [00:09:00] mm-hmm.

In the

Joe: dress.

And so, but then that led to all these debates over truth and identity, , generational divides. , it was really fascinating. That was like 2015

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Joe: when that was big. So one of the, not maybe one of the early kind of internet phenomenons

Nick: I kind of forgot about that. I feel like

Joe: Yeah, that

Nick: that happened so long

Joe: Yeah.

Georgia: Yeah.

Katie: I had a resurgence recently, but it was like something else similar. Yeah. Like in the last year. Yeah.

Joe: But the Harlem, 

Katie: globetrotters.

Joe: didn’t come out.

Georgia: The Harlem Shake. What does that have to do? What? I

Joe: I don’t know. It was like the same time.

Nick: talking about,

Katie: Oh my God. Yeah.

Georgia: Harlem

Nick: No.

Joe: never remember.

Nick: What’s the

Georgia: where they

Joe: to do one and it was

Georgia: You’re like video. And then,

Joe: and it was a perception and perspective. Yeah. Where you go and you’re doing one thing and then the music shifts and then all of a sudden Yeah.

Georgia: to you

Joe: know, yeah, there’s,

Georgia: everybody’s like dancing.

Joe: the beginning scene, there’s one person that’s kind of in frenetically in motion, and other people in the scene are like frozen in time.

And then as the song goes it, I think it drops the [00:10:00] beat or something like that. And then the screen blacks out and when it comes back on, the person who was in motion is still, and then everyone is just

Georgia: everybody’s

Joe: nuts around them.

Katie: Everybody,

Joe: It’s, they’re really fun. I mean, you never, you never,

Katie: you know, yeah. I don’t,

Georgia: you miss that.

Joe: it was, it was easily 10.

I mean, it was, you know, and then gun style was like, came right out. It was like all in this

Katie: I know, you know, some of these

Joe: of Yeah,

Nick: know Gunna style.

Joe: Yeah. Harlem Shakes was, yeah, it was the, it was like one early YouTube kind of, you know,

Nick: you have a video of you doing it, Joe?

Georgia: No, but he

Nick: I mean,

Joe: I really, really wanted to do one.

We could do one, like a Rabbit Hole of Research.

Georgia: I’m,

Nick: I am.

Joe: It’d be our first video. That’s it. We’re bringing it back. Oh yeah.

Nick: this something that needs to come

Joe: It was still like, I mean like a vine. I mean, remember Vine? I mean the Vines, like you would have those Yeah. No, that was in that same

Katie: see

Nick: was never in Vine.

Joe: Yeah.

Katie: I wasn’t, I watched the like YouTube.

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: compilations.

Katie: it. Yeah. I

Joe: was there at the original vibes though.[00:11:00] 

Georgia: I

Joe: I made a vine, a couple vines, I think at a coffee shop.

Nick: Oh

Georgia: yeah.

Joe: that’s,

Katie: what

Nick: Was that part of the oohs and ahs, I’m sorry,

Joe: No, there was no, not,

Nick: the guttal, right? Yeah. Groan. Oh.

Joe: I, I think easy, easy. Two easy move movies,

Georgia: You okay there?

Joe: His, his perception has changed. We’ve, I will, I’ll comment on this, that the basement studio is, is currently under some sort of renovation.

Georgia: All you did was shift the table a little.

Joe: That’s, that’s enough to change

Katie: threw Nick off.

Joe: right?

Nick: throwing me off

Joe: perspective is now shifted and so Nick and in a new spot and, and I think it’s all gonna change again ’cause we are really trying to get ready for video. So the, a little aside on this episode and then you can see our perspective and of

Georgia: no. Well, they would [00:12:00] see their perspective of us.

Of us,

Joe: this is

Georgia: right?

Joe: deep. Well

Nick: them see what we want

them,

see. Okay.

Joe: Your perspective will be controlled. , but I was thinking two. Examples came right to mind and we don’t have to spend, a lot of times, I think a lot of people have is the Matrix and the other one is, is Alice in Wonderland.

Mm-hmm. I think those are the two biggies where

Georgia: perception, the original rabbit

Joe: are. And Alice in Wonderland definitely, one of the originals there. 1865 Louis Carroll had that, so

Nick: was it really? 1865?

Joe: it was

Georgia: Yeah. I

Nick: why I thought it was like,

Katie: yeah.

Georgia: And I think the thing about Alice in Wonderland in general, is always associated with was there drugs involved?

And so that’s an interesting take on the Perce perception perspective because drugs can definitely that

Katie: Yeah.

That alter state.

Georgia: Yeah.

Joe: your state. And, and, and at some level, the matrix, he chose the red and blue pill.

Georgia: Right.

Joe: So it also had the [00:13:00] kind of drug, you’re un, you’re untapping some extra,

Nick: the full

Joe: That’s right.

Yes. Yeah. To become the one, the one not the,

Nick: be one. Oh, wait and wrong

Joe: That was That’s right. I was gonna say that

Nick: was

Georgia: There can only be one.

Joe: right.

Nick: No, that was the Highlander. Right?

Joe: That it also had a one. But in the one, the movie, the one by Jet Lee, he says that at the end, or I don’t know if he ever says that.

Georgia: think he does. There can only be one.

Joe: No, he says something else

Nick: I feel like we’re going off on a weird hole.

Joe: Well,

Katie: talking about.

Georgia: There is no such thing. Every, every hole is

Joe: but it

Nick: weird hole

Katie: it up.

Joe: I, I think it might be 1951 was the animated movie that came out, so that probably shifted your

Georgia: Oh yeah. Perspective. The Disney.

Nick: Yeah. Yeah. I thought that was the original.

No,

Joe: no. It was least don’t

Georgia: Very.

Nick: Oh my God.

Georgia: Went way back. Yeah.

Joe: about getting canceled. Yeah. Don’t do that.

Nick: With two 

Katie: library folks in the room. [00:14:00] What? What are you doing?

Nick: I thought it doesn’t become real until it’s a movie. Is that not

Joe: Oh boy. Disney movie. Disney

Nick: movie 

Katie: for the Alice in Wonderland. Like I had an actual, like in-person experience with this where I was a little drunk.

I was in London and we, it was like a experience where you’re like going through the Allison Wonderland story,

Joe: right.

Katie: right? And like an old, like underground, like I think it used to be the tube but it was empty, so they were doing like live performances and just like it. The way I was interpreting Allison Wonderland drunk while also like it being in front of my face Right.

Was like, it was honestly more scary. I

Joe: imagine. Right, right. 

Katie: Yeah, it was, I was not anticipating it to be scared

Joe: you drink things and eat things while you were going

Katie: Yeah. So did

Joe: they have little

Katie: Yeah, they had a little, yeah. At the same time

Nick: at the same

Katie: there, there were actual like perceptions like that, like how they actually did the scales of the room.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. [00:15:00] And at one point you’re like at a dining table, like with teacups and it was another alcoholic drink that changed colors. Yeah, it was, it was really cool if I really hope to do something like that again, but maybe

Georgia: cool.

Katie: That’s really

Joe: that made me think when you were talking about the rooms. Was the Museum of Illusion in Philadelphia and they’re, I think they’re around, they look like they’re kind of chain. Yeah. Right.

And so, but I think

Georgia: and we went to the Wonder Museum

Joe: Museum, but the Museum of Illusion had the rooms where you get in and all sorts of things where you get in and it really plays with your, per your perspective of everything.

Georgia: perception.

Katie: Hmm. 

Joe: Well, 

Katie: I think

Joe: it’s skewing your perception.

Georgia: how you perceive the room.

Right.

Joe: right. So it’s messing with both. I think they, they interplay with each other. Right. ’cause the perception of how you look at things is your interpretate your in input, and then you, you interpret that through your perspective and you go, oh, ’cause your brain is saying that I know that this, they’re not smaller.

You know, you know, the relatively, they [00:16:00] might not be shorter or that short. And then, you know, you’re trying to, you know, kind

Katie: like those carnival spinning wheels, like it’s fair season. But you’ve never been to, like at the fair, they have these houses that you have to make your way through.

And at one point there’s typically like this spinning tunnel that you have to just walk straight.

Georgia: Is that the like house of Mirrors kind of

Katie: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Mm-hmm.

Nick: had it spinning.

Katie: Yeah.

Georgia: I

Joe: Museum of Illusion, they had one, they had a, a little tunnel you could go through and it had that, and it was really

Katie: Yeah.

Joe: the ramp.

You’re not, you feel like you’re

Katie: you feel like you’re spinning, you feel like you’re spinning. It made me like car sick, almost

Joe: It’s really crazy. Like you go in and it, it feels like you’re just going, you know, in a dryer, tumbling around.

Nick: weird question. If you have bad eyesight, which I think at least two of us here have bad eyesight, does it affect the way you see the things in those illusion museums? Or what? I mean,

Joe: if

Katie: don’t have a current prescription, probably. Right?

Joe: Yeah. I [00:17:00] mean, if you got blurry vision, I mean, yes. You’re, you

Georgia: you,

Joe: real, I mean, I

Georgia: see double

Joe: it’s

Nick: listen, my eyesight’s great.

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Joe: You’re like, yes. No, that, I mean that that changes everything. Right? I mean, I think if you.

Nick: like, I mean the, the seeing things that are bigger and smaller is that

Joe: Right. Yeah. I don’t know if,

Georgia: I think bringing science into it, that’s a great point. Like. How we, we use our eyesight for, and how, how much do we compensate for like bad eyesight, you know what I mean? 

Joe: Well your brain does a lot of the heavy lifting. If it knows, it will try to fill in the gaps that they do have.

One where they have. They show pictures of like famous people that are really recognizable. And then when you, if you actually flip the image, you realize that they’ve, they’ve screwed the eyes up, but it’s upside down. And so because the face is upside down, your brain fixes it so you recognize it. It’s called the Thatcher effect. But then when you flip it to the right side [00:18:00] view, you see the eyes, nose and mouth were manipulated, but your brain will fix it. And actually, that’s probably one of the reasons why our perception

Katie: can

Joe: be, you can be tricked.

Our brains can easily tricked into believing things because they’re trying to present the world in the way you expect it to .

Nick: your brain is lying to you.

Joe: Your brain is lying to you.

Nick: Is is that gonna be the name of this episode? Your brain is lying to

Joe: Well, maybe it should be. Yes, it’s right. Yeah.

Nick: Is this the episode we go

Georgia: think that your brain is trying to help you out? I don’t think it’s being malicious.

Nick: I mean, I don’t know if it’s, if it’s not letting me see what’s wrong with the world. If there was something going wrong. And like I look at it and I’m like, what is is is, I mean, it could be saving me if I was, you know,

Joe: well, your, your brain has, you gotta think like humans from some evolutionary point of view. You were very, it was very advantageous to look at things and make very [00:19:00] quick decisions based on that quick look if it’s safe or if it’s dangerous.

And so your brain is making all these assumptions based on other patterns. And so our brains are really good at finding patterns, very good at organizing things in the categories, you know, safe to eat, not so safe to

Nick: eat.

Joe: you know, makes you,

Nick: by licking it,

Joe: yeah

Nick: at

Joe: don’t lick it.

Nick: No, that’s the way you do it. We’ve already been over this, this is why we

Joe: all that’s a different episode.

I just, that’s

Georgia: Do not lick it. Don’t lick it.

Joe: It’s really it’s really fascinating that, that how your brain, and there’s actually. While I was looking up different things was a predictive coating. And it’s this neuroscience theory that says your brain isn’t a passive recording instrument, kind of recording things that come in the sensory information.

It’s more like a predictive engine that constantly guesses what’s out there and only updates when it’s really surprised. So your brain is [00:20:00] actually trying to figure out what’s going on before you get there. So it’s giving, it’s delivering you information that says, well, this is what I think is happening.

And then when you get surprised, that’s when your brain, oh, we were fooled. And that’s why I think. Fun houses, things like that. You know, kind of, what do they call the at Halloween time, you go through the, the haunted houses. Mm-hmm. Right? I was trying to think. I was like, what is those things called?

Yeah. Haunted houses where you are, your perception as you go through has one thing, and then you get surprised and it, it, it freaks you out even though you think, oh, this is fake. And your brain is yeah, this is fake. And then you get boom. Like, why, why did that really surprise you? You knew going in there, what’s gonna happen, but you are caught off guard by those things.

So your brain is trying to predict the situation and how best to navigate it.

Nick: So doesn’t your brain try to predict a lot of things though too?

Like people with anxiety, they tend to be able to try to predict the next words coming outta someone’s mouth and then. Right? I don’t know. Is that that might just be me. I

Joe: it.

Nick: I know I do it,

Joe: I think we do [00:21:00] it. Yeah. Everybody

Nick: I’m constantly like trying to figure out what’s Joe gonna say next so I can have something funny to say back to him.

And then he just looks at me like, why are you saying that Nick?

Joe: and you’ve trained improv and you are trained, really trying to train the perceived signals how people are, are motioning their, they’re

Nick: their face, how, what’s exactly,

Joe: Yeah,

Nick: what’s the next look they’re gonna do.

Georgia: But then that gets into like stereotypes and That’s right. You know what I mean?

Katie: making right, starts

Joe: making bad assumptions and then they stick. Right. Because

Nick: wait, how? How so, I’m sorry. I was,

Georgia: Are you serious?

Nick: Yeah, no, I’ll, no, I’m

Georgia: saying that’s also what gets us into trouble because it’s that’s how stereotypes are,

Nick: Oh, I thought you were saying like people had an improv just stereotyping

We moved past

are

Georgia: No, no, no. I’m just saying,

Katie: I was like,

Joe: he’s about to

Katie: defend

Joe: improv community.

Nick: Oh no, I’m not gonna defend shit for that. No, I was just trying to figure out, oh

Georgia: no, I’m just

Nick: how

can be mad at them. No,

Georgia: No, I’m just saying. You understand what I mean?

Nick: Yep, yep. No, I do. Our brain[00:22:00] 

Georgia: jumps to conclusions or, or they fill, it fills in these things that maybe shouldn’t be filled in, you know?

Joe: and that, and that part, that’s your brain’s not processing ever been information that, that’s why it’s easy to gloss over things. You’re like, oh, the, you know, the, the cup is right there on the counter

Katie: Oh yeah. You’re like,

Joe: I don’t see the cup. What are you talking about? And you’re like, it’s right there.

And you go,

Nick: so is this why the Mandela effect comes in? Because people don’t pay attention to shit.

Joe: That’s probably, yes. That is and this is just a theory and this isn’t proven that this is why

Nick: no, this is a hard fact. These people can’t see shit.

Katie: was

Joe: that your, that your, the way your brain is processing information is a theory of how that works.

So this is kind of as predictive coding, it’s one, it’s one of the ways to explain a lot of these phenomenon.

Georgia: think it’s interesting ’cause we’ve talked about this before about AI compared to a human brain and how the human brain works versus how ai, but in, in this way, I think AI is doing that same thing.

I think this is what they wanna hear. So I’m just gonna throw all this crap

Nick: I do.

Katie: [00:23:00] ChatGPT Yeah. Yeah. The kid. Yeah. I worked with teenagers and they would always talk about oh, I gotta this paper and then go throw it into the ai. I’m like, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. Use your brain. 

Joe: That’s right. Yeah. So I, speaking of AI, did you guys see the story about how a chatbot’s conversation convinced a man he was a superhero?

Nick: No. What? That’s not what I thought you were gonna

Georgia: think

Joe: yeah, no, it was this

Georgia: this guy was very impressionable.

Katie: Yes.

Joe: No, it was interesting. So the New York Times, just this guy he was from Toronto Allen Brooks. He was 47. And he thought he had discovered with using chat, GPT, this kind of a novel mathematical formula. And it started out with this kid asking him to explain pie you know, the mathematical expression pie.

So he put in a chat, GPT, and then he got going on this conversation. And at the end, the Chachi bt was like, wow, you’re really, you’re really thinking about this in new ways. Here’s this idea. [00:24:00] And they kept going on and on and at some point it was like he could harness sound resonance to talk to animals and build a levitation machine.

And then the formula turned out that if anyone got this formula that he could take down the internet and, do all this weird stuff. People could make force field vests. And he was sending it to his friends Hey, is this crazy? What’s going on? He kept asking ChatGPT, Hey, is this, are you really pulling my leg?

Are you fooling me? This sounds a little, you know, I’m writing. He started writing experts and they were like, not, they were ghosting. I’m like, you know, ’cause this, you know, he is you know, this kind of crazy talk. And he was not getting speech. He’s no one’s writing me back. Oh, they’re, they’re, their minds are closed to innovation.

And it was this whole thing. And so chat, GPT just got him going and he was just going for about three weeks. He thought that he was trying to

Georgia: was he sleeping? Was he he eating? I mean, that, I think he had some,

Joe: He

Katie: He stopped just there. Yeah, yeah, yeah.

Georgia: going on.

Joe: he was smoking pot

Georgia: Well, there

Katie: down.

Yeah.

Joe: was just going, so he had over, there was like 2000 messages that were passed back and forth between him and chat, CPT.

So finally, and he was [00:25:00] asking friends, he was trying to invest money ’cause this, these ideas, he was like trying to get money and startup capital.

Georgia: gosh. And so,

Joe: he took the information from chat GPT and put that into another chat box, I think it was Claude, and said, Hey, what do you think about this idea? And it was like this is nothing 

And so the whole idea was that when he moved the chat, GPT had built up this conversation with them and they’re designed somewhat to be pleasing. Like they, they don’t wanna call the human an idiot. Mm-hmm. So they’re like, oh yeah, that was a great idea. Yeah. You’re, you’re doing great.

You’re thinking like, no one else has thought this before. And he went and club was like, nah, this is, this is all garbage. Like you shouldn’t invest any money. Because it was, it was a new conversation and it was coming at it. What do you think of this idea? And it was like, eh, this, this idea is dumb.

You know people

Katie: friends and family didn’t stop him or check on him. He was

Joe: yeah, they were like bought into it. ’cause

Georgia: I know. Did he live by himself?

Joe: he, I think it was him and his son. And so New York Times did a great piece where

Nick: and [00:26:00] he’s 47.

Joe: 47 and they, they analyzed the

Nick: fuck’s sake

Joe: and he, he was just fine.

And so I read through the me, it was kind of interesting. It was like, if you’re writing like a science fiction story, it was cool. But if you’re actually like, I think this is the way the

Georgia: living through that.

Joe: yeah. So you had this very limited science knowledge. You went to this chat, this predictive engine

Georgia: generating

Joe: kind of text for you that’s tailored to your conversation and you go down this, he went down this rabbit hole and he thought he was gonna save the world from this, you know, he figured out this mathematical formula if it fell into the wrong hands.

Bad things will happen. And he also could make a lot of money if he invested in it now, got on the ground in, he would be ahead of the curb. Yeah. His brain just got tricked, his perception and then his perspective went down and he started buying into it.

And during to conversation, he had doubts. He was like, I don’t know about this. How come I’m the first to think about this? You know, I don’t have, I didn’t even finish. I barely finished high school. So how am I thinking of this great novel formula and no one else has?

And it was like, well, it’s ’cause you’re asking the right questions. You’re, you’re actually [00:27:00] challenging the, the paradigms and you’re going at it. So yeah, it’s like very it was interesting, but I, I thought that fit perfectly in what we’re talking about and how, a predictive engine could get you in trouble just like your brain and get you in trouble, you know, go down these rabbit holes.

Katie: so, right. I mean, honestly, that’s a better AI story than the one I read, which is like top 40 jobs that can be replaced by AI.

My job was on there archivist. I laughed very hard.

Georgia: Yeah,

Katie: and it was, it was biased though. It was like it was a Microsoft study, so I’m like, like that. One more.

Joe: yeah. You should ask it if you’re gonna be a superhero archivist.

Katie: That’s it. How can an

Joe: save the world?

Katie: Yes, that’s a

Joe: point. You’re awesome.

Katie: Yes.

Nick: Oh,

Joe: give you, what’s the, what’s that movie with Nick Cage?

Nick: Which one?

Joe: The one where they were going to artifacts,

Georgia: narrows it

Nick: National

Treasure. Thank you.

Joe: National Treasure. That’s it. Thank you. Yes, yes.

Nick: I

wait till the third one.

Katie: That’s a thing.

Nick: hopefully, oh my gosh.

Katie: There’s no way. There’s no way.

Georgia: Don’t get your hopes up.

Katie: Yeah,

Joe: I just [00:28:00] had to, I just had to mention Nicholas Cage. My,

Georgia: I was gonna say he had to be in mentioned at

Nick: I mean, I can pitch a third one if we want.

Joe: And he was in upper percept Face Off.

Georgia: Yeah,

Joe: That was like kind of a perception perspective. I

Katie: only watch that once.

Georgia: that’s been a really long time

Joe: it’s been a while.

Just came up and I was

Georgia: I’d like to see that again. Actually I couldn’t.

Katie: I couldn’t. It’s too Gru. What you

Nick: what do you mean it’s too

Joe: it wasn’t,

Georgia: It’s John Wu, right? John Wu. He, yeah, I’m pretty sure that

Nick: Is it

Georgia: John Wu,

Nick: the one who did

John Wick?

Joe: No, I don’t think

Georgia: I thought, no,

Joe: he did hard boiled.

Katie: Yeah, you’re right.

Georgia: Yeah. Hard boiled. He did he was from China and so there’s Likehow

Joe: who did John win?

Nick: did? John Wick. Katie, I see you’re on your phone.

Joe: We’re doing research as we go

Nick: as we go on the fly,

Joe: making sure your perspective stays intact

Georgia: because he did all the, the ones what

Katie: chapter one

Chad Alki.

Georgia: Oh yeah.[00:29:00] 

Joe: there it is.

Now another movie that involved hallucinations blending and we just wa is Jacob’s Ladder

Georgia: Tim Robbins,

Joe: this, this very 1990

Georgia: have, oh my gosh.

Joe: Messed

Georgia: That’s the movie that I saw it many, many, many years ago and it’s still just, it’s kind of haunts you after you see that

Katie: Yeah. See, that’s what I’ve heard. That’s why I haven’t watched it.

Georgia: It’s, it’s really good. But yeah. Intense. But it’s totally yeah, that idea of not knowing what’s really real. Mm-hmm. Real reality. And what’s the perception?

Katie: Yeah.

Georgia: Yeah, sleep

Joe: deprivation comes in that one.

I mean, he is

Katie: when

Joe: of going, he is dying. I mean, so

Georgia: post-traumatic stress because he was in Vietnam and then was there extra drugs given and that’s the whole idea that Yeah.

Nick: And this is Jacob’s Ladder.

Joe: Jacob’s Ladder. Really

Georgia: put that on your list. Yeah.

Katie: Yeah. Yeah.

Joe: I mean, think of, I mean, we’ve [00:30:00] centered a lot of our conversation around sight, but our other senses can also feed into this.

So hearing and , a lot of movies where you’re hearing sounds and they’re triggering kind of audio illusions of what’s going on. Or Nick got something to say, so I’m gonna stop right there. So,

Nick: Would it be all right? All right. So this happened the other day. Someone was talking to me and I don’t know what I was doing, but they were like right in front of me and I did not hear them until I heard like something drop. And I’m like, what? Is that under this whole perspec

Georgia: now do is, was that a matter of that you just tune them out or you

Nick: I

Georgia: couldn’t, or you just couldn’t

Joe: ’em? You were like,

Nick: I think

I think it was because

Georgia: I’ve done that before where all of a sudden I realized, oh, I’m not listening.

Nick: Like I didn’t know that. Like they started talking and then by the time I realized, they were like, oh, you didn’t hear a word I said, did you?

And I’m like,

you 

Katie: were 

Nick: talking.

Joe: Yeah. And your brain, I mean, right. You could be, if that’s, if we go by this predictive coding kind of [00:31:00] theory in your brain, could just be making assumptions that this is this person. They’re not doing whatever. You’re doing something else that might need more attention.

And you’re just kind of filling in the blanks of a person. Oh, this person’s there, but not really paying attention. What else were you doing? Were you doing something?

Nick: Nothing. I think I was just, I looked at my phone and then went off. I think I just walked

Georgia: It’s like, it’s like in iron Man. It was, it’s like in

Nick: Oh,

Georgia: which, which MCU movie.

Is that where he tells him the whole story and then he

Joe: oh, that was, that was

Georgia: he hadn’t listened at all

Katie: three.

Joe: I can’t remember which one. Yes, he was laying on the couch and

Banner was like, I’m not that kind of doctor.

Katie: Oh, oh yeah, yeah.

Georgia: he goes, you haven’t heard anything I’ve said, have you?

And he

Nick: I think that was the

Katie: Avengers movie.

Joe: that the Avengers movie? Yeah. Okay. Yeah. So, and he was like, I’m not that kind of doctor.

Katie: Well,

Joe: hearing is one where you can go and you can play around, you know, kind of false cues and

Katie: all.

Nick: of Tron

Katie: Hearing gets me in my house all the time. Yeah. My cat thumps and I think someone broke

Joe: right,

Nick: Oh. [00:32:00] Just like how you thought my old house was haunted.

Your old house was haunted. It

Joe: Oh

Georgia: She didn’t think it. She knows

Joe: knew

Katie: And my bones,

Joe: you feel a touch? ’cause that’s also

Katie: Oh, I left once in the middle of the night.

’cause I got two spooks

Joe: Oh, I think you got touched. And I was like, all right. This is, we need to edit that.

Georgia: You got some friendly ghosts?

Joe: right. Yeah.

Katie: I just kept hearing noises in the, the corner of the room and I’m like,

Nick: thought you said it was in the kitchen that you heard

noise. Maybe it was. It was both.

said it’s, didn’t you say there was something on the fridge?

Katie: Yeah. And I left

Joe: Get

Katie: out.

Nick: mean, that house was weird.

Katie: Yeah. Yeah. I would never go in that basement.

Nick: There was no basement. Katie,

Katie: thinking your current house. I’m thinking your current house.

Nick: Are you afraid of my current house?

Katie: I’m afraid of your current house. Yeah. Sorry. That’s why I only come back once a year.

Joe: get

Georgia: Aw.

Joe: But touch we, yeah, touch. I mean, that’s in VR takes advantage of [00:33:00] that haptic kind of signaling and things

Nick: like ready player one, where they have all

Joe: Player one.

Ready Player one. Yeah, that’s one. So yeah, so, smell and Taste. This came up another episode.

Nick: vision,

Joe: Oui. And the food memory. That was one night that came up. And that was in I think the, the time. Crimes and time

Nick: Oh yeah.

Joe: We did that right at two. Yeah. Yeah. But that’s, that’s one where your perception, your memory, all that’s being recalled,

Nick: The reviewer just,

Georgia: I think that’s why it’s, I think that’s

Joe: different hypothesis of what happened. Sorry.

Georgia: I think that’s why it’s so easy for us to. Imagine like the matrix or ’cause we have the sim simulation Hypothesis. Hypothesis. Hi Wes.

Nick: You know,

Georgia: and I think that’s why it’s so, it’s so easy for us to kind of, and even like conspiracy theories, I mean, it’s so easy for us because our brain is able to kind of imagine all these other,[00:34:00] 

Nick: make connections where there are none.

Georgia: Well, I didn’t say that.

Joe: No, that’s, I mean, I think you’re right.

Georgia: did we prove that simul, the simulation

Nick: Yeah. I’m pretty sure Joe and I did

Joe: Yeah, we did. It doesn’t

Georgia: doesn’t, it could exist.

Nick: there’s too much going on in anything to have enough memory space to do this.

Georgia: Alright, well

Joe: yeah.

Nick: sorry Wes,

Joe: Yeah, we’re, we’re out. I think he’s got some new evidence he sent.

So he is, he’s gonna come back

Nick: We’ll do a part two. We’ll

Joe: do a part two, we’re gonna do a part two. Next, third, third season. We’ll, we’ll try to find space

Georgia: And we’re gonna talk about,

Joe: I think severance is the, severance is what the, the one where severance does a great job.

Georgia: Yeah. Talk about perception and being able in your brain to switch something on and off, you know,

Katie: So mad at that series right now. Yep. I have opinions.

Nick: I haven’t seen it.

Georgia: Oh. Oh, you gotta

Nick: are you shocked? You knew this.

Georgia: I know what I forgot.

Katie: It’s so good.

Georgia: It’s [00:35:00] so good.

Joe: But speaking of that, a lot of shows we, we have these five senses. You know, they usually will remove a sense to kind of really build tension in the story.

So a quiet place is one that does that where you remove hearing. You know, and, and you kind of take that sense away and, and write. And so you kind of then has this, you know, the bird box with cite you know, Daredevil, you know, so you have this, did you say Bird Box? No.

Nick: I said Daredevil. I was just,

Joe: no, I was, I was amplifying Dar I mean, because I got, I was getting

Nick: I forgot about Bird, bird Box.

That was such a, what? That was, that was

Georgia: that was a while ago. Yeah.

Nick: 2020. That was early pandemic. Right? That’s why I was like, I

Joe: can’t, yeah,

Georgia: you can’t remember that far back. No.

Joe: No, you’re like,

Nick: have a very limited,

Georgia: very

Nick: limited memory space.

Joe: you have shows where they add.

Katie: you know,

Joe: a sense, so you get telepathy,

Nick: Mm.

Katie: Mm.

Joe: you know, and

Georgia: you got the We or John Waters, you got the Scratch and Sno.

Joe: Well scratch and that’s

Katie: Yes.[00:36:00] 

Joe: Scratch that

Georgia: That really changes your perspective

Joe: Yes. Not to go to the John Waters scratch and sniff movie. 

Georgia: If you could that, I mean, I don’t think they do that very often, so if that’s available, you should

Joe: I think he’s still an eBay can find some unscratched sniffers.

Georgia: that’s probably pricey.

Joe: I don’t know. I mean, it might be worth the smell of some dog poo and puke. I mean, I don’t know.

Katie: I’m good. Thank you.

Joe: Yeah,

Katie: It’s okay.

Joe: familiar with John Waters, right? So Yeah. His movies. Yeah. So you can imagine what was there. Yeah. But, but you know, you have that, or if you could see an ultraviolet or infrared, like you had different senses that would come in, new information now would be available to you.

And, and how would that affect

your. Perspective. Mm-hmm. Okay. 

Georgia: And I think it’s interesting talking about it from like a social, ’cause we talked about prejudice and stereotypes, like how willing are we to change those set ideas that we have when we do get new [00:37:00] information.

Do you know what I’m saying?

Nick: Yeah. It, it really depends on how you take it. Like not everyone’s gonna be able to take new information and be like, all right, I understand this and I will adapt.

Georgia: Right. Or you or, or, yeah. Or it’s that doesn’t fit my worldview, so

Katie: Or they’re just unwilling,

Georgia: so I’m just not gonna, even,

Nick: This is

different from what I grew up believing. Mm-hmm. I refuse to change.

Joe: I also think how’s that tie into empathy and things like that, these kind of emotions that you have, because that also your perspective perception skews and probably depending on your empathy and and how empathetic you are, that’s probably a little more accepting to

Georgia: much can I really relate to what you’re going through, even though I’m, I mean, it

Nick: on how much is in my bank account.

Joe: Yeah. Is that, that it

Georgia: well, you can empathize and not be able, you can empathize and not be able to help somebody. I [00:38:00] really feel bad, but I’m sorry. I

Nick: the 1% that have no empathy.

Georgia: Exactly. The ones that could really,

Joe: I mean,

Katie: they

Georgia: could spend a lot of money, right?

Joe: And then some, some probably do. That’s not fair to all. The one percenters. I mean, she’s

Georgia: There’s maybe 1% of the 1%.

Joe: Yeah. 1% of the 1%

Georgia: 1%. And if you are listening,

Joe: yes.

Katie: you’re the 1%

Joe: that cares, we are trying to get video here and redo the basement studios.

So step in. Thank you.

Georgia: So, 

Nick: I had a new suit

Joe: Yeah. And Nick’s willing to lick some sort of food item.

Georgia: Okay. That could get us

Nick: you be

Georgia: wrong kind of sponsorship.

Nick: No, no, no, no. We’ll, we’ll, we’ll leave it, we’ll run with that.

You

Georgia: all ideas.

Joe: Yeah.

Katie: I’m gonna go foraging when I go to Washington, I’ll bring you back some mushrooms to

Georgia: please. Ooh.

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Georgia: And then we’ll have,

Joe: we’ll have a mushroom

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Nick: We’ll have to get Molly back for that one.

Yes,

Joe: Molly. Or get a, or get a [00:39:00] mycologist. Not a

Georgia: Pedro Pascal if he’s a Wil.

Katie: mycologist.

Nick: Who’s that?

Joe: Somebody.

Oh my god.

Somebody who studies.

Nick: I know, I was joking. I was,

Joe: ’cause Mycology is better than urology.

Katie: couldn’t tell if you were joking or

Joe: I know. I couldn’t tell either. My, my

Nick: I couldn’t tell either. Lot of

Georgia: a lot of times we’re not able

Joe: my perception was he is not joking. But he’s such a fun guy.

Georgia: Ah,

Katie: You, you’re talking about Nick.

Georgia: so this is a little heavier,

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Georgia: but the movie The Voices and by Ryan Ryan Reynolds. Have you seen that? Oh yeah. And that movie really got me it. It’s such a well-made movie. Have you ever seen it?

Katie: No.

Georgia: And it stars Ryan Reynolds and it’s where he hears voices and one of the voices is from his cat and one is from his dog.

And the voices tell him to [00:40:00] do certain things. But that movie is I’ve never watched anything that I think really.

Katie: It

Georgia: Makes you feel what a mental illness would feel like. And I guess his, his diagnosis was schizophrenia

Nick: Mm-hmm.

Georgia: and I actually found that at this one conference, they did a whole study about it, the voices in schizophrenia, a critical multi-model modal analysis.

But it’s talking about how through movies we’re able to get a perspective of certain things, and this was getting a perspective of schizophrenia and. This will be in the show notes. ’cause I’m gonna send it to you, Joe.

Joe: No guarantee. But, but

Georgia: But it’s just really, it was very interesting and I don’t wanna talk too much about it because I don’t wanna spoil it at all because it’s one of those

Joe: really good. Yeah. The twist is really

Georgia: you just watch it, you [00:41:00] just go

Nick: but the twist,

Georgia: It’s intense. It’s intense. But, but I think getting the viewpoint right in a movie is difficult

Nick: definitely do think that is one of those that it’s oh, ’cause having that schizophrenia view, which is such a powerful thing to see, which I don’t know if Katie, you’ve played the game hell Blade as well. Mm-hmm. Where that’s a another, that’s a game where you’re going through and you’re hearing all these voices

tell 

Joe: you mm-hmm.

Nick: so many mean and hateful

Georgia: things. Mm-hmm. And

Nick: you’re the player who’s taking this

Georgia: game, I, I feel like I would never wanna play that game. Well, I

Nick: It’s such a good game. It’s like

Georgia: That’s entertainment

Nick: and the game lies to you.

Katie: like

Nick: straight up lies to you at the beginning saying, oh yeah. You can die so many times, but you don’t know how many times you can die before the game just deletes itself.

And it’s that’s a lie that it starts off telling you just ’cause you were in this mind space then.

Katie: Wow. And boy, do you believe it? 

Nick: [00:42:00] Oh yeah.

It took me five ever. ’cause ’cause I stopped playing ’cause I was like, Hmm, I don’t know how many more times I could die. And then I was like, you know what? I’m just gonna keep playing.

And I died a lot and I,

Joe: because now you’re spoiled it,

Nick: Honestly, I’m okay with that one.

Joe: Well, it

Nick: I want people to be able to finish this game because it’s that good.

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Georgia: Right. So a tip, keep playing.

Joe: playing. But you had mentioned you did a thought experiment where you had the headphones and the voices. Was that right? Yeah. I can’t remember what episode you talked

Nick: I don’t know. That was a

Georgia: I was a long

Joe: the listeners. They might, we had some new listeners maybe. 

Nick: Yeah. So I, I, I, I hung out in Chicago one day with headphones in. I had the schizophrenia like voices in your head. And that that definitely messes you up. I don’t suggest doing that.

Joe: Yeah. You were walking around downtown Chicago and there’s tons of people, Chicago’s

Nick: headphones in and

Joe: And voices. Yeah.

Nick: Voices talking in your ears and you’re just like, huh.

Joe: So your perception is being

Nick: this is really weird.

Georgia: Right? Wow.

Joe: No. [00:43:00] Yep.

Georgia: Something like

Nick: what Katie,

Katie: Oh, I just I, I’m thinking about like myself trying to do that and I, there’s no way, like I am so anxious as it is.

Georgia: last long. I’d be like,

Joe: now, do you have it loud or the voice is coming anywhere to the

Nick: loud enough to be able to hear the outside, but it’s not loud enough to block out everything.

Joe: But were the voices at different levels? Yes. In there.

Georgia: And is this, was this, somebody had a recording that would simulate Yes. Schizophrenia,

Nick: audible hallucinations.

Georgia: Okay.

Nick: Yeah.

Georgia: you just saw that and said, Hey, I think I

Nick: I think I looked it up for something.

Georgia: Okay.

Nick: And if I can find it again. Yeah. I’ll,

Georgia: we could put it in the

Nick: we’ll, we’ll make you

Joe: so I, yeah, we touched on it. Yeah. They aren’t Nick liquid jump on it, but

Nick: what did, what did I miss?

I miss paranormal?

Joe: How, how your perception,

Nick: already talking about paranormal.

We’ve definitely hit

We hit

Georgia: We had, yeah. We talked about ghosts

Nick: We were talking about my haunted house.

Mm-hmm.

Joe: oh, [00:44:00] that okay. Yeah. But you didn’t go any further, man.

I thought, okay,

Nick: I mean, we, I, what did you have?

Georgia: Okay.

Joe: We, we’ll

Nick: And we talked about how we have a ghost in the studio now.

Joe: Was it ghosts in his studio?

Nick: Yeah. ’cause we, we summoned it.

Joe: I don’t remember that.

Nick: That was the last month. Joe, how did you already forget?

Georgia: you know, Halloween we, we did

Nick: that Ouija board, you know, we, you know.

Georgia: He, he’s time traveling right now.

Joe: I know. Don’t time travel. That’s not good. By the, we went the perspective to

Georgia: We may be lying to you.

Joe: I mean, yeah. Now go back and listen to the other episodes that happened last month and then

Katie: and

Georgia: then another movie that I’ve seen a couple, I don’t think I’ve seen the trailer, but I’ve just seen like poster ads for it. It’s called The Good, the Good Dog or the Good one.

And it’s a point of view of, it’s like a horror movie, but the

Nick: Oh yeah.

That

Georgia: from the dogs

Nick: a

Georgia: of it’s a, yeah. That seemed like I

Nick: The Good Boy, right?

Georgia: The good boy. That’s it. Yeah.

Katie: Does the dog died at [00:45:00] the end? It,

Nick: It had, it’s not

Katie: on yet.

Georgia: We hope not.

Nick: I’ve not seen it. No, but I want to,

Georgia: I think it comes out like in a week or two.

Right? It hasn’t come out yet,

Nick: later this year.

Georgia: Okay.

Nick: I think, but yeah,

that, that, that one, I cannot wait to see what, what other horror things were you talking about, Joe? What, what did you have?

Georgia: I

Joe: mean, nothing. I, well, we can move on.

Nick: No, I need to know Now you,

Joe: Oh, no, it’s all

Nick: you’re gonna skew my perception of

Joe: Well, that’s fine. You know, your perspective can be skewed. Sorry. No, you’re right. No, I had nothing, those polar geist, things like that. So,

Katie: love some Poltergeist.

Nick: I mean, I’m always down for a Poltergeist

Joe: classics. So

Katie: I mean, Nick is gonna call his trash. But while my husband was out at Jen Conn I just watched all of the Conjuring movies and that definitely, they were good. Yeah. Not all of them. Not all of them, but I still wanna watch all of them. Many. Are they

Georgia: many, how many were there?

Nick: Three

Katie: the Annabel’s? 

Nick: [00:46:00] Bels Plus the Nun. There is two of those. And LA

Katie: Yeah. Talk about 

Nick: so there’s eight movies in total. Nine, yeah. Plus the new one coming out

Georgia: and you binge watched them like one right after the

Katie: Uhhuh. Mm-hmm.

Georgia: See that right there messes with your

Katie: Yep. Perception

Georgia: when you binge watch something really intense.

Katie: And when I, yeah, when I say I could not sleep, I was up every single hour, like listening, like deep into my house. I’d have to get up, go down all three floors. I’m like, is there anything here?

Georgia: Well that guy, that guy died. The guy Oh

Nick: yeah, the

Georgia: the Annabelle doll died.

Katie: Yep.

Georgia: Yep. And he was like 40 something,

Katie: Yeah.

Nick: Yeah. Heart attack.

Georgia: Oh my gosh. That’s

Katie: He should have known better.

Georgia: That’s just, yeah.

Katie: Yeah. But that that just changed my whole, like my house felt safe until that point where I’m like, oh God, now haunted. And it is built in like the thirties, so. Who knows?

Georgia: Yeah. Probably don’t binge

Nick: say about them.

Katie: movies,

Georgia: poor movies. [00:47:00] Our ghost horror movies When you’re

Katie: it’s just me and my cats.

Nick: Just listen to horror podcast. Yeah.

Katie: So Nick has suggested so many horror podcasts to me, and I can’t because I will listen to them like at night when I’m trying to fall asleep.

Georgia: And then you do fall asleep and they’re

Katie: and it’s still going. Yeah.

Nick: That’s actually what I fall asleep to half the

Katie: I know.

Yeah. Or like when I was like home alone, because I’ll listen to ’em when I’m home alone mostly. ’cause Alex is like, ghost start real demons are real, blah, blah, blah. 

Nick: Which is correct.

Katie: And yeah, I can’t, I can’t do it. I just I’ve listened to some of the ones you wanted me to no. Was it no sleep?

Oh yeah. Yeah. And I just 

Nick: mm-hmm.

Katie: Creepy. Yeah. Creepy. Very creepy. Like I slept on my couch Creepy.

Nick: Because

Katie: I was like central.

Nick: so you can run out of the front door. Yeah. Or a serial killer can come in and That’s right.

Katie: Yeah. Actually, fun fact, none of my doors in my house lock, so 

Nick: Katie,

say that on the air.

Joe: world.

Katie: Oh no. It, no, it, it’s an old house.

Yeah. Like the, the [00:48:00] front and the back

Joe: be in the show notes.

Katie: You need an antique key. And we don’t have the antique key. So key. Yeah, we need to

Nick: you need one?

Katie: Wow. Apparently. Yeah.

Nick: I can find one.

Katie: I can find one. Okay. And the

Nick: have one at my

Georgia: but will it be the

Joe: door is a skeleton key.

Katie: No, it’s all the doors in my house. Other within the front door.

Joe: Other than the front

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Joe: Mm-hmm. Okay.

Katie: So like bedroom, bathroom you can’t

Joe: it sounded like that. The

Katie: oh, no, no, no. The front door locked. Oh God. I wouldn’t live there. Are you kidding me?

Joe: like, what

Nick: what

Katie: I live in a city.

Joe: you said.

Nick: say your front door

Katie: sorry. Did I? Okay. Yeah. No, no,

Joe: We can go back and, and listen again, but yeah, it’s like

Katie: Back door’s

Joe: are you living in? like

Nick: I just locked the bedroom doors.

Joe: you know,

Nick: You know.

You can come into the front door, but don’t dare try to find the

door.

Joe: I’m guessing you’re the serial killer.

Katie: That’s it.

Joe: Like it’s how come you got your door’s always open? Come on in and find out.

Nick: on 

Katie: in and find out. I mean, it’s okay. I will say I have an ax next to my bed. Not gonna lie, you know. There you go.

Joe: well there. It,

Katie: that’s [00:49:00] leave person

Nick: We’re gonna have to edit that out later, Joe.

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Joe: I sleep with one eye open and the Ax

Nick: I listen to enough horror podcasts and movies.

Katie: I’m ready. Come at me.

Joe: That’s right. Come on, Abby. I’m ready. I’ll get the door unlocked for you.

Katie: Come

Joe: Come on. That’s crazy. Yeah. See, that’s my perspective of you. It changed greatly. I was like,

Katie: mm-hmm. You sleep

Joe: the house, you scared of Nick’s creepy house

Katie: Yeah. I run out of there.

Joe: I sleep with the doors

Katie: the doors open.

Joe: Just wide open

Georgia: Wide.

Katie: My husband would, if he could, quite frankly. 

Nick: Yeah. Joan,

that how you guys used to live back in the day? Just

Joe: never, I grew up in Philadelphia.

We ain’t never left a door unlocked. Yeah, no, that’s,

Katie: yeah, I live in the city. I don’t do that.

Joe: Not in Philly. And the doors, they lock

Georgia: my day.

Nick: day.

Katie: I have three locks. I, I promise I have three locks on my front door.

Joe: What about the back door? Also

Katie: Also? Three locks. And one of them is like a wrought iron screen

Joe: [00:50:00] Oh, wow. Someone those big, yeah.

Katie: Yeah. Those are, you’re not

Georgia: no one’s getting, no one’s getting in.

Katie: No, no.

Georgia: You

Joe: as well break a window. Yeah.

Georgia: Yeah.

Katie: And then that’d wake me up and then I’d, then I’d go.

Joe: But yeah. Cool. Anything else in this

Nick: best

Katie: perspective?

Nick: Katie, did you threw your notes?

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Joe: I know.

Katie: oh, I know, that’s what I’m checking out. Hold on.

Nick: Oh, okay.

Katie: So the last like bit was, have we read this? Yes. Oh yeah. Okay. See, this was my first time.

Nick: so we don’t have video,

Joe: have

Katie: oh,

Nick: can you go ahead and tell

Katie: Sorry. The Sirens are Titan.

Georgia: I don’t think I, I don’t think I’ve went. I’ve read it.

Katie: am really, I own

Nick: That’s like high school reading.

Georgia: No,

Joe: know if it’s high school, but yeah. I didn’t read it in high school. I read it on my own. Yes,

Katie: I would like to say the condition of this book is not mine. Is my spouse’s the low.

Joe: good condition. Whoa.

Georgia: We

Katie: see that? Yeah. We have a coffee. We mysterious stain in the bottom.

Georgia: would not be happy if you [00:51:00] returned this book to the public library.

Nick: Tell me about it. I’ve tried a few times.

Joe: What happened? Do you guys, they have to buy a new one,

Nick: You just have to pay a fine. I’ve done this at

Georgia: Well, you

Joe: you cane ’em or something?

Georgia: You

Joe: a

Georgia: could have to pay for pay for

Katie: pay for 

Joe: the book.

Georgia: pay for a replacement. Yeah.

Katie: Yeah. Listen.

Joe: if he did that, like he did physical like. You know, public displays a

Georgia: Right,

Katie: Right.

Joe: You would, you would not have

Georgia: You’ll, you’ll

Joe: a public shaming.

Georgia: We do have public shaming

Joe: perspective would change.

Nick: no shame.

Joe: No shame.

Katie: that is true. That is true.

Nick: We have the one person that

Georgia: Anyway, let’s get back to the sirens

Joe: anyways,

Georgia: of Titan.

Katie: Yes. I only made a quarter of the way through. I want to, like Vonnegut get so bad. I, it’s not that I don’t like him, it just takes so much focus for me on the, I don’t know.

I was talking to Alex about it. I’m just like, why am I not understanding the perspective of this book? ’cause it like, it feel like it bounces too much for me. Maybe. I don’t know.

Georgia: I’m gonna, I’m gonna try,

Katie: I mean, I’m reading [00:52:00] romantic right now, so I think my, that’s

Joe: Cradle is I mean, V Cat’s, cradle Slaughterhouse Five, those were, I mean, you know, classic those were, yeah. Right,

Nick: Classics.

Georgia: But I get

Joe: I wonder what he had his rating at

Georgia: that are just really hard to

Nick: do you mean rating?

What?

So 

Katie: yeah, I just really think I’m in my like, romantic era, like my Easy Ya romantic. Oh

Nick: Oh,

Katie: what? I work at a public library. Leave me alone.

Nick: What is it?

Katie: Anybody can read ya. It’s for everybody. 

Nick: Right? 

Katie: That wasn’t,

Nick: that wasn’t, that wasn’t the

Katie: what the face you gave me.

Nick: that wasn’t the,

Georgia: It was the romance part of it.

Nick: Yes.

Katie: Yes.

Georgia: Okay. Yes. That’s what you’re saying.

Katie: to be fair, I thought it was just a gothic academia book and then it got real s muddy real fast and I’m like, well, I’m in it now.

You

Georgia: just gonna go with

Nick: on the Train, right?

Joe: What?

Nick: I don’t 

Katie: think

Nick: the book you recommended to that old lady?

Joe: Ohoh.

Oh. Oh, it was Joyce car os it was which book was that?

It

Georgia: The

Joe: Gothic, 

Georgia: I love [00:53:00] YA though.

Katie: Thank you.

Georgia: You like ya too. Yeah. You read ya

Katie: I just, I really felt like you were judging me for that. No, you used to all the time. It

Georgia: a Total romance thing. Yeah.

Katie: Yeah.

Georgia: don’t read romance, Nick

Joe: No

Nick: romance. No. I read children’s books.

Katie: See, but often I’m reading law horror books and there’s romance in

Georgia: You read other

Nick: stuff. I do. I, I mean,

Georgia: but you know what, to be honest, it

Nick: takes a hell of a lot longer for me to get through any book.

Georgia: To be honest. I don’t, I don’t like romance books and I don’t know why

Katie: Straight Romance.

I do not. I can’t. It’s gotta have something else like a horror. I read a horror book, I can’t remember the title right now, but it also had like lesbian romance in it. I’m like, hell yeah. This is great.

Georgia: Right. I, yeah,

Katie: it has to have, if it’s a side bit

Georgia: right. I can’t go and 

Nick: which is fine. I, I just don’t like having like fool on rom

Katie: No, me neither. Yeah.

Nick: If it’s a rom horror, huh?

Joe: You don’t like romcom?

Nick: That’s a romcom.

Katie: that’s different. Oh, [00:54:00] okay. Yeah. That’s different.

Joe: That different. All right.

Georgia: That’s Joe’s favorite.

Joe: I do go, I enjoy, I get

Nick: are great.

Georgia: It’s one I, I’m not a big romcom

Joe: I do

Georgia: and I have to watch ’em sometimes, and then I like them. Yeah, yeah. And then I’m surprised

Joe: I just wanna swing back. So I was looking it up, but Kurt, I was making sure right. Kurt Vonnegut did rate all of his books from a. You know, a plus 2D

Katie: in a order.

Joe: And so he, he actually gave the Sirens of Titan a in his own category. But here’s the,

Katie: Oh.

Georgia: what, what did he, what, what did he base that on

Joe: it was his own

Georgia: assessment on? And so did he

Nick: he rated his,

Joe: rated his own books

Georgia: he give himself a D?

Joe: He did. Yeah, he

Katie: He did.

Joe: he did. Yeah.

Nick: what book did he give

Katie: A B minus.

Joe: he gave himself plus and minuses.

Georgia: Oh, wow. What,

Joe: it was interesting. Yeah. Yeah. I

Georgia: Cat. I gotta say I haven’t even heard of the Happy Birthday. Wanda Jones Slapstick that got the D.

Joe: that’s probably why you haven’t heard of

Georgia: There’s a [00:55:00] plus is Cat’s Cradle. Cat’s Cradle

Joe: is prob is one of,

Georgia: Slaughterhouse five A plus. Welcome to the Monkey House, B minus. Happy

I have to read more. 

Nick: Bon

Joe: yeah, I have a bit up there. I got on a big vate roll and I started reading through his books there

Katie: Okay. See, I should have, I lived in Bloomington and like they used to have a Vate

Joe: right. Yeah. He’s from, yeah. And he, he did his think he wrote Cat’s Cradle as this master’s thesis. I U Chicago, so, yeah.

Nick: that’s a good one.

Katie: Yeah. 

Nick: He only

it Breakfast of, of Champions. A C. What?

Joe: Well, there it is Kurt Money. Yeah. No, he did.

Nick: I

Georgia: that he that he did that. That’s kind of cool.

Nick: I didn’t know people did that. I, when you said that, I was just like,

Joe: people, I mean, but it’s 

Georgia: I don’t think a lot of people do that. No.

Nick: No.

Joe, how would you rank all yearbooks

Joe: A.

Georgia: plus

Joe: A, the exactly. Well, you still tell me if becomes someone else. My only novel, I got nothing to compare it to. So it isn’t a A plus. after I have a couple more [00:56:00] out there that, that, that grade could go,

Katie: That’s

Joe: way to go. So maybe I should put it at an A and that could, you know, I was gonna say the Joyce Car Road story on the train was the Accursed. And that’s because it’s a, it’s a gothic fiction. And I didn’t real, I mean, I didn’t, I didn’t look at the genre, but, you know, Gothic has a blend between horror and, and that romance that you get

Georgia: and can get pretty.

Joe: and it gets, it can get fairly raunchy

Katie: Pretty fast.

Joe: And

Katie: So

Joe: there was a older woman who rode our train and, she was older in her sixties.

I mean, this was something, so I was, she was probably 20 years older than me and she saw me read all of the time and she asked me what book was I reading? And I said, oh, I’m reading Joyce Scott Oates, one of my favorite novelists. And so she was like, great.

She was like, getting a knee replacement, surgery is gonna be out recovering. So she was gonna get some books to read and I was like, great. And so. [00:57:00] Some weeks go by and then I see her on a train. I go, Hey, how’d your procedure go? And I said, oh, great. And then she goes to tell me, oh, I read that book. And she was like, I’m no prude, but I really struggled with that.

And I was like, oh, yeah. I was like, you know what? I hadn’t gotten to that part yet. Or I would, I would’ve.

Katie: she was

Joe: she was like, oh, it’s okay. Then she never asked me for another book recommendation. So I guess that’s yeah. So,

Georgia: yeah. So,

Katie: But yeah,

Joe: so that’s my, that story there that Nick was referring to.

Mm-hmm. 

My perspective’s.

Georgia: And I think that’s a great point. Like you kind of, this almost bookends you brought up how this topic is so good for writing stories and storytelling in novels, but also the reading books is so good.

It’s like one of the best ways to get other perspectives.

Katie: right. Mm-hmm. You know? Mm-hmm.

Joe: Yeah. Yeah.

And off, I mean, we talked about that in lot episodes where stories offer safe spaces to [00:58:00] explore trauma, to explore future outcomes to

Georgia: Jonathan

Nick: Mayberry with the Thing

Joe: the Mayberry and the Thing, right?

Nick: the Black Panther.

Joe: Panther, yeah. He’s told that story. And the the thing,

Katie: marvels the thing. Mm-hmm. Fantastic

Joe: Florida thing. because ’cause we,

Katie: That’s, that was the

Nick: episode he was on.

Joe: the episode he was

Nick: what I

Katie: what I was, yes.

Georgia: Right. Right. And I think that is so important and that that is why you have the book. Bands that’s people are trying to, you know,

Joe: you wanna stop that perspective from

Georgia: but if you really wanna get lots of different perspectives, you need to read

Joe: you can understand other people’s worldviews and ones you agree with and disagree with. I think it’s important to go. The other thing is just be curious.

Katie: Mm-hmm. And

Joe: And yeah, kind of what we do in our episodes and, and shows is, you know, ask, ask questions critically.

Think about topics and what goes on. So that’s

Nick: doesn’t matter if your question’s stupid, someone’s gonna answer it.

Joe: no

Georgia: No. Yeah. No stupid

Joe: question.

Georgia: Right.

Nick: No, there are[00:59:00] 

Georgia: some, some stupid

Nick: stupid questions. I ask

Georgia: I think there, I think there

Nick: I ask them all the time. Question. Yeah.

Katie: Yeah. Some

Georgia: Yeah. Some stupid answers.

Joe: especially if

Georgia: if you’re using AI

Joe: AI admit yourself. You’re a superhero. Yeah. Once again, ask. Yeah. I mean, right.

Nick: Ask an adult.

Joe: Yeah. They’d be, be if the experts aren’t writing you back to your great greatest idea ever, maybe it’s not so great. And I, I’m surprised and I will say that those experts should have wrote back and at least commented and said,

Georgia: and then said, maybe, maybe you need to, can

Katie: help him.

Georgia: Yeah. Maybe you need to take a break from the,

Joe: I mean, I know personally I get, I get really whack ideas that come and people really pull lot of effort. And sometimes you write back and be like,

Nick: but how, again, hold on. How, how long of a timeframe was this? Like maybe they just didn’t have time

Joe: three weeks. Okay. Three weeks.

Georgia: I mean, no, no. What he’s saying is the expert did they get it and then didn’t write [01:00:00] back, and it was just a few days that they didn’t

Joe: mean, I think he, he wrote a number of experts over this three week period,

Georgia: So there was a little bit

Joe: There should have been time, right?

Georgia: email or text

Joe: his was like emails. So he should have, I mean, you could easily write back no, I think

Nick: the amount of times I don’t answer emails.

Joe: Yeah. I mean, that’s said that is true.

Same.

Nick: I

part of my job. Everything. 

Katie: Yeah.

Joe: Yeah.

Katie: But,

Joe: but it is, it was an, I thought it was fascinating how easily your perspective can be skewed.

Mm-hmm. Your perception of things, perception, that you now have discovered something great. And you can feel very empowered by that feeling. And then that really skews your perspective, is you wanna believe, then you wanna believe that you are awesome, you are great. And it’s, it’s a fine line between hyping someone up and then believe in the hype.

Katie: right?

Mm-hmm. I think that’s always, you know,

Georgia: There’s a great children’s book called, it Could have Been Worse. do you know that one? Mm-hmm. And it’s I think it’s a mouse, and he is going along and like [01:01:00] all these things that he perceives as being kind of negative happens.

But if you look at it from the bigger picture, he he almost gets eaten by some other animal, but he doesn’t, something

Nick: good happens and then

Georgia: He doesn’t even realize that he actually almost got eaten. You know what I mean? It was like, and so the name could have been worse. Yeah.

Joe: His perspective was, yeah.

Georgia: So

Joe: Yeah. Well, cool.

Nick: Yeah. I, I,

Katie thank you for being on this episode. Katie

Joe: got anything?

Nick: Yeah, 

Katie: thank you for inviting me. I do, so I am the, I guess, the official archivist now for the DC punk archive. Please follow us on Instagram at, I think it’s DC Punk Archive.

Nick: We’ll have that in the show notes. Joe. Joe, will this actually make it to the show notes?

Cool.

Katie: Yes, it is DC Punk Archive. I was right.

That was,

Georgia: the best choice for that.

Katie: Trying to post some more like fun things from our collection. If you’re, for some odd reason, the DC area, we do [01:02:00] volunteer stuff. Come see us. Yeah.

Georgia: Very

Joe: cool. Yeah, that is very cool.

Katie: Yeah.

Joe: So yeah, I think that’s, that’s it.

Katie: Mm-hmm. Yeah.

Nick: Yeah.

Georgia: You did, you, you had something else to say, Nick,

Joe: know, I don’t know. You look like

Georgia: like

Nick: waiting for you to

Georgia: are you listening to those voices on the headphones right

Joe: I know, right?

Katie: Oh my God,

Joe: happening. That’s,

Nick: I am.

Joe: is looking at me.

Nick: I actually have a little

Katie: have a little well

Joe: I think this is Joe. Maybe this is Joe. Is this

Georgia: Nick?

Nick: Nick?

Joe: maybe Nick and Georgia?

Nick: Was that Katie?

Joe: maybe not Katie. I don’t know.

Nick: I think we went,

Joe: who’s here

Nick: down some hole? Maybe.

Katie: Mm-hmm.

Joe: Depends on your perspective of a hole. It might be a, might be a tunnel or a tube.

Nick: Bye-bye. Bye bye.

Katie: bye. Stay.

Joe: Definitely stay safe, stay curious.

Georgia: Read a book. Read a book

Joe: book 

Katie: questions,

Nick: Read them

Joe: everything.[01:03:00] 

Nick: Love y’all. Bye.

Joe: Except rabbit hole research. We really do love y’all.

Episode 47 Transcript: Who Goes There?: The Thing and The Shape of Paranoia

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Joe: [00:00:00] Hey, welcome back to the Rabbit Hole of Research down here in the Basement Studio for another fun episode, part of our October, month of horror. So

Bill_H: yes, I finally

Nick: I mean,

Joe: tasty episodes for you. So this one

Nick: here we are known for our horror. 

Joe: we

are, . And the Breaking News.

Nick: Breaking news. 

Joe: news. Maybe we’ll get another Breaking News this year. I don’t know

Nick: if something big happens. We’ll find out here first.

Joe: This episode has been a long time in the making, probably for me, since 1982. And we’re gonna be, you know, Who Goes There, The Thing and the shape of paranoia.

So all things creature related there. So we should have some fun. We have actually, not only the full crew, we have a full house, every mic in the studio,

Nick: is hot

Joe: plus zoom. So we have five folks. 

Nick: I’m sorry, who are you?

Bill_H: And how many of you are actually human? That’s

Nick: right. Am I sure you are who I think you are. Maybe none of us are who we are,

Joe: we [00:01:00] are, but I am Joe

Nick: You got Nick. 

Joe: got Nick. we’ve got Georgia and guest number one.

Bill_H: Hi, I am Bill Haller. I’m a artist and designer, work in television and film and comic books.

And I’m here for the horror 

Joe: here for the horror.

Here

Bill_H: here for the, I’m here for the horror. Yeah.

Nick: Oh

Joe: Yep. Here for the horror and our other guests.

Todd_T: Hi, 

I am Todd Thyer, and I’m a designer artist letterpress printer.

And I make books with my letter presses, I work in fiction predominantly,

but then I also do a lot of social justice, work as well. But who goes there?

and The Thing are like my favorite story. And they’re a big part of Who I am today.

Joe: awesome. Yes,

Bill_H: Yeah. You know what I’d like to say? Just at the top here. Thank you for giving me any excuse to rewatch The Thing. Reread Who Goes There. Go through my comic bin thinking, I know, I read a comic about this. I don’t care if [00:02:00] the internet says it doesn’t exist. Yeah. And I found it.

Yeah.

Nick: damn. 

Joe: There’s a few,

Bill_H: Yeah.

Joe: Horse? Dark Horse Did

Bill_H: I found a straight up adaptation that I read. When I was a kid, I’m pretty sure it’s the first time I came across any of this material was a 17 page adaptation that was published in like 73 or 74. Okay. Company called Whitman Comics. They had a magazine 

Todd_T: think I have 

Bill_H: yeah.

Georgia: All right. That’s awesome. I was gonna say edit, bring it for show and tell

Bill_H: own it. I couldn’t find it. I tracked it down on the

Georgia: Oh, I gotcha. You verified.

Bill_H: I do have CBRI can send you guys if you guys read Digital Comics, but I went through that because there’s a piece in there that I always remember when I read the books or watch the movies that.

Aren’t, it’s not anywhere else. And it’s like, where am I getting 

Joe: that 

Bill_H: from? And it’s from this comic. Yeah. Yeah.

Georgia: And I wanna mention too, that this is a second episode for you, Bill. Yeah.

Joe: it says [00:03:00] Yes,

Bill_H: Coming

Georgia: You’re only the second person to come for a second time, really. So it’s pretty, that’s pretty big. That

Bill_H: is, I feel.

Thanks

Joe: But

all

it all depends on the order of these episode releases in

Georgia: that’s true.

Bill_H: I guess I didn’t do so badly last time.

Joe: No, yeah, that’s right. So

Nick: were you able to find it? 

Joe: Oh,

Todd_T: So I’ve, I picked this up at a

comic show recently? It’s Quest Star?

Bill_H: yeah. That collects all those, yes. Yeah,

Todd_T: It’s like by Golden Press, but it’s got Who Goes There in it.

Bill_H: that’s the one.

Todd_T: this is the One. You read as a 

Bill_H: the, that’s a collection of the ones that I read as a 

Todd_T: oh, gotcha. Gotcha.

Bill_H: the one from the, apparently the magazine at the time was called Star Stream or Slipstream, I believe, and they only did three issues and then they co, somebody other company years later bought those issues and collected it into that graphic novel there.

So that has. That

Nick: oh damn

Georgia: ah, that’s so cool.

Joe: we’ll put that in the show 

Bill_H: But yeah, that one really, you know, I stumbled across it at a [00:04:00] Goodwill when I was probably 11, you know, and it was

cost me costing me a quarter or 

Todd_T: here’s the title. 

Bill_H: Yeah.

Nick: Oh damn.

Bill_H: And

Joe: nice

Bill_H: that

one Blair falls asleep on the block of ice that they just cut out and they’re transporting back to their base and he’s so tired that he falls asleep on the block of ice and has nightmares maybe psychically transmitted by the alien within.

And I always think of that and it never comes up again in the movies, and it’s not in the book. They just made that up from, you know, inferences and stuff in the story, but. My mind is wait, where is that

Georgia: You’re like, I know.

Bill_H: fall asleep on that thing?

Joe: Yeah,

Nick: Yeah. Hasn’t anyone taken a nap yet? Yeah.

Bill_H: Not enough naps in John Carpenter’s movie.

That’s where it falls down for

Joe: You need naps.

Bill_H: I’m gonna,

Joe: I’m gonna take a step back because

Georgia: because we probably need a list or some sort of you know, very. We’re just,

Joe: I wanna give my definition

Or my grounding and I have a list.[00:05:00] 

Georgia: We’re just really excited to talk about this. If you

Bill_H: so exciting.

Joe: Humor me a little bit, and then I do have a list and we can add and argue, but actually this has been a while since I’ve given a list right off the top.

But I’m gonna do this thing here, because 

Nick: I

Joe: I wrote something special because The Thing is special to me. I think as Todd said. I saw in 82, I was like seven. My dad took me to see it. Probably not advised to take your 7-year-old to see The Thing, but it did. It truly did.

Nick: But a 4-year-old is cool for this right

Bill_H: I can imagine.

Joe: Take a 4-year-old. So I have, The Thing is a self replicating polymorphic organism composed of functionally autonomous units capable of simulating and replicate, replicating the form and behavior of other organisms at a molecular and cognitive level. The Thing is, a horror made flesh, an unknowable, uncontainable intruder that weaponizes biology and identity by undermining the metaphysical distinction between self and other, revealing the fragility of human [00:06:00] perception, trust and cohesion who goes there.

And on this episode, we’re gonna find out who’s who.

Georgia: Ooh, Ooh.

Joe: And then, you know, just to ground everything I

Nick: there’s grounding in this

Joe: all, there’s gr, there’s grounding in the handwavium soup. We will, we’ll try to ground it and get someplace safe. I as rules and assumptions, watching the movies, the stories you know, the Carpenter Watts just going Campbell.

And so I have these kind of eight, I only had seven and I ran a list, actually passed my youngest son

and he added the

eighth Nice.

So I’m gonna give, I’m gonna give him credit for the eighth one because I was like, oh, what do you think it is? And didn.

Georgia: He loved the movie. He did love movie. We went What? What anniversary? It’s

Joe: The 40th

Georgia: Was it the 40th? I think like we recently went to the movie theater, you know, whenever it was re released. And we took Xavier and he’s oh yeah, I think we need to watch that again.

Like the next day. Yeah.

Bill_H: is

Joe: [00:07:00] he is like

Bill_H: a dream come true. That’s so cool.

Joe: I’m gonna figure out who’s who. He was like, really? He is I, you know, he’s mapping it.

Bill_H: I’m like,

Joe: wow, you should focus on your schoolwork like this man you know. 

Todd_T: How young did you expose

him to it?

show him at seven as 

well? 

Joe: was not seven. No, he was, it

Georgia: he was,

Joe: it was a few years. Either it was 12 or 13. Something in that 

Bill_H: ballpark. Well, Perfect. Is 

Joe: that right? Yeah.

Georgia: Yeah. If it’s even been that long, but like

Yeah. No,

in the last couple of years it hasn’t even been that long, has it? Yeah. So he’s 15 right now,

Joe: right now. Yeah. So we can do the math

Nick: later. 12 or 13 sounds

Joe: yeah.

Georgia: yeah.

Joe: I

Bill_H: that’s the kind of stuff that’ll stick with you.

Joe: right after, it was like right after the pandemic. It was a good time to go see The Thing. 

Bill_H: Oh man.

Joe: it of we can go to a movie theater with a mask on. So I have these eight kind of rules and assumptions that I, and we can add to ’em or you can, you guys can scratch some of ’em if you like.

One, I have any biomass can be assimilated, not just humans. Two. Each assimilated host becomes an independent replicator. [00:08:00] Three replication is cellular. No need for the full organism to act. So it’s, it really happens at the cellular level. It can spread via blood aerosol or tissue. Contact detection is difficult, especially early on and.

Assimilation time ranges from 10 minutes to a few hours. Depending on proximity and complexity. One fragment can start over like a viral pandemic with perfect self replication and the one that Xavier added, it can survive extreme cold temperatures for extended periods of time and heat fire.

Those 

Georgia: an extremophiles.

Nick: extreme. Oh, you’re bringing this one back,

Joe: we’re ringing it back from the Fantastic Four series, if you haven’t checked that out though. But yeah,

Nick: months ago, Georgia, months ago, as

Georgia: As many times as I could say that

Joe: did.

Nick: Yes.

Georgia: I like to say it. Thing

Joe: foul. Yes.

Bill_H: Now I have this unholy union of The Thing and a water bear like in my head right now.[00:09:00] 

Joe: Yes. That, so we The tardigrade We were like, oh, it doesn’t come up that often. And now 

Bill_H: no, it’s everywhere.

Joe: everywhere you go, the tardigrade. Yeah. So that’s what I had for the assumption, the assumptions of the thing and maybe rules. I don’t know. So I don’t know if I missed something or you guys, the one I held on after I read it was the actually, I don’t know now.

Nevermind. Detection is difficult. Especially early. I think at

Georgia: think detection is difficult, even not early on.

Wasn’t that the whole point 

Joe: Right. Yeah. Well, I 

Nick: I mean, there are certain ways, it’s just depending on what scientist is figuring it out. Yeah. Because what, in the prequel, the 2011, The Thing they were looking in everyone’s mouth. Let me see your fillers.

Joe: For the

Bill_H: that’s right. Yeah. For the fillers,

the fillings, right? Yeah, that’s

Joe: Or you have the clothes rip open, like that was the theory that you shred your clothes, like you lose ’em. But no one’s running around naked.

So I don’t know if 

Bill_H: a lot of that.

Nick: that was,

Joe: that’s not it. They got 

Todd_T: [00:10:00] Despite, Yeah,

despite the different deaths, like

everybody always seemed to, their shirts 

Joe: That’s right. They had pants on you know.

Bill_H: That 

Todd_T: They were no longer bloodied 

Bill_H: In Watt’s story. That he addressed a little bit that I thought was very interesting. His take on that the longer that it’s been in you and how much of it you’ve been exposed to. It may just be in there hanging out, learning things, you know, and not really affecting anything else. Yeah. Until maybe it’s all you and then,

Georgia: so it’s almost like it’s dormant a little bit, or not dormant, but

Bill_H: It was sneaky in his

Joe: Or which percentage.

Because I think the one thing that no one talks about is that not only is The Thing mimicking human cells

And function, but also we have a lot of other organisms that live in US, bacteria, fungal, and on us. So there, there are these other species. That’s why that any almost biomass can be converted then technically, because if your gut is still filled with [00:11:00] bacteria that, you might just have a lot of intestinal kind of 

Bill_H: mm-hmm. down 

Joe: as the thing comes in. So it is it’s fascinating. 

Bill_H: some, you,

Todd_T: yeah. If you can

subsume any sort of creature that you on the planets you land on, like you can

certainly do their microbes as well. 

Bill_H: That’s

Joe: Yeah. 

Yeah.

Bill_H: I basically watch The Thing once a year at least it is a part of my DNA. 

Joe: trying

to find a 

Nick: h Oh, wait, all the way down to your DNA?

Bill_H: Yes. All the way down.

Nick: man.

I gotta in you

Georgia: yeah. Is there a certain time of year you find yourself going over more in the winter times, you know, or maybe winter, like it’s really cold yeah,

Bill_H: I usually get a call to watch all like his unofficial apocalypse trilogy Carpenter’s Apocalypse, Trilogy with the the thing. And then what’s it? 

Todd_T: From New York.

Bill_H: no 

Todd_T: Oh. 

Bill_H: the lemme say I wrote this down

Nick: because

Bill_H: knew what would go outta my head the second I needed to remember

darkness. the one in the middle is

Joe: yeah, I’m trying to,

Bill_H: the one I always

Joe: you said darkness, and now I’m [00:12:00] like,

Bill_H: yeah. Now 

Georgia: now you’re stumping us. So it’s

Bill_H: The Thing, and it’s Prince of darkness. Prince of, and it’s

Georgia: it’s

Bill_H: of madness. Okay. And if you extend a little bit, there’s Cigarette Burns years later that like sh short film he did.

Georgia: So do you watch ’em like boom,

Bill_H: Yeah. Like one sort of initiates the other in my memory and I’m like I

Nick: gotta watch

Bill_H: other one. And they all have, they all harken up to the, end of the world in some way in different ways, but Right. They’re really interesting together, which I like sort of the ideas that they bring up and then play off of each other.

But so I’ve, I watch The Thing all the time, but I haven’t read the original story. Who goes there in ages? I’d forgotten quite a bit of

Georgia: there, there’s a really nice letter press copy that you could, it’s beautiful.

Joe: Yeah,

Bill_H: I will be getting one.

That’s what this is all about. It’s selling you a bunch of these books, isn’t it?

It worked damnit

Joe: That’s why we have people [00:13:00] on the podcast. So that’s

Bill_H: so there was quite a few things I forgot about the story. I was pleasantly surprised how much of even dialogue I recognized, you know, that Carpenter used in the film. But there was a bit in there where they’re talking about the cows that they have

and they go to check on the cows and then they’d come back and say, the cows are all dead. We killed them. They were all. Things. And one of the guys sitting there freaks out and rushes out into the Antarctic, apparently, to die. ’cause he just drank a bunch of the cow’s milk. Cow. That wasn’t a cow.

Nick: Oh, 

Bill_H: and then they test the milk and they say, it is. It is. As cow’s milk.

As cow’s milk is cow’s milk. And I thought that was a really interesting thing that the cow wasn’t a cow anymore, but it was such a perfect. Adaptation, you know,

Joe: and it made milk

Bill_H: that it made milk and the milk was okay. 

Nick: So that guy pretty much doomed the world though.

Joe: But I don’t

I don’t understand [00:14:00] why in that scenario that the milk wouldn’t have Thing

Bill_H: Things in it.

Georgia: That you could de

Joe: like it’s a convenient

Georgia: about detection. You should be able to detect something. This was

Bill_H: the fifties. They didn’t have, you know, quite as high levels Exactly.

Georgia: analysis of their milk and 

Joe: who’s you know, who’s

Georgia: and then at what point does the cow stop being the cow and become The Thing?

Joe: Yeah. And I was gonna ask,

Georgia: and I think that’s like your point, like at what point, do you know what I mean? Is the host.

Todd_T: I’ve always thought it’s more, almost like viral or it needs to reach a tipping

point before you’re like, especially in the original story of Who Goes There, he talks

Or no, I guess.

it’s more in the things because

You’re hearing through Peter Watts. you’re hearing the viewpoint of the alien,

but he’s trying to you know,

gain control. and how sometimes he’s just I just feel like I’m

wearing this

skin.

And then, you know, so it’s, so maybe it is that up

until a certain point.

like so many [00:15:00] hours or

whatever where it can multiply and Take over

The cells,

but yeah. You think the milk would go bad?

Bill_H: I 

Joe: wonder

Georgia: Or it tastes funny.

Joe: that kind of to play on that idea a little bit. If, does it matter how The Thing gains entry? So if it actually takes over the brain cells 

Bill_H: first. mm-hmm. 

Joe: Does it have now cognitive control versus if you you know, get a cut on your foot or something like that?

And it takes some time for it because it has now to assimilate all the foot cells, come up to leg cells, you know, you have this whole process. I mean, once it gets to the bloodstream, potentially, then you would have this kind of movement. But it, it’s then would you be as a human cognizant of it?

Oh, something’s wrong with me. You know, 

Georgia: I can feel it coming. 

Todd_T: It burns. 

Joe: is being disconnected from my body. All the neurons and everything aren’t firing correctly. I got a dead leg now. Why you gotta limp there all of a sudden?

Georgia: I’m trying to remember, I’m trying to, is there a clear way that The Thing [00:16:00] infects someone that’s not really, that’s not really,

Joe: it’s fast and loose. It’s it’s kinda like zombie biology you know, it’s like sometimes one little particle can do it. Sometimes you got your hands, you know, arm deep into a carcass and like pulling out organs and everyone’s watching.

It’s like everyone, there’s infected now. Just, I just wanna say the scientists there, they have no they’re,

Bill_H: every time it’s

Joe: and fast with you know, 

Georgia: not a, Not a good representation of the scientist.

It’s like a 

Joe: videos every year for training about biosafety, like what to do with needles and how to do this and how to take gloves off.

Nick: Is it bad that caught my attention too. I was like, this is definitely gonna be a Joe thing, where he’s they shouldn’t do that. Like they should be wearing some kind of sleeves going in and

Georgia: protective, yeah. You’ve got

Bill_H: Wilford Brimley, Blair walking around pointing out this still steaming carcass on the table. It looks hot and I know people say if you look really closely, his pencil doesn’t touch it, but he like [00:17:00] taps at it. He points at it and then almost immediately puts the pencil against his mouth and I’m screaming inside the whole time, oh my God,

Joe: Do not do that.

Bill_H: stop that. It

Joe: Hmm. It

tastes like raspberry.

Bill_H: I’d

Nick: would rather him just start licking at, I love just being like let’s see what this tastes like.

Joe: The one with the dogs, they go, they burn the dogs all up, but then they go in and he’s just cracking stuff. Look at this. There’s a, I mean, there’s particles

Bill_H: nitrile gloves.

Joe: It’s yeah. And he’s little, the thinnest gloves. One could get.

It’s for your pleasure. It was like, God

Nick: I’m not

Joe: there. Know. It’s like just,

Nick: they might as well just

Joe: yeah. It was like

Bill_H: Brimley 

Todd_T: don’t have to guess. When they lock him up, you’re like, oh

yeah, right. Yeah. 

the 

Joe: he was done. Really, I’m looking at everyone that’s around who gets close oh, let me see that second intestine that you pulled out there.

You know, it’s as he is going through the whole, you know, just really digging in there.

Bill_H: He’s really getting his hands

Joe: was just like 

Bill_H: I read that, I think that might have been something to do with the effects guy Rob Botin, who was like, originally they had this gonna be this creature.

We, we don’t know what it is yet. [00:18:00] We haven’t made it yet, but there’ll be this creature stalking around and he being like young and crazy was like. How about it’s like different every time we see it to partially in between changes and this and that and so it’s never the same creature. It’s always a different one.

And I can make, I can drive myself to the point of exhaustion making, you know, multiple different versions of these things every time it’s a new horror, you know? And that might’ve been where that sort of came from. And that does, it is nice, it does leave open

Georgia: think that

Bill_H: I don’t

Georgia: works perfectly with the story.

Yeah. The fact that it, that. It does shape shift and goes to all these things so it makes sense that the creature itself would be do you know what I mean?

Joe: but it was also that thing. If Blair, let’s say Blair got

Nick: that thing pretty

Joe: on

Bill_H: Kind of Thing.

Joe: and then he goes, lock this, lock the body up in a little coat closet with, you know, then you have the next couple people in there with it.[00:19:00] 

I mean, is it now, you know, like really thinking and strategizing, how do I spread myself to others? Because it, yeah, because The Thing does a great job at hiding itself, and it does a really poor job at hiding itself. And it usually breaks out at the most inopportune time. It’s you should really just stay quiet.

This is the time you stay

Nick: quiet. How are you making it through the galaxy like this, like you are going gungho. It’s just what? Why

Joe: Here I am now. Like when he went in the dog kennel, he could just chilled out. Yeah. But then it was like, oh, there’s four other dogs in there.

I’m gonna get ’em. This is my time. Like there you go now. And it’s and he obviously, or I’m saying he, it obviously had dealt with dogs before and understand that once you rope the dog with your coily, stringy stuff and juices, that they’re gonna freak out and then humans will come. And it, is that a strategy, I mean, is that the strategy? Once the humans come, then I can spray them and it was an interesting thing. Like what [00:20:00] was the strategy with the dog kennel? ’cause he could have just laid back and then went and bit people and licked them and really just, it could have, I keep saying he, I don’t know. 

Todd_T: I think it’s I think that the theme is

like universal bad decisions. Like just

later when you see like people going out into the dark by

themselves or you know, don’t go up

there, there’s a killer in the basement or whatever.

It’s yep. Even brilliant space creatures are like

Joe: Yeah.

Georgia: right,

Nick: That makes me feel good about the

Georgia: That’s right. We all have

Nick: can just do it. 

Todd_T: you’ve got a chance. Yeah.

Bill_H: I don’t know, for the listener, we are drawing from three, like major texts here, right? Yeah. Like you got the, who goes there

so 

Joe: I can, who goes there by John W.

Campbell, 1938, right? We have The Thing From Another World, 1951. That was the

Georgia: Okay. And that was the movie. Yeah.

Joe: we 

Todd_T: the Howard 

Joe: Howard

Hawkes. We have The Thing 1982 by John Carpenter. And then we have The Thing, the prequel 2011 there,

Nick: but it’s also just called The Thing,

Joe: called The [00:21:00] 

Nick: It’s 

Bill_H: A Little Confusing

Joe: the Things by Peter Watts in 2010.

That was a short short fiction.

Bill_H: which

was fantastic

Joe: from the perspective of The Thing. I

did 

Bill_H: not read

that one and it knocked my socks off. I seriously, the last sentence knocked some wind out of me. I ver I was like, oof. When I read the final sentence of that story, 

Todd_T: it hits like a punch. 

Bill_H: it was a physical punch into my guts.

But there he deals with a lot of some of these ideas in a very interesting way. And the original story does too, that you can’t quite get across in, you know, action horror film. But there are some interesting things in there about in Watt’s specifically that the things he the creature is letting those things happen as, you know, sometimes as distractions, right?

So that, you know, it can continue to do other things while everyone is rushing around trying to track down a monster. It’s still a dog somewhere or one [00:22:00] of these other guys, and it’s doing things, you know, many Blair in the movie is in that hut for days building a spaceship.

Joe: so

Bill_H: you know,

Joe: I mean, at the dog scene, and I’m gonna go back

Georgia: dog scene in

Joe: thing 82 Carpenter, the dog actually splits off

Bill_H: So

Joe: then goes out somewhere to either assimilate into another dog.

Or do something out in the wild. And so you had that scene. So not only was Blair out there, but there was another fully formed thing that was out there running around and running off somewhere. You’re right. It was one of these things where it actually, it never really, no one ever said, where’d that thing go?

Like it was just gone. Like they flame thrower. Childs came up with the flame thrower. They flame

Georgia: That’s probably a good thing to ask. No one

Joe: let’s go out and find it.

Georgia: Either that or just let’s not worry about that. Let’s pretend that didn’t happen.

Joe: But this gets to, to a point that it’s [00:23:00] not just assimilation either because that dog it developed a lot of biomass that it just is.

So there’s some, you know, rapid growth factors that’s happening. I mean, it was, it had arms. I mean, it really reached 10, 12 feet. I don’t know how tall it was, but it reached up with strength pulled itself out. So you had all these scenes where it wasn’t just, I’m making another Bill. It’s like I can actually do other stuff on the fly.

And is that’s probably pulling from some historical DNA, is it, does it have like many copies of species DNA that it can pull from in some conscious. Way. I mean, it really I started thinking about that as a, as an organism.

Bill_H: that’s always what I imagined like the things we were seeing, especially in that scene. Yeah. Where we get that at the end we get that like flesh flower that blooms that’s right from the head of the

Joe: that. Yep. Yeah. 

Bill_H: Oh my, this is some sort of alien creature that it is assimilated eons ago and is just referencing from, its [00:24:00] like memory banks of anything it’s ever been and if it’s got enough.

Biomass, it can just recreate whatever that is. 

Joe: I mean that dog wasn’t, didn’t have a lot of biomass. No. I mean, it, I think if we did

Bill_H: technically he was also attached by its tendrils and

Joe: stuff. Yeah. But he wasn’t, I mean,

Bill_H: and could have been drawing in.

Joe: That was a lot. I mean

Bill_H: a lot. It was

Joe: that was

like 10 dogs worth

Todd_T: But that’s where in The Things like, so when I talked to Peter Watts about this, he was just like, that was one of the things that he was, try he tries to,

fix some 

of those little errors. 

Like he was in, in,

the Things he refers to it, like eating all their food

In the background.

and then not knowing it.

But yeah, it does certainly grow

exponentially.

Joe: Because you not only have the biomass, but you also need the energy to calories. So even though you’re eating all the food, and we can,

Nick: how many calories does a human have, Joe?

Joe: how many calories does a human have? Yeah.

Nick: If you were to eat a human body.

Georgia: we’ve talked about this I feel like we have, but I don’t remember.

Joe: think it was like, was it like a hundred thousand?

I mean, it was

Georgia: it was a lot.

Joe: Yeah. It was enough [00:25:00] for someone to turn into a werewolf.

Nick: Oh, that was last Halloween episode. Episode last h geez.

Joe: That’s right. 

Georgia: I’m just thinking about in nature. Like creatures that are para parasites. And that can and then also there’s creatures that can change.

Like I, I don’t know. I’m not, I don’t have anything specific, but it just seems like something in nature is similar to that.

Bill_H: Yeah. Like a butterfly over its lifespan does completely physically transform at some point. 

Joe: And actually will it juices itself down and then it reforms out of that, , so it uses that biomass, it converts it down to basic, like a soup and then

Bill_H: which is amazing forms

Joe: out of it. Yeah. So that was something there, but yeah, there’s no real,

there’s nothing

on earth that we can directly compare to the thing.

Georgia: that we know of.

Joe: unless we are right. No, we’re there. But there are, there were a lot of things, and I I mean, just thinking about it , we’ve formed , relationships or with things over [00:26:00] time at the cellular level . So mitochondria and chloroplast, those are organelles.

And you carry our cells. So our cells have mitochondria, plants have chloroplast or those photosynthesis, but those organelles used to be free living organisms that were eating, eaten by something else and then incorporated to do work for the cells. And then they became larger, more multi complex organisms.

You know, that type of thing happens in nature. We have mind controlling organisms.

So we have, you know, corti opus is all of age right now you know, the parasitic fungus, you know, you know, the wasp, 

Bill_H: that can,

Joe: as they get infected, they do things. Toxoplasma Gondii.

That one’s really cool that can actually infect mammal brains.

It’s

Georgia: It’s cool unless it happens to you

Joe: particular, it, if people don’t know it, infects rod. So lifecycle is multi organism, so it infects rodents and then the rodents can become infected and then they become attracted to cats, which will kill the, and eat

Nick: what kind of attracted to cats? What 

Joe: [00:27:00] it aggressively goes after the cat.

Bill_H: Not sensually.

Nick: Oh, okay. It’s not,

Joe: I mean, 

Nick: I was like, is it like, Hey cat?

Todd_T: seen that? You 

don’t 

Nick: that’s right. The rat 

Joe: doesn’t live long enough to really get his

Bill_H: I’m not a scientist. I’m not a sexy scientist. I shouldn’t have, I’ve, I’m

Nick: Hey kitty cat whatcha you up to

Joe: Toxoplasma will, it actually can infect human brains. It actually will.

So if you have a cat on, like an indoor outdoor cat and you change litter, you probably are infected with Toxoplasma

Nick: Oh, Joe, you didn’t tell me

Georgia: they weren’t, they warn a lot about Yeah, if you’re pregnant, you really are not supposed to change

Joe: and that’s why yeah, if it’s an indoor cat, you probably don’t have a lot to, you probably don’t have to worry unless you got a, you know, a rodent problem, then you probably do.

Especially if they’re playing with the cat. I think like in Tom and Jerry, I think Jerry was infected with Toxoplasma.

Bill_H: Definitely. That makes really

Joe: challenged Tom a lot. I mean, he was in his face

Bill_H: just left him alone. It

Joe: right. It wasn’t, it was like The Thing, it was like, what are you doing there, guy?

Come on let’s back off of him. Yeah. So Toxoplasma is [00:28:00] one there we have organisms that do gene transfer, horizontal gene transfer, so different species, so agrobacterium. So Agrobacterium is really well known in the molecular genetics community, especially with plants. It’s a bacterium that can transfer.

DNA from itself to a plant. So it’s used for a lot of modifications. So gene modification of plants, GMOs. That was the kind of breakthrough technology understanding and hijacking that for our purposes. But in the wild, it does it all the time. So it will have these kind of transfers like that. So we have things like that where you can move DNA

Bill_H: Between

Joe: different species.

You know, we have cell mimics, so there’s things that will digest other organisms and use their bits. So there’s , the sea slugs that will eat algae and then use the chloroplast to do photosynthesis in itself. And so we you know, so we have all these things. We have bits, we have all the makings of it, so we just get some funding, get in the lab, and we can do

Bill_H: it, stick ’em

Joe: you [00:29:00] know,

Nick: in the 51 film. They said something about the material of it being plant-like.

Bill_H: Yeah.

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: so they said that it could pretty much be a intelligent carrot.

you go. So is the thing a carrot?

It’s it’s a carrot.

Joe: That’s what they had. It’s eight feet tall. It had arms and legs.

Nick: I just wanted to be 

Joe: It came out. It was like, I am Groot. It’s it.

Nick: Oh,

man. Gro has a lot of, that’s

Joe: Gr fruit is a thing.

Bill_H: That was an interesting take. It was an interesting take. They really did make, they changed a lot of the story.

Nick: It was just like, why, what?

It’s coming.

Bill_H: which is funny because really I, for me, I lo I love the special effects and the thing visual guy, I draw that kind of thing all the time. Tentacles, , twisting veins and things like that. But the real scare of the story for me is the like. You know, that whole who you can’t trust anybody

Joe: Yeah. That

Georgia: It definitely

Bill_H: who is who, and that story [00:30:00] doesn’t need any special

Georgia: effects. None to be told.

Exactly. In the fifties, That’s they still could have made a very convincing version of that story without, with very few special effects. You know, they didn’t need a big monster rampaging through the hallways. They could have just, you know, hinted at a couple of things here and there, and then let your imagination go with, now who

Joe: was gonna say that in, I’m, I’ll have to look it up and put it in show notes, but Invasion of body 

Bill_H: Mm-hmm. 

Joe: That was the fifties, right? That was all in that time. Paranoia. It wasn’t the fifties. It was in the sixties, but yeah, you had that, , if it quacks like a duck, it looks like a duck, then it’s a duck. You know, you had that same idea. That’s, and then they remade it in the seventies, the Donald Sutherland movie where it had, you know, but the special effects wasn’t I think in that one, the Donald Sutherland Spock and Jeff Goldblum, they were all young.

A very young Jeff Goldblum, I believe. I don’t know if he was young. I don’t know

Georgia: They all were

Nick: than you.

Georgia: They all were pretty young. Yeah.

Joe: was the idea, the paranoia, because you work your way through that movie, who to trust, who [00:31:00] can’t you trust? And the special effects wasn’t besides the big green pods with some, you know, vines hanging off of ’em.

It wasn’t, and no big monsters 

Georgia: really. 

Joe: at the end when he opened his,

That, like you said, that gut punch of an ending that was yes. Yeah. But

Todd_T: In, in doing all the

research for these books and just knowing what was.

what had come before and not wanting to do the same.

Like I just learned a lot about him and that apparently it’s

really supposed to be about

communism. Like they’re, you know, 

Joe: Yeah. The book one, that’s right.

Todd_T: and 

Georgia: right.

Todd_T: Make it an alien 

Bill_H: Yeah. That makes 

Georgia: It was really like that post World War II kind of, and this whole idea about the Atomic Age and not understanding, the atomic bomb and all the, I think that had a big influence on that.

That’s But

Joe: it was the 51 movie was set in Alaska.

To

go with that same, that paranoia from world the post-war kind of paranoia and communism that was very different than the other ones were set in

Georgia: And [00:32:00] I love that. John Carpenter was a young boy and watched Yeah. That watched the 1951 movie, and that had such an effect on him.

He loved it. Yeah. Yeah. 

Bill_H: Yeah. Not

so much the monster, but 

Georgia: And then when he did his movie, we had Reagan. And we had the kind of, you know, and also the Cold War kind of thing. So in some ways, those. Those themes were repeated, you know? Yeah. I wanna

Bill_H: muddy the waters with one more extra story.

Georgia: Oh, please.

Bill_H: in looking back into this stuff, digging through it, right? I started checking out was it Campbell? My, my brain is shot. Yeah. 

Joe: Campbell wrote the story. 

Bill_H: He wrote a story a couple years before who goes there. He wrote a whole bunch of stories.

He’s a very prolific author before he became an editor. And there was apparently a very famous author who he either died or he quit, and the magazines asked Campbell to fill the hole by writing a similar kind of story, sort of like upbeat, humorous [00:33:00] stories about a couple of like scientists who like, you know, go out doing things.

And so he came up with these guys named Preston and Penton and Blake, and he wrote a couple of Penton and Blake Adventures, and one of them was called Brain Steelers of Mars.

and in that one it’s it is a great read. It’s pretty

Georgia: that one needs to be made into, it’s very,

Bill_H: It’s pen. Penton and Blake are these like, seriously two fisted atomic scientists who are, they’re on the run from earth.

Because it’s illegal to do atomic experiments on Earth. And they did it anyway man, because they know what they’re doing.

and they,

not only did they do it at the beginning of the store, they’ve done it, they’ve cracked it and they’ve used it to power their spaceship. So now they can get to planets that no one have been able, hadn’t been able to get to.

And they, which is good ’cause they have to get away from Earth. ’cause they’re 

on the lamb, and they land on Mars and they start seeing trees that look like trees from [00:34:00] Earth. And it’s weird. Until they go look at the trees and then the trees are different than they were when they saw them at first.

And then they run into centar. The, these are the creatures that live on Mars, these centaurs. And it turns out that those trees are another creature that lives on the planet. A shape shifting creature that, eats their children and takes their pl the place of their children. And

Joe: Wow.

Bill_H: they used to have a problem with it, obviously, but since they can’t tell the difference between the children that were real and the children that are the reproductions, they’ve stopped worrying about it.

And for generations have just lived alongside these other creatures, these mimics. And they’re just like,

Georgia: do?

Bill_H: Alright. And, but our American boys, that’s where the

Georgia: how I stopped worrying it. They’re

No,

Bill_H: we are leaving now. And it [00:35:00] becomes this huge deal where suddenly copies of Penton and Blake start showing up and they’ve gotta get away from the planet and get back to earth without these mimics coming back to earth.

And there are sections in that story. I don’t think they make it into the published version of who goes there, but there’s that, Frozen 

Todd_T: Frozen hail. 

Bill_H: There are passages in there that are almost word for word where they’re like if a thing got stranded in the desert, it could just make itself a cactus and get along just fine.

If a snake tried to bite it, it could turn itself into something that couldn’t be bitten by a snake. And, you know, he rattles off these great things that this creature could do to avoid, you know, dying and live basically anywhere. And I was like, I recognize that. I just read that.

Georgia: Oh my gosh.

Bill_H: But that was definitely where that like where he

first had that idea and was playing with it in a much more comical, but still really right, freaky way.

And then a couple years later, he dusted that off and went at it [00:36:00] from a different angle for who goes there. But I’m interested in what you think about this idea that like, all right, the things here, some of us are things. 

Georgia: Let’s just deal with it. I can’t prove you’re not, you’re

Bill_H: the thing. And if even if you are you’re just as good a Georgia as you were before,

Georgia: maybe better.

Bill_H: you know? In the Watts story, it’s that the creature is going for advancing species. It’s like taking things over and bringing in its mind, bringing the worlds together and bringing them to a higher, you know, more perfect organism. And in this story, it’s it’s perfect Camouflage in, in a, like a really disturbing way to me that I, coming to terms with that was super

Georgia: That’s the feeling you got at the end of body snatchers. You know what I mean? I don’t know,

Joe: almost, you start talking like a Ship, of Theseus kind of thing where you’re going like after some point almost doesn’t matter.

Bill_H: right?

Joe: It’s, are you still the same or have [00:37:00] you changed enough to be something different? Are you really a different Joe

Georgia: And I think 

Joe: or Bill,

Georgia: idea that we’re losing our humanity and we, you know what I mean? We don’t wanna lose our humanity,

Joe: Yeah. And you have that. I mean, that was the anime Parasite

that you had that, so that was the same thing.

Alien species comes and it infects people. If it goes through like the nose, mouth, ear, it gets to the brain and then they become. A parasite, whatever the, this alien creature, but the protagonist of the story, the alien goes into the arm ’cause it was like dying or sick, I can’t remember that. But it went into the arm and then just the arm was the alien, but the rest of the body and the brain was human.

You, you get some mixing and stuff and the episodes go through and that, that’s really it. What is humanity? What are you struggling for? And that’s that same kind of idea looking at where does, where do you draw the line between humanity and other, you know, the thing like, you know, so at some level, [00:38:00] but if you are cognitively making copies and assimilating, are you assimilating?

And then using that and maintaining that level of humanity in, in yourself Or are you know, bringing other things to the table that you have.

Todd_T: Just the themes of that

Just

were

so

reminiscent of,

colonialism, of just Oh you’re an uneducated,

heathen, 

let me introduce you to the ways of the universe.

Bill_H: Yeah. Wa that story, man, that final line in Watt’s story just blew me away. And I, he did a beautiful thing there. And that, the paragraph leading up to that, the creature is musing and sort of like contemplative and things sort of ease off and chill out a little bit. Oh, okay, this creature’s okay it’s I see.

And then bam, it’s all,

Georgia: can you see that story being adapted to a film or something visual?

Like

Bill_H: It’s all internal. And I don’t know how you would [00:39:00] do 

Georgia: so

Bill_H: Somebody could do it. Maybe somebody great or

Georgia: something. It’d have

You know? 

Bill_H: But it would be really hard to do, I feel visually, I don’t know.

What do you think?

Joe: yeah.

Todd_T: I haven’t

thought about that, but now that, yeah.

It’s it’s all it is. I mean, that’s what the, that’s

what my Illustration. challenge was with my 

additions. How, you know, it’s the alien talking and thinking and trying to understand why these people are so bad to you know,

you Woke me up.

and now you want to kill me.

What? I just wanna sh I just wanna show you what I know. Don’t know. 

I’d love to see it in a film.

Bill_H: Yeah.

one 

Joe: one of the interesting things is after The Thing assimilated somebody, let’s say Blair, ’cause he probably was the fir or to, I think Blair probably was the first fully assim assimilated. If, let’s go with that. Let’s say one of them. But why the thing. Could have spoke through Blair and communicated with the humans in some way because you would have

Nick: but humans are brash and they’ll

Joe: But [00:40:00] you could have pulled I think you, it probably could have chatted with somebody and be like, Hey, guess what? Or given, be

Bill_H: aside,

Joe: tipped off with the

Georgia: what? Instead of going crazy. Because

Joe: that’s, that was the thing about Blair and I pick on Blair because I think he was digging in and he should have been assimilated if he wasn’t.

So when he destroyed the 

Bill_H: mm-hmm. 

Joe: and went crazy and they locked him in the shed, I guess the assumption was he had not fully assimilated maybe. So he might’ve been struggling. His humanity versus a Thing in his mind, maybe he was this, his intelligence, he could actually parse that, was thinking about it and knew, oh crap, I’m infected, I’m going down.

And then when he got to the shack and was like, Hey, I’m okay, you can let me back in. Was that now the thing like, Hey, you can really trust me again. 

Bill_H: I love that

Joe: I was just

Bill_H: that part

Joe: really one of those things. It was like, Hey I hear noises and

Bill_H: I’m really much better

Joe: right. Yeah. I’m really,

Nick: oh,

Bill_H: I’m

Georgia: ao

Joe: a okay

Georgia: now buddy. 

Joe: You know. Yeah, you’re a hundred percent thing. Now. Maybe back then you were 50 50 and you were really [00:41:00] struggling against you know, this entity in you and couldn’t communicate that you just raged up because you were with the lizard brain. Might have been all that was left of the human the humanity was reduced to the lizard brain, and that was, let me protect, you know, he had all those numbers in his head, which

Bill_H: I always thought that was inter, that was possible. I don’t know. Oops. I always thought it was possible. They, because in the book they make a, they kinda make a big point about not destroying.

The radio equipment and even go so far as to talk about creating fake broadcasts back so that everyone thinks that they’re okay and nobody sends out a search party because a search party, until they deal with it one way or another, even if that means death until they deal with it,

A

search party would mean infection for the world.

So they were, there was a bunch of stuff

Georgia: So like the reporter was wanting to get out there, the

Joe: the word out.

But you, but you also had, which was really clever in a narrative device [00:42:00] in that story, was that you had the paranoia still of the Cold War and keeping secrets. So really it was like,

Georgia: you

mean of the

Joe: Yeah. In there. And so

Georgia: of the,

Joe: were they thinking of this as a weapon? Can we weaponize this?

Because you always you know, like the alien, we need to weaponize it, right? Let’s you know 

Todd_T: Go.

Bill_H: You know, we,

Joe: you know, t rexes weaponize it. You know, that’s

Nick: can I put a machine gun on it?

Write the

Joe: weapons. Can we make a weapon out of this thing? Then let’s go your green light.

Nick: Can we put a laser on a head and have it attack

Bill_H: Like 

Joe: anything. It’s man, this thing’s gonna eat everybody in the world. How can we turn into a weapon?

Bill_H: It already is like, It just, we need

Georgia: That sounds like a good weapon.

Joe: I think we can control this uncontrollable weapon. Okay. Eh, yeah. Let’s do it.

Okay. Yeah. No I wonder if that was part of that and a really nice narrative kind of setup that you had, whereas you’re in Antarctic, you know, Antarctica.

You know, you, you have people coming in probably to check on your supply drops and things like that. I had friends when I was in grad school that would go down and [00:43:00] stay at the science center there studying an Antarctica plant life.

And so they would go and stay down there for months at a time and then come back and they would talk about the supply drops and things like that. Did

Georgia: Did they ever watch The Thing while they were there?

Joe: I don’t, I didn’t

Georgia: ask

Joe: but the other thing is that alcohol was banned. So you, you weren’t allowed, I mean, people smuggled it in, I mean, like anything.

But you weren’t supposed to, it wasn’t actively encouraged. So I always think when I watch The Thing and he’s got his JB and he’s just I’m gonna go to my shack and get drunk. It’s just with his sombrero you know, it’s this kind of,

Nick: I actually do have a problem with one of the first scenes in the thing, the John Carpenter one chess, no. So when they were doing the that was funny too.

But when the Norwegian guy came in, the guy inside busted open the window to shoot him,

Joe: Oh, yeah.

Nick: Windows aren’t easy to come by out there, right? 

Joe: Yes. Yeah they

Nick: I’m assuming they would be thicker than that. You

Joe: mean they’re Swedish?

Nick: I thought it was Norwegian.

you. I was like, wait.

Joe: [00:44:00] that’s what

Nick: I was like, I watched the movie.

I know the film.

Joe: I was hoping I got the do that. But yeah. So thank you. Thank you very much.

Nick: But yeah, I’m assuming

Georgia: been that easy to

Nick: He just busts it over him with his hand and it’s 

Joe: and quick shot too. Yeah. I mean that was,

Nick: very little aiming.

Joe: Oh, aim. I mean, you know, he didn’t even do

Bill_H: you

Joe: twist, neck twist and side it up. It was just go for it. Yeah.

Bill_H: I don’t know. I would imagine they would have thicker

Joe: glass. Yes.

Georgia: Yeah. But,

also 

Nick: frowned upon to just break open a window

Joe: not open it and go out and this Yeah. I don’t 

Nick: he walks out the door, the very next scene like. Seconds later, he’s out the door.

He’s

Bill_H: He’s gotta, he’s gotta protect his men, you 

Todd_T: But there was an active shooter

situation. You don’t know what you 

Bill_H: already shot in the

Georgia: lake. Shot in the lake. The dog’s

Joe: A dog’s licking him. 

Todd_T: Yeah. 

Joe: It’s right there. You can, you get student, the count right there, like pop, all these folks are infected, but then they’re really not, like when they did the [00:45:00] blood test, which once again, can a thing, if it’s a conscious organism, can it choose to display pain or not?

Like you were saying, and you know, Watts version that it was doing these things to be a distraction. Was it really reacting to the fire or was it just putting on a display? Because now it set people up, they’re all tied to a couch and things like that. They got ’em lined up in a row and this is it, you know, distract here.

Palmer can split his head open and juice blood flies all over an aerosol. But, you know, the 

Bill_H: original story, they talk about the possibility of it leaving them sort of. As food for later, like having taken over a couple guys, it knew that they’re in the middle of nowhere and it knew that it might not see any more people for a little while.

So it could just not, it didn’t have to take over everybody. It would just take over people when it needed to eat or when it needed to do something.

Joe: eating?

It wasn’t eating, it [00:46:00] wasn’t feeding off people.

Bill_H: It’s that was their conjecture. They were still talking about it at the

Joe: Oh, I see.

Okay. How it worked.

Bill_H: yeah.

Joe: yeah. So I was like, that’s not it. It would just eat regular food. I would imagine like a can of beans, like whatever they had in the pantry,

Bill_H: or It could, we could, I mean, as you know, we use our stores of fat. Maybe, you know, it could use our stores of fat as well to,

Joe: or did it use the store as a fat to assimilate?

Fat cells are human cells. So are they now? Thing. Sell and Thing. Fan. Yeah, the thing fan, it’s the new,

it’s the new weight loss plan.

Georgia: the whole idea about the com, this communist scare and who’s a communist and who’s not. And there’s those scenes, where there’s those posters about venereal disease and who could have it.

And they’re official, like from the government do you know you know, so it like completely feeds on that home, like paranoia and that.

Joe: I love it too, that they have those [00:47:00] signs up in the base where it’s all men.

What does that say?

I mean, so little progressive there. It’s like 

I was 

gonna, I was gonna add something because we had the, the Campbell story, I was 38 in, in there. But DNA as a hereditary agent wasn’t really known until 44. So when that story was written, it still wasn’t quite, how does DNA,

How does that, how’s that functioning?

How does it act? I think people had idea, but the actual DNA molecule, and that’s a thing in the cell that’s doing the job. That was round then and I’ll put that in the show notes that date and make sure that’s right. And another movie from the nineties and The Stuff

The stuff a little bee a bee movie. And it was these guys are out mining and then they discover something’s bubbling and then they eat it for whatever reason.

Bill_H: I remember. Really? I remember very

Joe: ice cream. Yeah. It’s 

Bill_H: a homeless

Joe: no, that’s

Bill_H: stumbling around and there’s just [00:48:00] white stuff bubbling up and you Yeah. He makes that sound like, eh,

Joe: Just

Bill_H: a bite, loves it.

Starts digging it out of the ground.

Joe: They go, yeah. It’s like the whole thing. They start mining it and it’s just this random stuff coming out the ground. And it’s similar. It takes over the, it’s a parasitic kind of organism that takes over and does that. So I, that came to mind as we were talking, that you have this and then who’s who who’s infected with the stuff and who’s not.

And then it’s just out in the store. It’s like the grocery store. It’s gotta get The Stuff. There’s like a jingle in my head. I can almost hear it still if you haven’t seen The Stuff.

Georgia: It’s a cautionary tale.

Todd_T: I 

have not. 

Joe: fun watch. Like it’s just, if you’re gonna take over people, The Thing needs to do that.

Just getting ice cream, man. That’s you’re

Bill_H: and you’re in

Joe: milk, the cow’s milk. It added

Bill_H: Just

a little sugar, a little vanilla. That’s

Joe: right.

You’ve got it. You’ve got it there. 

Georgia: This

totally doesn’t have to do with The Thing, like the science of the thing or anything, but I didn’t even realize it was Howard Hawks that made

Bill_H: [00:49:00] Oh, yeah.

Georgia: And the 1951 version. And when I read that, he’s one of my favorite, I mean, he made so many movies, but Bringing Up Baby is like all time favorites. And I think to myself, how did that same person make bringing a baby? And, 

Bill_H: he was like the producer of it, but there’s a lot of talk about, he did a lot of, A lot of directing of the film. He was on set and making decisions and

Georgia: And The Big Sleep,

Bill_H: it feels like a lot, all that, like people talking over each other, you know, moving around as they talk and, you know, the even a little bit of sexual tension between the secretary and

Was the captain, you know, like that’s all very hawk and,

Georgia: Yeah. It totally, once I like it came to me, I was like, oh my gosh. And I didn’t know, but Howard Hawks was born in Goshen, Indiana. go.

I didn’t know that. So anyway, I just thought I’d throw that off. You should

Bill_H: have known it. Yeah. Hoosier you all along.

Joe: out. I mean, I really, I enjoyed a movie 51 because there’s just like [00:50:00] two botanists in there on the team.

I mean, botanists were very revered scientists back in the day. And if people don’t know, I, my PhD in botany. So that’s we’re that’s it. So

Bill_H: they’re the real smarties

Joe: when it’s there. You know,

Bill_H: I had a real question for you. The head scientist sort of makes a turn, like in the story the 

Joe: or Who Goes which story?

Bill_H: in Hawks’,

Joe: Okay. Yeah. Okay.

Bill_H: The thing with

Nick: The guy with the turtleneck, right?

Georgia: the

Bill_H: with the turtleneck, he starts off okay, he’s a scientist. You know, and the government rushes in and just starts taking over. And so you’re a little bit on his side, you know, Hey, he’s out here doing his job, trying to figure things out.

These guys come and just start telling him what to do. But then he slowly, he’s his he’s the quintessential sort of crazed scientist where like the science gets in the way of everything else till at the end he’s like telling everyone that they should all, we should all die. It’s more important for this thing to continue living so that it can be studied.

By, but my, [00:51:00] I, there was a real disconnect for me. Eh,

Joe: If

Bill_H: if you are all dead.

Nothing’s going to stop the next group of people from also being dead. Somebody’s gotta survive so the information can serve. The science is great. I love it, you know, but if you don’t have someone to pass that science on, this thing’s just gonna kill everybody, you know?

Joe: I think also in that generation of movies, the scientists, A, they knew a whole lot about the alien

With very little information. And B, they always wanted to communicate, be friendly, you know, the idea that if you travel, light years, you have the technology to travel light years away, arrive on earth, that you’ll have transcended the follies of mankind.

You must

Bill_H: be an advanced species of some kind, except, 

Joe: you know, if we humanize them then and we go, they’re gonna act just like any other advanced species. When they go somewhere new, they [00:52:00] usually go with guns a blazing. Like they don’t show up like, you know, peaceful usually. I mean, we haven’t, so I don’t know why we would expect, like what is this expectation now?

Oh, they’re gonna be so much more different out there, have seen so much more and traveled. Why are they traveling all this way to get here? You know? I mean some, there’s this exploration, so you have this thing where, and I think a lot of the scientists were like that in those movies where they were like, Hey, let’s give ’em the benefit of the doubt.

Maybe they have something they can teach us and you know, yeah, they can teach the takeover. You know, it’s I dunno if that’s like it. So I do think it’s funny that’s. You still see it and I think Mars attacks poked fun of that. Yeah, that was a very

Fun, because that was like that whole hum homage to that genre of sci-fi movies and stories that the scientists were always Hey, let’s let’s be friends.

You know, they can teach us something about something that we don’t know, but I know everything about their anatomy. Got it.

but Yeah.

Todd_T: Is an interesting Contrast

between the two, the Hawks version and the

[00:53:00] Carpenter version.

I mean, not like the original had so Many people.

I mean, it was just like this big

military base versus what, like 12 or 

Bill_H: mm-hmm. That’s

Joe: right. 

Todd_T: Carpenter’s, which just

makes it feel So much tighter,

and more

paranoid ridden.

Bill_H: Yeah. Isolated claustrophobia really 

Todd_T: Yep. 

Georgia: and also all men.

Joe: All men. Yeah. Yeah. The original the 51 movie had at least one

Bill_H: I think there

Nick: were two, and the prequel had, yeah. Two. 

Bill_H: The

pre

Joe: had the couple. Yeah. So yeah, I think they could have used a couple women there that probably would’ve, Hey, you knew you should wear different gloves, bud.

You know, 

Nick: Are you sure you wanna be looking that? What are you doing? That’s right.

Bill_H: It’s fine. It’s imitation.

Todd_T: The eraser, Ugh.

Bill_H: Yeah.

Nick: You just lick your eraser 

Todd_T: no. I was just like

making the motion

Nick: Oh, I thought you went ahead and did it anyways. I was like, you shouldn’t do that. Yeah.

Joe: Todd, we need some blood for the Petri dish test. Come on, flame. Throw it up. That’s an official test we do at the lab. That was in the videos [00:54:00] I watch. It’s if you got questions, just do the Petri dish test.

Go ahead. And so Todd as a question, as you went through and you put together these stories, I mean, did you find, what was the connection or threads and things like that? Bet you know, between the thing as a creature because they, it’s presented different in so many stories. I mean, were there threads?

, I gave my list of what it can do, maybe from a cell point of view, but from a, narrative point of view. I think that’s

Todd_T: of, was a pretty comprehensive list. Like for in doing The Things I wanted to,

I spent some time

In a phone call.

or

I asked Peter Watts a bunch of

questions and,

I. To hear a zu I think he’s a zuo biologist.

Like I, I love the the amount of science that he’s bringing to

his science fiction, like Adrian

Tchaikovsky, you know, like his living creatures just feel so

realistic. You know, it’s like my take from the stories is just like this Thing

Seems it’s like the pinnacle

of evolution even though it’s not [00:55:00] evolution. It’s you know, something different. But

you know, talking about the the distributed 

intelligence and

how would that work?

If the beast gets too big now, you’ve

got latency issues with communicating and just,

I don’t know, as an artist

like hearing, like just

learning so much about this about biology was just, I don’t know.

I found like pretty amazing. 

Joe: Yeah, no I think, I always think of fungal slime molds. 

Bill_H: I was thinking a lot about fungus this time ever. I didn’t know about it much as a kid, but since then I’ve learned a lot more and it is very fascinating and. Yeah. The,

Joe: Except from your beer drinking

Bill_H: Thing?

Joe: a lot

Bill_H: No, it’s just, it’s growing in the corner of my

Georgia: studio.

Bill_H: and don’t look at it and no one will worry.

Joe: Yeast is a a fungus for people out there in the world 

Bill_H: But I thought Watts really brought some really cool things to the table. Yeah, definitely to think about. And talking about,

The way he embodied this intelligence it seemed to have come across [00:56:00] obviously vast distances. It’s come across who knows how many planets and assimilated them or gone through them in some way.

And a big surprise for it was how different this planet was and the creatures on it. And it seems like hundreds of planets that it’s been on. It hasn’t come across that. And I was trying to wrap my head around what that other Thing was. Obviously, you know, it’s marveling at the idea of a brain, a centralized brain kept up in a inside of a skull and like being protected.

And it’s that is a weak failure point. That’s, anything’s gotta just attack that head and the whole rest of that body is done What terrible design, you know? So what’s, what is the opposite of that? What has it come across? I mean, it obviously has some way to think in every cell right? In some way.

So each cell is its own thing. Each cell has its own brain of some [00:57:00] kind. And then when they link up, they commune and share what they’ve learned when they were apart and they grow and you know, their knowledge grows that way. What does a planet of creatures. That look like. You know, what does a planet of creatures look like where there aren’t things with heads or brains where things change shape as needed for?

Joe: and do you have to be? Do you have to be multicellular? Like you could just

Bill_H: just be one big cell,

Joe: a biomass, right?

We think about bacterial mats

Interactions. There’s cheats in there. There are suppliers, they have communities, there are,

Nick: or are they just nomads?

Joe: right? And they just go around. So maybe on their planet they could be the microbes and the high, you know, the hu the quote unquote evolutionary higher organisms.

You know,

the humans 

octopuses, whatever you want. They have evolved that they maybe are gut bacteria they just live in. And it’s so they’re a gut bacteria. So they went to some planet, someone pooped, and then now they’ve infected, and now [00:58:00] it’s oh, hey, we’re free.

We can do all this stuff. That’s, if humans go to other planets, exoplanets, and we do that we’re not careful with our waste, then we would release organisms that may become you know, symbiotic like chloroplast and mitochondria so they could then go in and now co-op cells and become part of the organism.

And do that. And so these Things had to come across other intelligent species that knew how to fly spaceships and travel across the galaxy.

Nick: Didn’t you have a theory about it being connected to a

Joe: Predator? Yeah. Yeah. I had the Predator. I think any of these creatures that come to Earth, they have, was this ship that crashed, could have been, you know, a Predator ship potentially.

So you have your predators going to all these planets hopping around. Would it not hop it, it went, found the Alien. Why couldn’t it hop to a planet that had been completely assimilated by The Thing in this way? And then it became itself. So we got back in a ship, it’s going to this next They go crazy like [00:59:00] in Antarctica. You know, now it’s 13 predators in a ship that’s you know, killing each other in a crash land. They’re eight feet tall, they’re ugly looking and

Bill_H: You know,

Joe: one of ’em thaws and there you go. You got it. You know, a hundred thousand years ago, they’re whatever that, that timestamp,

Bill_H: man, you gotta think that is a heck of a trophy for a Predator

Joe: That’s right.

Bill_H: Planet size, intelligence. You know,

something 

Georgia: yeah.

Joe: yeah. Didn’t, it didn’t work out so well. Probably it’s like they’re coming back. Hey, we got it. We did it. 

Todd_T: So you’re saying there’s essentially one portal to Earth and like all these aliens, like ET went through

it 

Nick: right.

Georgia: Yeah.

Todd_T: of 

Joe: right. 

Todd_T: So they’re all, you know, they might run into each other. We could. have 

Predator against ET and that’s just gonna be 

Joe: You know, planet a

Nick: ET is gonna destroy predator. That thing is a predator in of

Joe: What’s the mini chlorine of The Thing, I mean, I mean,

Nick: Is

Joe: is there a Thing Jedi you know, out there it’s are you, I dunno, are you the are you master Jedi?

Or, you know? Yeah, no, you have that no, I think you could see the thing. I mean, if it’s out there, if [01:00:00] doesn’t take a lot, so that means if, you know, if the, let’s say The Thing ship luckily crashed into the Antarctica, but if it crashed into, 

Nick: Nebraska 

Joe: else, right? Yeah. I’m trying to think a hundred thousand years ago.

Yeah. Nebraska or some

Bill_H: would be dug up

Joe: America, or near the equator where it wasn’t frozen. It might not have died. I mean, you then you have all the biomass. So every plant, all this biomass would convert. So that means anything that came across as biomass would all of a sudden be infected. Yeah. So I mean that’s, you know, so if it just landed in an isolated jungle, all that biomass is converted.

So when you go through exploring, so all these explorers that went out looking for gold or whatever, and they didn’t come back

Bill_H: disappear

Joe: Maybe they became The Thing, they just slaughtered each

Nick: So

Joe: So you can start really spinning that off,

Bill_H: But yeah,

Joe: it crashed, landed in Antarctica, which was smart because then it froze and, you know, was resilient enough to actually be thought and then come back.

And speaking of that, I [01:01:00] had thought about some numbers.

Bill_H: of

Joe: I like thinking the

Nick: He just likes numbers.

Joe: Blair had 27,000 hours. I dunno why he doesn’t say approximately three years, but that’s about three years to infect all life. On, on Earth. And so that, you know, sounds like a lot of time, but I think just looking at it, that started going through different scenarios, the pandemics we’ve lived through now, and ones that have happened in the past.

Kind of a few different models, maybe like the one in Antarctica, you would have this infection, probably containment would happen pretty quick. It would burn itself out kinda like the Ebola. So Ebola is one of these that viruses that you get, you bleed out, you see people bleeding out, and you go, whoa, let’s get, you know, contain.

And you can actually isolate it relatively quickly.

Bill_H: Keep your pencil away from him.

Joe: It unlike, you know, a very successful virus like HIV or , chicken pox, I mean, they hang out and you get shingles later in life. I mean, right? They’re very good [01:02:00] viruses.

Sexually transmitted viruses are extremely good in humans ’cause they just hang out and do their thing.

Nick: Wait. What? Good. Why do you think Good?

I’m

Joe: they’re good at what they do.

Bill_H: doing what they

Georgia: They’re good at being viruses.

Joe: at being viruses.

Nick: I was like, they’re good virus. You know, I enjoy having

Georgia: because if the

Joe: presents itself too fast and actually then, you know,

Georgia: kills everybody and then it can spread and

Joe: and within hours, you know, someone has it, then

Georgia: it can be

Joe: to isolate.

Georgia: isolate. So

if you have 

Joe: something like COVID where it COVID was perfect ’cause it was like, I don’t know if you’re sick or not. You might be a carrier, you might be infected it, you know, have this latency period where it was like you just could have it for, you know, a week and spreading around

Bill_H: moving all over the place, dropping it

Georgia: so

Bill_H: and there and

Georgia: good means it can stick around and spread perspective easily

Joe: the human’s

Georgia: Yeah.

Joe: not from the infected.

So I had 

Todd_T: And then you’ve got, oh, and then you’ve got half of the

Population.

who’s just [01:03:00] oh, I don’t,

Joe: That’s right. 

Todd_T: not worried about that. 

Joe: Yeah. I know they’re not,

Bill_H: let’s have a party.

Joe: so I, I had, you know, there that if the outbreak is misidentified as some sort of neurological viral in this, instead of being truly The Thing that’s assimilating you start doubling every 1224 hours based on some of those assumptions earlier.

Governments are slow to respond, which we’ve seen on an action. Due to human mimicry, right? We could have it to higher top so that The Thing might infiltrate way up. Po politicians. And next thing you know, we’ve got you probably

Nick: wait, they aren’t already.

Joe: there might be mad cow. That’s the mad cow’s conspiracy, right 

Todd_T: would think they’d be better than this.

Joe: Have 50% of Earth’s population, probably 50, 60 days. And in total global assimilation, maybe nine to a hundred to 20 days, you know, a few months, you know, six months.

Bill_H: that’s not a lot.

Joe: You know, and then you would, society would collapse, you know, people would be in bunkers you would start.

But yeah, once, if biomass can be converted, [01:04:00] then the minute you start, like everything then goes all the trees. Like you’re,

Once you do that,

Nick: but what about with those all the toilet paper, tape paper people are stocking up on? I mean,

Joe: I don’t know. I’ll still be there. I don’t, I think the things would eat and still poop.

I mean, I, if they assimilate completely, I think they would use our, if, are they using our biology or are they now? You know, like you said, it’s a, I feel like in a skin suit.

Bill_H: You know,

Joe: and so that’s it. So they have a different internal structure maybe, but I’m sure everything poops. There was a book about it and everything.

Yeah. Yeah. That’s a,

Georgia: I don’t know where this is going, but 

Bill_H: Yeah,

Todd_T: Quoted Everybody Poops.

Bill_H: I

Joe: to eat. That’s right.

Georgia: the

thing to Everybody Poops though and accelerated, you would, if you get to a major city. So you land Chicago, New York, LA, Tokyo, Shanghai, some huge city doubling every four, six hours and you’re really just spreading this around.

Joe: You know, probably a billion infected you, you start getting the numbers, you know, 15, 20 days maybe total assimilation, [01:05:00] maybe 45 days. And the total biosphere collapse. You know, so you would have just complete Thing. This would be a thing, planet, know, it’s a bug planet. It’s a dead planet.

Bill_H: Like that last scene in society where

Joe: That’s right. Yeah. 

Bill_H: Flesh. A waves of flesh.

Joe: it very similar to we, we had an episode, we the grey goo model

Of, of nanoparticle kind of assimilation where you would wash over you know, and just once you have self-replicating uncontrolled assimilation of some, , very small, microscopic particle it would just take over. You wouldn’t be

Georgia: Like you said, it’s a, it’s apocalyptic.

Bill_H: But

that is also

Georgia: a vision

Bill_H: it’s not intelligent. If it is, if it’s intelligent enough to stop and just Yeah.

Joe: I

Bill_H: then that can change Things

Joe: Two things. One could be your scenario that it’s intelligent and it doesn’t really want to be all.

But the other one is maybe it is intelligent and it does want to be all right. 

Bill_H: [01:06:00] Absolutely.

Joe: Or it could be just unintelligent and just mm-hmm. 

it, you know, the thing does what the thing do, I mean, it’s 

Bill_H: That’s

Joe: you probably have three. That’s right. And you

Nick: The Thing does what the thing do love that.

Todd_T: It is I know I should stop. Just like we know we

probably shouldn’t, 

drive so much, but we do. 

Bill_H: I shouldn’t have another cookie. But you know what,

Nick: It looks so damn tasty.

Joe: down this forest, but we need a few more cows. I mean, that’s a, so that’s a that’s you have that. So I think those are but would you be able to tell the difference if you’re.

If it’s happening, Bill, would you be able to go, I think the thing’s really, so you’ll be that scientist, like I think The Thing’s intelligent I can reason with it.

Bill_H: to it. I think it likes me. Hey

Joe: Hey buddy. Hey Joe. What’s going on down there? Hey Bill. I’m doing really fine now. Let me

Nick: Let me out buddy. I’m good

Joe: maybe it’s time for me.

Todd_T: all good.

Joe: Yeah,

no. Yeah, and we, we come to the end the how the horror episodes always go a little longer, so it’s all right.

Bill_H: There’s a lot to dig into.

Joe: I know I, you know, I have a question and maybe [01:07:00] Todd you might lead us off or maybe you’ll pass it. I don’t know. But I

Nick: I’ll

Joe: the 

Nick: No, I don’t wanna answer that.

I’m good. The

Joe: Carpenter Stro Cat, and I think that’s the last scene of the 82 movie.

We’ve got childs, we got MacReady ready there, we got Max sitting there. And, you know, it’s you know, why don’t we just wait here a while and see what happens. So we have the three maybe you can say four, but pretty much three. Everyone thinks Mac is human. Right? We can argue that maybe he’s not.

And I have, so three theories. One is, Childs is a thing and there’s different reasons, and I can mention some of those if you want. Both are human, they’re just there doing their thing, or they’re both The Thing. I think those are the three scenarios that I guess you could say Childs is human and Mac is the thing, but that never, no one ever says that.

I don’t know why, but we could throw four in there

Just for fun. And if there I’m missing one, just go and throw it in there. But yeah, I mean, [01:08:00] what do we think there? 

Todd_T: I’ve

always thought

that Childs was the

thing and that Mac wasn’t you know, just, he’s the protagonist He’s the man of bronze essentially but I

know, Yeah.

I know. There’s all sorts of. theories.

and 

Joe: Yep. Yeah. Bill, what do you got? You not thought you 

Bill_H: Over the years I’ve vacillated back and forth, , I’ve even thought about Mac being The Thing, ? Yeah. But I like the questions. I like the possibility, , the ambiguity is great for me. It’s taken me a while to come to that when I was a kid.

Ambiguity really got on my nerves, but as I got older I started to see how great. The ambiguity makes it stick.

Georgia: I think that’s the beauty of that ending. Yeah.

Bill_H: You keep questioning it. You can’t because it’s

Georgia: and everybody can have a different Yeah. You know what I mean? You could talk about it. It’s,

Bill_H: and you can trot out why you think McCready’s not the thing or why Childs is and you know, and Yeah, 

Georgia: And [01:09:00] I think you can, and you all, you all get the feeling no matter who you think The Thing is, we’re screwed.

Bill_H: I still, there

Joe: that, I just gave

Georgia: numbers there. 50 days, man.

Bill_H: Yeah.

Joe: Because, you know, some scientists are gonna bring it back you know, bring these people.

That’s, you know what, yeah. I think we can make a weapon. Georgia, do you have an opinion or are you’re

Georgia: No I really don’t know, but I actually agree. I like the fact that you don’t

Joe: you wanna keep it ambiguous, Nick, you got something, you

Nick: I think they both are.

both

I really do. But it’s like still dormant enough to where they’re fighting. But they’re like, oh,

Joe: the Blair? He the early Blair.

Nick: Early Blair right now

know exactly you know, where? it’s dormant, but yeah. It’s there. They’re gonna go and, know, we got 50 days, let’s figure out what we’re doing with that. Yeah.

Georgia: Get out that survival guide.

Bill_H: I read that there was a couple different endings filmed. Yeah. And that they tried them out [01:10:00] in a couple test audiences too. They filmed one where it jumps ahead and a plane shows up and McCready’s there, and it was like, thanks guys. I’m real hungry.

You know, let’s get outta here.

Joe: Need to eat

there it is. The response wasn’t enough to the good endings, the happy endings to like. Say, this is definitely the one we should go with. So they were like, let’s stick with the ambiguous one, because

Bill_H: A little more fun. People can mull over it, you But studios are not cool with things

Nick: like,

Joe: they 

Bill_H: not today.

Joe: No. You gotta,

Bill_H: When you spend,

Joe: want tighten it up, this

Bill_H: spend millions of dollars on it, you definitely have to, you know, stick it. And

Joe: unless you got part two coming 

Bill_H: yeah. Then 

Joe: Then you can do

Bill_H: you can do whatever you

Joe: It’s like, all right.

You know,

Georgia: what about you?

Joe: Yeah, so I’m almost think that they’re both human, 

Nick: really. 

Joe: come out and I set this up earlier, there’s a thing running around out there. I don’t think he killed it. I don’t, I think he killed the Big Blair thing.

But I think there [01:11:00] was still some other Thing out there.

So I, I do think there’s two humans and one Thing still out, out in the wild. And I think Mac. I think m knew, knows that. And he’s sitting there and I think Childs, also has his suspicions and they’re just gonna go and they know it’s the end. And those two protagonists, the heroes that was, you know, Todd mentioned that they’re there already.

You know, neither one wants to really go down,

Bill_H: They know

Joe: they’re going down. Yeah. And so it’s can they stay long enough to warn somebody? Can they stay long enough to go there’s something still out here and you should leave it alone.

Bill_H: That’s a good question. How do you do that? 

Joe: Yeah. You’ve 

Bill_H: You’ve got two men in this situation. Everything is destroyed.

Everything’s

Joe: gonna die. I mean, it’s

Georgia: and

Nick: what did you guys

Georgia: they’re in and

Bill_H: Anna at best, a couple of hours before they freeze to death. How do you warn the people that are coming

Joe: right. That’s right. That’s right.

Bill_H: to 

Todd_T: You pee your message in the 

snow. 

Joe: right.

Bill_H: That’s right.

Todd_T: Do not.[01:12:00] 

Joe: Yeah. That’s in English and in Swedish

Todd_T: Yes. 

Georgia: it was 

Bill_H: the thing.

Joe: in a region. 

Nick: Alright.

I do have one more thing before we wrap up.

Joe: You wanna how many Big Macs it takes? No,

Nick: Yeah 

Joe: I do, I did have that. But

Bill_H: Oh boy.

Nick: don’t. The dude who at the Norwegian base who slid his wrist and the blood froze. Is that possible for it to freeze going down like that?

Joe: Depending on how cold Yeah. No, you can, yeah. It will freeze. You can do it, but yeah. So

Bill_H: what I, okay. What I didn’t think is possible. His throat is 

Nick: cut.

Exactly.

Bill_H: That’s okay.

That’s 

Joe: Hey you potentially could cut your 

Nick: both wrist and

Joe: your throat. Yeah, I think you could.

Bill_H: That is dedication.

Joe: That is a lot of

Nick: it’s 

Joe: Yeah,

Nick: I wanna be dead. Yeah.

Joe: yeah.

Georgia: wanna make sure.

Todd_T: is, there’s no

hesitation marks

Nick: no, the problem 

Bill_H: is 

Joe: that they, the, [01:13:00] this Norwegian base, they didn’t get as far along in their science as Blair did

Bill_H: And was it? Yeah. That, that oh, every particle can do this because then you would know blood letting isn’t the way to

go, isn’t gonna help you.

Joe: That you don’t need, you know, you’re still gonna be there pretty much freeze the death. And, you know, that was interesting that they had it

Bill_H: I know we’re running along

Joe: Or I think the other thing, did he kill himself not to become the thing?

Bill_H: That makes

Joe: That was probably

Bill_H: I’ve seen what’s happening and I want to be out of

That’s something that the movie doesn’t really do a lot with, but I was really interesting in the book is this sort of how does the cells communicate so that it, if it’s gonna become McCready, it’s got to very quickly. Know what McCready knows to pass itself off, right? It’s not just a dog or a lion.

Someone’s gonna say something to it and it’s gotta answer back.

Joe: But I think that’s that whole thing about time that it needs to

Georgia: at what point? At what point it may. And is

Joe: the brain or is it just the body? Because if your body is just being converted and not your head, 

Bill_H: taking [01:14:00] over 

Joe: thinking you, and you can still answer questions about your life and everything.

But once The Thing takes over, you’re right. What amount of memories does it get? What command of memories does it have? Things like that. Which some, someone say it, it has

Bill_H: It’s got everything. 

Joe: Yep. Okay. You were saying what was your 

Bill_H: so in the book, there’s a lot of talk, there’s talks about nightmares, people before they’re infected,

Just being in proximity to it are having, starting to have nightmares and have weird feelings and images in their heads and stuff. There’s this. Possible psychic

Joe: Yeah, that’s right.

Bill_H: Yeah, that’s right. You know, that is a very interesting piece that is really hard to do in a film, , but does show up.

The idea is in that a Prince of Darkness Carpenter’s next apocalypse movie, you know, where they’re like getting the dreams from the future, this idea that it’s psychic and even when it’s frozen there, it’s still active mentally in some way. Even if it’s not doing it, it’s it could be [01:15:00] dreaming and we are receiving it’s alien dreams and just driving everybody a little crazy, you know?

Joe: Yeah. That some psychic kind of ability. Yeah. I also think at that time, like ESP was like huge. I mean, that was like, it was like, we’re gonna weaponize what’s

Todd_T: Oh, 

Bill_H: Gonna

Todd_T: yep. 

Joe: I think

That was the talk like that they’re gonna do LSD 

Todd_T: Randys. 

Joe: Yeah. LSD and you know, and ESP that, that was it. That was like the, that was the rage. We’re gonna develop all these new age weapons, but yeah, no, that’s yeah, but you’re right. The book and the 51 movie both had that kind of psychological telepathy. Yeah.

That you have this higher organism that can manipulate across mental distance and, you know, have this kind of control. But yeah.

Bill_H: it was great in this story how like this, all these guys, these scientists were just like. If it’s anything like the look in its face, it’s evil, then we must destroy it. Yes. Look at that face. It’s the face of pure Evil. they were so [01:16:00] quick to judge that thing. Look at those eyes.

The look in his eyes. If I’d known that was in those eyes, I would’ve just destroyed it.

Joe: Yeah.

we would’ve blew it up.

Bill_H: Wow. Okay guys. Yikes.

Joe: Yeah. I mean it is The Thing evil, right?

That’s it. Exactly.

Bill_H: all judgment.

Todd_T: You know,

Joe: Cool. Yeah, so probably wind down a little bit here. You guys wanna get anything cool coming out or anything? Folks, you know, they’re all hyper excited. 

Todd_T: I’m 

Georgia: Around 

Todd_T: yeah, so I just I just sailed to Antarctica in

February and so I’m working on some books from that. And

one of them is basically a, I have a goal to now that I’ve made an,

addition of Who Goes There and The Things I’m writing and gonna illustrate essentially like my own story

in that 

universe. 

And it’s going to take place in the early 19 hundreds. So it’s sailing ships

and people crashing on shore and stumbling into [01:17:00] things weird.

Georgia: Oh wow. 

That’s awesome. Yeah, you guys have to

Joe: out and your website is,

Todd_T: Angel bomb.com.

Joe: It is. So yeah, go check it out. Check out

Georgia: that’s amazing.

Joe: Really fabulous. Work the, you know, letter press work and things like that. You know.

Nick: Yeah. You absolutely have to check out these books.

They are, they’re phenomenal. So fricking cool.

Bill_H: There are pieces of art and awesome stories on your shelf.

Joe: Bill

when you got anything coming up

Bill_H: have anything particularly interesting going on. I’m sorry. Just your average, you know. No. We’ve got some talk about the new cryptic closet coming up, but that’s not for another, that’ll be out next October,

Joe: gotta have a, we gotta have a thing s story in there, right?

Bill_H: that would be great. You know, I missed my chance when we did the 3D story. In, in, in one of these books here, The Thing is revealed by some UV light, right? Yeah. Is it in the thing? 

Joe: yep. The Things, yep. 

Bill_H: It’s awesome.

It’s invisible to the naked eye. You black, [01:18:00] you put the UV light on it and you can see it.

Joe: Yeah.

Georgia: Yeah.

Bill_H: We did a 3D issue Yeah. That I wrote a story for, but I just didn’t have the time to work on, and me thinking was like, how can I do this differently than just.

And a 3D story I gotta always make it harder on myself for no particular

Joe: You gotta do

that. That’s what artist 

Bill_H: so I, I wrote a story ab about a interdimensional infection where a character becomes infected by something that he can’t perceive.

And the idea was 

Todd_T: Ooh. 

Bill_H: When you, the red and blue would be printed on the page, you know? Yeah. But you wouldn’t be able to like, suss out what was going on there with the naked eye. And when you put on the glasses, it would like, you know,

If you look through one lens, you could see things normally and through the other lens you could see that he’s actually covered in invisible interdimensional parasites.

Georgia: I love that.

Bill_H: And I’m working on

Georgia: put on the damn glasses. Yeah, another

Joe: Carpenter [01:19:00] favorite. They Live, yeah.

Georgia: Yeah, exactly.

Joe: Put on the

Bill_H: Fantastic.

Joe: You are gonna wear these glasses. Yeah. Cool.

Nick: Thank you again guys, for joining us.

Bill_H: Thanks so much for having me 

Todd_T: you. Thanks for having me. 

Joe: Yeah.

Bill_H: reason to rewatch these movies definitely. I mean, any final thoughts, Todd? Bill, as we come, we’re gonna wrap up on anything we missed or you wanted to really say about The Thing and The Thing universe.

I’m much better now. I’m fine. I can come back in.

Todd_T: Clark.

Clark. 

Bill_H: right. Yeah.

Georgia: It’s

Joe: Sweeds. Cool. You have, we have me, Joe, you got Nick.

We got Nick Georgia. We got Georgia, we got Bill, we got Todd and

Nick: we went down some hole. Are you sure we went the hole? Wait, I think we went the 

Georgia: hole. Which hole? Which hole?

Joe: Who? Who Goes There

Bill_H: Is that next week?

The witch [01:20:00] hole

Nick: That’s next year’s witch hole.

Bill_H: Oh, I want to be on that one. Yeah.

Joe: We love y’all. Stay safe, stay curious.

Nick: Bye-bye. Cheers.

Transcript for Rabbit Hole of Research Episode 46: Slashers

Recorded at Reed’s Local


Joe: [00:00:00] Hey. Welcome back to the Rabbit Hole of Research down here in the not so basement studio.

Nick: we’re away today.

Joe: above ground today

Geo: are we?

Joe: we’re here at Reed’s Local. If people remember last year during our month of horror, we were hosted here at the Reeds Local in Avondale, Chicago, Illinois to record our fabulous episode, and we are back today to talk about Slashers here.

We’re all crewed up. You got me, Joe,

Nick: you got Nick.

Joe: got Nick. From

Geo: Georgia,

Joe: and we have Georgia here. We have our 

Melissa: Melissa. Melissa, 

Joe: Melissa. Melissa’s here. Do you

Nick: you for having

us.

Melissa: course.

Nick: hey, we got some new people down at the end of the table.

Jesse/Alana: I am Jesse. 

And I’m Alana.

Joe: and Alana from

Jesse/Alana: oh yeah. We are the from slasher sauces, the hot boutique, Chicago [00:01:00] boutique hot sauce company,

Joe: Nice. There you go. All things slasher all the time here on this episode. So yeah. I

Nick: I don’t even have to bring up Robert the dah this episode. It’s great.

Joe: gosh.

Oh,

Jesse/Alana: Oh,

How

dare you.

Is it 

still recording? Did 

Geo: oh my

Joe: We’re still recording. A little flashback

Nick: It’s ’cause I don’t have

Geo: No. Yeah, thanks. Last

Joe: year’s horror

episode. it. I knew

We we mentioned that particular doll and then we had recording difficulties. Our recording cut. So if you remember, you go back, you can listen to you to five minutes that did get recorded and then.

The noise that happened. Yeah, it was a whole thing. So I say go back if you wanna get freaked out. yeah, today we’re here to talk about slashers. So I do have, I have my open and I have a list. I’m gonna do 

Nick: You have lists today, one. 

Joe: It’s it’s been a while since I’ve done both the open and the list, but

Oh boy. 

Geo: We’re in for a treat.

feel

Joe: I would like to give the list right up the top and then

Nick: I mean, list it up.

Joe: And

then we got a lot of people. So let me, lemme do my open about slasher. A slasher [00:02:00] film is a sub genre of horror centered on a relentless killer, usually human, sometimes superhuman or supernatural who stalks and murders a sequence of victims, often with a bladed weapon or other intimate means of killing.

Unlike supernatural horror, slashers thrive on physical pursuit, vulnerability, and the illusion of in inevitability, no matter how fast you run, the killer is just behind you. But it’s slasher isn’t just a horror film, it’s a ritual of fear. A mass predator, a string of victims, a final survivor death delivered up close, not by fate or monster, but by a human hand that refuses to stop.

That’s what makes Slashers different. They aren’t about what lurks in the shadows, but about what’s chasing us in the open. The slasher isn’t just a genre, it’s a mirror each, every decade we watch as it kills who we used to be and warns us about who we are becoming.

So that’s a

Jesse/Alana: spooky. Spooky.

Joe: Whoa.

get us [00:03:00] grounded a little bit further. I kind almost give the brief history of slashers, get that

Nick: have a history of slashers slasher,

Joe: a

Come on, Joe.

Nick: Oh, we aren’t gonna slash this.

Joe: I come, I’m slashing

we’re slashing this

of time. 

Jesse/Alana: I wanna know 

Joe: So I went back and I tried to find what’s the, like the oldest, you know, like I do here. And it is, it’s not the Giles or.

you know, 

Nick: I’m shocked. I thought you were gonna 

Joe: no, but the oldest proto slash year that iconic Could Source and Vine. 1846 Sweeney Todd. And these are novels here. We’re gonna start in novels before we get the film. The string of pearl novels series. They were the first kind of human serial killer archetype.

Then we had Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Lewis Stevenson in 1886. Kind of a 

Nick: Wait, so 

Sweeney Todd was before Dr. Jekyll, Mr. Hyde.

Joe: It was by 40 years, according to my

Nick: Wow. I did not realize that.

Jesse/Alana: I didn’t know Johnny Depp was that

old. 

Nick: Yeah.

Joe: He

Nick: just like Nick 

Cage, he’s a

Joe: looked damn good for that age, you know.

You know? You live [00:04:00] forever.

No. Okay. And then we had the, No, you’re fine. Yeah. Yeah. And then we had the lodger Marie Ock Landis in 1913. And that was based on Jack de Rip. And it followed like a mysterious lodger suspected of murdering women in London. Those are the novels that probably set the kind of the proto slasher.

And then we go into film Proto Slashers,

and we start with the lodger, A story of London Fog, 1927

Nick: I love that drink. Yeah.

Joe: Now that’s often called the first slasher film prototype. And then we have M 1931 by Fritz

German, A masterpiece about a child murderer, hunted by police and criminals. Introduced a concept of a sym sympathetic killer in psychological realism.

And then kind of the oldest slasher movie. Georgia was quizzing me like yesterday about this, and I couldn’t think of it, but it’s Psycho in 1959. Once again, Albert Hitchcock. And it was adapted from a novel Robert Blanc Blanche 1959 novel. And it was [00:05:00] inspired by the real murderer of Ed Gein.

You got something.

Nick: I love that

Geo: that, I don’t know if that date’s right,

Joe: Not 1959.

Geo: I’m not sure.

Joe: I’m not sure. Okay. We’ll check. We’ll fact check here. 

Nick: It’ll 

be in the footnotes. Don’t worry guys. 

Joe: show notes.

And then there’s some debate on what with the oldest modern slasher film be. And there were kind of two. One was black Christmas in 1974 Bob Clark with anonymous killer terrorizing women in sorority house.

And then you had the Texas Chainsaw Massacre in 74. Also Toby Hooper. And it replaces a suburban voyeurism with rural kind of brutality and murder. So kind of switching that flipped there switch there. And then we have in 78 probably the master, the standardized, the genre, and that’s Halloween by the Great John Carpenter.

Yeah, so that’s that, that’s my list there to

you know what, it was 

Geo: actually 1960. Oh,

Joe: it 1960? Not 1959.

Geo: Sorry that’s splitting hairs. I’m sorry, [00:06:00] but I knew for sure it came out in the decade of the sixties,

Joe: in the sixties. Oh boy. Did I get that? How did I get that

Geo: but 1960, you’re only a year

Joe: all my dates 

Geo: I’m sorry.

Melissa: And

Joe: know the theme while you’re fact checking I did do, like I do a hundred word movie review every month in the zine.

Melissa: And this month was Halloween.

Oh.

It is like a trite thing to review. However, I was like, I did it because we just got the Halloween pinball machine and I think we might be the only bar in the city with Halloween pinball right now. It’s from spooky pinball and it is so fun. I’m not doing this to advertise pinball, I’m doing this to advertise that after this, we’re all gonna have to play each

Geo: Oh I am totally down for that. Yes. Oh my gosh.

Joe: the novel was 1959, so I had my, sorry. That

Nick: I can’t believe you got this wrong,

Joe: out. I did, I got it.

Nick: Joe. I don’t know if I could trust your words anymore.

Joe: I gotta redo

Geo: in my head. I thought it was later in the sixties to be fair.

But

Nick: surprised you aren’t blaming Robert the doll right now.

Joe: Steve, [00:07:00] stop talking about Robert. Ow. This 

Melissa: is the

this is the contest to

Geo: Why are you gonna keep doing

Melissa: or librarians.

Nick: It’s like Beetlejuice. You have to keep bringing it

Geo: No. Stop it. Stop.

Joe: that. Yeah.

But

cool. Yeah, so that’s the list. Now I gotta, now I’m like, I gotta check my other dates now, but there’s a book and a movie and I had the 1959.

Okay. Nevermind.

Geo: I would say Halloween never gets old. The movie Halloween. Yeah. 

Melissa: No, But

so which is your favorite Halloween movie of the 19? No, there’s 13. There’s 13 of them I think.

Geo: Yeah, 

Jesse/Alana: there’s

so many, there’s so many different cats. Cats. You can go down to, God one’s amazing.

No, I’m just

kidding. I

hate the 

Melissa: unpopular opinion. Halloween three,

Geo: really? I

Jesse/Alana: I am, 

we are actually very big fans of Halloween three. We are working on a Halloween three hot sauce for sure.

Very nice. I to be the model with the pumpkin on

Melissa: Oh,

Wow.

Nick: You wanna go a little closer to the

Joe: Ain’t the mic?

Jesse/Alana: Oh, for the reference picture.

Joe: Yeah. 

Just,

Geo: You don’t really I’m

Jesse/Alana: learning microphones over here.

Joe: Yeah, you’re [00:08:00] fine.

Jesse/Alana: Yeah,

I get to be the Halloween head for the. Hot sauce Image,

Melissa: Ference. That’s Yeah. She smelled like a child, so it’s perfect.

Jesse/Alana: Put me in front of a TV and I’m good to go.

Nick: Hell yeah.

That you,

Geo: tell,

Melissa: Is it gonna be a pumpkin based one

Jesse/Alana: We haven’t decided the recipe yet.

Sure.

Joe: Pumpkin

Geo: Now it’s decided right now.

Jesse/Alana: I like that. That a really good idea. We’re just like, we’re tweaking some stuff, but Yeah.

Geo: so tell me more about slasher sauce and when did it start And

Jesse/Alana: so it started loosely back in 2015 in North Carolina, but then we picked it back up during the pandemic.

Al and I. It’s, we’re like a Chicago, like boutique horse, so like we company, so so we kinda make ’em like small batch and stuff, like from, you know, just a try and trend as, as small as we possibly can and just like we do markets and stuff like that. But it’s started out like small.

We just like finding it different recipes and like building stuff. Like we’re all new. I’m a terrible cook, Alana, we’re all terrible cooks in our family. 

I set off the [00:09:00] fire alarm when I make a grilled cheese. It’s awesome. 

Yeah so we, we just we’re like,

okay, why don’t we just make like sauce that is. That we can cover up our mistakes and our food, you know, kind of deal. So we started really like working on that and trying to come up with some stuff and like trying to like, challenge ourselves to get hot and hot. But we focus mostly on more flavor overheat kind of deal, you know?

So it’s like we’re not trying to like, murder you or anything, even though like our hottest sauce is classified as murder.

Um, Soon

it’s gonna be open casket or closed casket as our as our hottest sauce. Hottest. Hottest,

yeah. But they’re, yeah. 

Geo: you’re out front about it, you know? 

Jesse/Alana: Yeah, for sure.

Yeah, it’s mostly it’s mostly like medium based, so it’s good for grandma’s is good for anyone, but like the hot heads and stuff are gonna have trouble with kind of like dying for it, but like the flavor is absolutely where it is.

So 

yeah, more focused on flavor than heat. 

Yeah.

Joe: I think that’s good. No,

Jesse/Alana: No, and then 

Geo: every flavor is based on a slasher movie. Yeah. So 

Jesse/Alana: every bottle has its own little lore to it. So like we have, our first sauce we did is a called Green Inferno. It’s based on cannibal Holocaust, which are most mild hot [00:10:00] sauce, but we tried to make the most brutal possible, you know, so so we did that one.

We’ve got a Texas Chainsaw Massacre one. We’ve got the Shining it’s called like Overlook Orange Sawyer Family Brew for Texas Chainsaw Massacre the Forbidden that is our Candyman hot sauce. We’ve got FCIs Fire, which is our zombie hot sauce, zombie jerk sauce, and then fruit Cellar, which is our evil Dead.

Okay.

my personal favorite. 

Oh yeah. That’s fantastic.

Melissa: so good. I was, my two favorites are the fruit cellar because I love hot sauce, but I also wanted to have flavor and that was awesome. And then they told me a pro trick for the F juice fire one, which I couldn’t figure out what to put it on.

And then they said, Thanksgiving dinner. And I’m like, so anything that is could be Thanksgiving dinner. It’s amazing. On

Geo: Wow.

Jesse/Alana: oh, it’s so good. Yeah.

Joe: Is that just a, you think about Thanksgiving dinner and you put it on so you could be

Melissa: I mean, yeah,

Jesse/Alana: You envision

Thanksgiving and then you’ve got it. Yeah.

good.

Just drink some hot sauce and think about Turkey.

Yeah,

Nick: got it, of course there is the [00:11:00] Thanksgiving movie.

Jesse/Alana: Yeah,

That’s

right.

Geo: you go. So there

Jesse/Alana: then than killing. And then there’s, you know,

Joe: Yes. That’s

Jesse/Alana: poultry

Melissa: met them because of the hot sauces. ’cause some friends of mine, the friends you met at the last PO podcast, Steven from Killer Pinata, I saw that they had posted that they had gotten some of these hot sauces. I’m like, wait, there’s horror movie Hot Sauces in Chicago and

I don’t have them

yet in my collection.

So I put in an order and then Jesse and Alana were like, oh, we know Reed’s. And then we became 

Jesse/Alana: We literally

lived right around the corner at the time. So we’re like, we’ll walk by and bring you some hot

sauce. 

Joe: And I think you know, hot Sauce is interesting because like a good slasher movie when you try it, there is some anticipation mm-hmm. of the heat. And that fear and that moment before you 

Jesse/Alana: is great. 

Joe: you know, to try it. You do have

this, and 

Geo: then you have the chasing you afterwards, if we all know what you mean.

Joe: that’s not I talking 

Jesse/Alana: to the bathroom. Yeah. Got that little heat that sticks with you for a while. You keep looking at the

hot sauce is you 

Joe: [00:12:00] one drop or do I put like the whole bottle on? Like where do I need 

Jesse/Alana: It’s always lingering over your shoulder

Melissa: Wait until they come out with that neon green when they’re working 

Jesse/Alana: Oh yeah. Good point. Yeah. Mm-hmm.

Joe: I do think that’s a, go ahead. No, I was just saying that’s a, it’s a cool

a good tie in. Yeah. 

Jesse/Alana: it. 

Joe: Yeah.

where you’re going and

Geo: and I was gonna say, I we went down a rabbit hole, but but to answer your question, I think just the traditional Halloween one, I just, that’s mine.

Yeah. What about you?

Nick: Oh. 

You to come back to me ’cause I have to think about this still. It’s a hard Is it H2O and you just don’t wanna

Joe: I know. Yeah.

Melissa: Yes. 

Nick: It’s trying to justify it.

Jesse/Alana: Okay. Wait, I have to, yeah,

Joe: you’re good.

Good. There’s no 

Geo: judgment. No judgment. 

Nick: So what about you guys? What’s your go-to?

Jesse/Alana: I mean, I think one still for me, like it’s classic, you can’t beat it. What we do every year is a spooky, we, it’s every, you know, 31 movies and in Halloween to, to Halloween, but you can always repeat Halloween.

On Halloween. It’s it’s a super important film. Like it really broke the mold for [00:13:00] a ton of films after that. So you gotta pay Hom much to where you can, 

I’m still torn between one and three ’cause one is classic so good. And my first time seeing it was at the music box, so that’s hard to beat.

But then I love the season of the witch. It’s so good and it’s just different and I love it.

Joe: Yeah,

Jesse/Alana: That’s me.

Geo: You didn’t answer Joe.

Joe: Yeah I, once again probably the, and I would go with the classic probably more that I remember it. It is like in ingrained it was early on, you know, so I was probably a young, I’m not sure if I saw the thing or Halloween first, 

Jesse/Alana: Oh yeah 

Joe: I probably was in, in between those.

But yeah, no I saw it when I was young and so that’s just stuck with me and probably just carried on. And all the other ones were good. The first three I think were good, but I, my memories all come back to Halloween and that’s the one I probably have seen the most. So you always kind of gravitate to that.

And none of them, [00:14:00] I don’t think, in my mind, as in people on the podcast have heard us have this discussion. I don’t think any of the other ones were better than the first one as good maybe, but not better. So in that, I’ll go with the first. But

Jesse/Alana: I 

agree. 

Joe: Okay. that, 

Nick: pretty good. Like I’m looking through them and I’m like, I can’t say I don’t like any of them. Like they aren’t as good as some others, but yeah,

Joe: Yeah,

Nick: it’s they’re all watchable and I’m gonna enjoy the hell out of it.

’cause it’s

Jesse/Alana: The original’s hard to beat though.

I fell off when Rob Zombie made the second one. I was like, okay, I’m done. I think the white horse running through everything. This is far from Haddenfield.

Geo: I might have missed that. It must have met, I haven’t seen

Joe: the last 

Nick: Halloween. end. 

Joe: Halloween

Jesse/Alana: Don’t waste your time

Joe: okay. There

Jesse/Alana: personally.

Nick: it was just a, it was something

Jesse/Alana: The first in the series was great. Like Di Debbie Gordon Green’s fantastic. But yeah, it just, ah, it fell off hard. Yeah. So hard.

Joe: Yeah. I mean, and then this swing back a little bit, like [00:15:00] why we enjoy I figure everyone here enjoy is a good slasher. Movie. And so kind of that get to that core and what’s it actually doing for people when you watch it? And so there’s a lot of psychological cues that we get out of it.

We talked a little about anticipation. We talked a little bit about kind of suspense and going through it and somewhat as we go through and you think about our favorite movies and putting us that as you go through that really your brain is testing scenarios.

And

as you go through the best of the slasher movies, you have some testing of the scenarios as you go through until you get to the final, usually the final girl 

Geo: Wouldn’t you say that’s true of pretty much all horror movies? Or are you saying that there’s something specific about slasher horror movies? I 

Joe: think puts the spotlight on it more than maybe other horror movies. Because I mean, a slasher movie, ’cause it’s a, yeah, it’s a sub genre in a slasher movie.

Usually it’s more intimate in the [00:16:00] killing,

Nick: and it’s more of a humanoid

being coming after you. So it kind of grounds it a little bit closer to your own reality, 

Jesse/Alana: Closer to home. 

Nick: Yeah. Like the anxiety of that person walking a block behind you, but you can still see them staring at you, even when you turn the corner and they turn that same corner.

You’re like are they following me? Are they gonna kill me? But it’s that more human aspect that Slashers have,

Joe: yeah. 

Jesse/Alana: And I think the incapability just the kind of no matter how fast you go or loud, you yell at them or anything. They’re just going to keep coming. And you can’t reason with it. And it’s terrifying.

Joe: Yeah. And you have usually have a start where. Everyone’s unaware, right? So you go in, in a scenario and even your own self, you put yourself in that spot. The first maybe one or two people that get it get killed. They really had no plan. ’cause they weren’t planning it before anything like that.

So they went, I mean, there’s some slashers where they do something like, we’re gonna go to [00:17:00] this place that’s haunted, do a Ouija board in the haunted basement. And then you know, and then

so you know,

someone becomes they,

Nick: I don’t know why you guys have not let me,

Joe: because

gonna happen. We see that movie. But other than that, most time you go, you’re unaware, just doing your life or whatever, your event, and then the first couple people get killed, and then you have that next phase where , it’s a, the fight flight, 

so you have the unaware, the surprise, and then you have, are you going to run or you gonna fight, right? And you have that stage and it’s really clear.

I think 

Geo: The odds go up if you are a teenager having sex,

Joe: of getting Send, send Sin dies first.

Nick: oh yeah,

Joe: Yep. I

was gonna say somewhat, that’s that’s could be the decade, 

right? Because I think that’s 

got played upon more than other decades where we have it.

And now it’s just become a trope that we expect that, early on you gotta see some boobies and a blade and that’s it. That’s a yeah.

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. You gotta look what’s going on like in America during the time For sure. Like the moral police and stuff during you know, all that [00:18:00] stuff. Yeah.

Joe: So yeah.

But,

Nick: so I do have a thing where I believe that everyone knows the song. Every breath you take, like by

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. Yes.

Nick: It’s about a serial killer. 

Jesse/Alana: Yeah, yeah, for sure.

Nick: Okay. ’cause 

Jesse/Alana: stalking people.

Yeah, exactly.

Nick: like that song I think does wrap up the slasher genre. Like this being is watching you in every position, every time that you’re doing whatever.

It’s oh, cool. That’s the exact feeling that you get when you’re in a movie.

Jesse/Alana: I mean, he’s got a name like Sting. Yeah. So

Melissa: it’s a 

Jesse/Alana: he’s already made for it.

Joe: I mean, if we’re,

Nick: a good name for it. 

Joe: You’re talking about stalker songs, I think Lionel Richie 

Melissa: Hello,

Joe: you know, that’s he’s essentially, 

She’s blind and then she makes a model

talking about the, of you’re 

Geo: talking about the music video. So

Joe: model of his face and she’s blind.

So that means she’s not making it outta admiration. She’s this is my stalker. This is [00:19:00] like calling me up, breathing on the phone, like hanging up with me. It was like kind of a weird video. If you think about,

Nick: were the 

eighties, just the time for,

Joe: I

he was a serial killer and she was gonna be the next victim.

I think it was just lining up and she’s trying to warn people, like she’s the one making a model. She’s the final girl. This is it. 

Jesse/Alana: And this is who did it?

Yeah. 

Nick: believe you. We blind.

Joe: is a great love story. No, this is gonna end.

Jesse/Alana: police sketch. Yeah.

Joe: Yeah. 

Jesse/Alana: Have you seen this leprechaun?

Joe: no, it’s so yeah, that one there is low key kind of slash air.

Like he was, you know, he didn’t do, he didn’t do thriller, so he had to come up with his own kind of low key slash air video. Lionel Richie, I love Lionel Richie, so don’t take this. We’ll get him

Nick: get ’em on the show and have ’em,

Joe: You’re welcome to come on, defend that video. 

Melissa: I think to backtrack too, another reason why slasher films stand out in the horror genre, like you were saying. There’s so much to it. There’s so much more intimate and my favorite genre of horror movies is actually creature features. My second one is really [00:20:00] bad.

Oh, the Conjuring series. I love to hate watch it so much. Oh yeah. I love ultra serious bad ghost movies, but slasher

Nick: that super religious overhanging of

Melissa: they’re so bad. I love them.

Jesse/Alana: So

Melissa: Love watching that shit. But slasher films are the ones that like, they’re the only ones that actually terrify me because it’s like, you can reason with ghosts or get an exorcist, you know, creature features, I mean,

Joe: hold on. You can reason with the ghosts?

Melissa: Troll

two kills you.

Like you go to nil bog, you’re like, these things are kind of 

Jesse/Alana: Wouldn’t be the worst way to go

Melissa: a plant and eat you. But like slashers they’re terrifying because some of them can be so realistic. There is no compromising with the killer. They have one mission and that’s just stab stab.

And that’s,

Nick: See, but

The part that makes me laugh so much.

Jesse/Alana: step

Melissa: how it’s

Joe: And I think that’s what separates like the predator.

Yeah.

From Being

a slasher. Because he does com if you’re [00:21:00] pregnant or you don’t have a weapon or you’re not engaging in, he, there’s some moral

Geo: also he doesn’t use, he doesn’t use a knife.

Joe: he does. I mean, yeah, he does a lot of times. 

Geo: Okay. I was, I guess, I think I can picture everybody holding guns in that. I guess that’s where the people against the predator. Yeah.

Joe: I think there’s like some, from his point of view, there’s some honor in kind of the hand to hand going in, just killing, and he is stalking, he is almost unstoppable. And so that is fits almost.

But then you go, as Melissa was

Jesse/Alana: like a career. A career breaks it, you know, if you’re like a hunter or like a assassin, like that’s, those aren’t slashes, they’re still killing people. Like brutal ways.

Yeah, exactly. Yeah.

Joe: And intimate. Usually you’re very, you’ve been tracking, you’ve been following, you’ve been, you know, stalking in that way.

But the real horror is that you can’t reason. So you are being chased. You can’t reason, and you don’t really, at some point you don’t know why you’re being hunted. Like usually in all these other scenarios, you know why at some point you go, oh yeah, you know, I’m a mercenary. I see why someone’s coming after me, or I used to do this, I know why.

But [00:22:00] here you’re just kind of at the camp trying to get your freak on, and then you get a pitchfork through the chest, right? 

Jesse/Alana: There’s no reason, there’s no rhyme. It’s just random, but it’s you and you’re gonna die.

Joe: Yeah. 

Melissa: And I think also, it’s also probably, ’cause I’m reading it right now, finally after years, I picked up Helter skelter to 

Jesse/Alana: Oh wow. Yep. And

Melissa: and you know, I, oh it’s so good. I’ve listened to podcasts about the Manson murders and all this, but you know, like you were talking like about a moral code.

And I’m like, that’s why I think slasher films are so terrifying because it’s like they had no moral code. It was, you know, it’s disgusting. It’s horrifying. But I still do love slasher films even though they scare the shit outta me.

Disgusting.

and I do love reading about horrible things that happened out of like a anthropological perspective and historical perspective.

Geo: And I think body count, there’s usually a lot.

Yeah. A high body count.

Jesse/Alana: That’s a reason for

sure. Yeah, two Because like psycho, that’s why Psycho

Geo: is

more of a pre [00:23:00] slasher. ’cause 

Joe: they’re, I mean,

Nick: have sequels. I’m pretty sure he ups his body

Geo: I’m just considering the first psycho,

Joe: guess you don’t, I mean, do you need a high body count to be, I mean, if you kill four people

I think that’s a 

Geo: characteristic of slasher movies. Go is a higher body count.

Joe: yeah.

I think you need a higher body count to go through those phases. Kind of the unaware, the, flight and then the fight. And so I think you have that. And I think in psycho, I mean, I guess you did have the fight at the end. I don’t know if you went through all the stages, you only, you didn’t have enough characters to make your way through that psychological kind of climb.

So Yeah. So I agree. You need numbers, but 

Jesse/Alana: He did have a two body count, didn’t he? Did he kill his mom? I thought he killed his mom.

I think it’s just kind of open-ended and we’re not told. Yeah, but so it’s potential two body count two, which is better than one for a slasher, I guess

Joe: three.

Nick: See the having just one for a body count, that’s just you’re kind of a lazy slasher, you 

Melissa: That’s just a mistake.

Nick: It’s

Jesse/Alana: we’re gonna 

gate

Geo: You need to [00:24:00] get out more.

Jesse/Alana: that’s not enough to be a

Nick: those are rookie numbers. You

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. You gotta bump those numbers away. Way

up 

a candyman, I mean, it wasn’t particularly high body count in that movie. We just watched it. 

Nick: I assume that he has a higher body count that you don’t 

Jesse/Alana: From previous. 

Joe: I know,

maybe, But 

Nick: that’s not 

Joe: the murders they were talking about, they, it was very limited and it was, and there was some,

Nick: wait, what movie are we talking

Joe: Candyman.

Nick: Candyman. 

Jesse/Alana: Candyman.

Melissa: in front of a mirror

Jesse/Alana: Oh no.

Melissa: in

Joe: Ow. 

Nick: a mirror right there. I was hoping it would work.

Jesse/Alana: Stop it. Five.

times I still don’t do

it.

I don’t do

Melissa: Me neither. I don’t do that. I 

Jesse/Alana: I do 

Melissa: bloody Mary,

Jesse/Alana: Buddy Mary do that in

the Caprini Green, like target. Yeah, 

Melissa: oh, I’ll do Beetlejuice any day. That’s fun.

Jesse/Alana: I don’t

do Bloody

I don’t do that. chaotic gifts. I do all of it. I just, you know,

Geo: Do you do Helen something? 

Jesse/Alana: They never Do 

Geo: Helen? 

Jesse/Alana: do. something. Never.

Joe: I think the other thing with the slasher kind of the other unique thing is the point of view. ’cause [00:25:00] oftentimes you get both the point of view of the actual killer. And then you also get the point of view, which in movies usually don’t switch to the protagonist and antagonist.

Usually you follow one through. But in a lot of, in most slashers, you do get the other viewpoint of the person being slashed and doing the slashing or the actual hunt like your, the prey, 

Nick: so would sleepaway camp be considered a slasher then? Like sleepaway camp?

Joe: away 

camp?

Melissa: Yeah. 

Nick: Yeah.

Really 

Jesse/Alana: it would, yeah, she could, she got high body count, I’d say. So

Nick: like it. It does fill most of the, I didn’t see the sequels. I know there’s. 

Jesse/Alana: I didn’t know there was a sequel. Oh, there’s a 

Melissa: of ’em.

Nick: Yeah.

Joe: Sequels and slashers usually fall off like there’s a steep cliff. Like you have the first one you build

Nick: It really depends

Joe: You throw in everything

Nick: heard good.

I haven’t seen the second or third Terrifier, but I’ve heard great things.

Jesse/Alana: Mm. Yeah.

Melissa: Listen, you guys are dissing Scream for, and I’m not gonna stand for that.

Nick: I didn’t think anyone did Scream. We haven’t even

Melissa: broad.

Nick: Scream up. 

Melissa: Yeah.

Jesse/Alana: I know 

Nick: [00:26:00] does that one count? ’cause isn’t it a different killer?

Jesse/Alana: I think that

Joe: Well, you can be a different

Jesse/Alana: Oh, that’s 1000% clashes. 

Joe: Scream. Definitely. I didn’t see Scream four. I didn’t see

I didn’t see screen four. Like I said

Melissa: four is the bad one. I still have a soft spot for it.

Jesse/Alana: I was wondering, does It Follows count as a slasher or 

is that more supernatural? 

Yeah. Or is that more of a supernatural horror?

Nick: I’d consider that supernatural.

Jesse/Alana: Yeah, like a supernatural

slasher because you can’t stop it. It’s ans TD that

Geo: That’s that’s kind of like Freddie Kruger. Is he? Because

Jesse/Alana: he’s a dream.

Geo: he visits you in your dreams.

No, but the way he kill you. Yeah. I dunno if that would count. I mean,

Melissa: I 

Jesse/Alana: oh spoiler. Oops. Fred Cougar, die movies,

Nick: slash concert. Yeah. I 

Melissa: think they are supernatural horror. They’re more psychological

and they’re also better than the Friday, the 13th series.

Jesse/Alana: I do agree there. Yeah. Same. But going back to your like the perspective of the killer and stuff, I think it’s super important film. When I like opened my eyes a little bit was Behind the [00:27:00] Mask Rise of Leslie Vernon. Have you seen that one where it explains like you follow, it’s a kind of a mockumentary kinda thing where you follow the slasher and it talks about oh, this is what I gotta do.

Oh, I like, I have to cut the branch a little bit because I don’t wanna fall down. Like I don’t wanna break my leg and I gotta like still, I gotta get my pacing down. I have to run. Cardio is hard to make yourself look like while you’re walking, but you’re actually running kind of thing.

And that’s like a, you get the whole behind the scenes of why they do it and what makes the Final girl like I always thought it was a super important film with that. It’s really good deep look.

Joe: Yeah, we’ll put that in the show notes. I was gonna say too, that. I mean, thinking fast forward, I had this generational thing, I’d had some notes on that going through the decades and made mention.

But even as we come out, you’ve seen a lot of more movies now with the slasher, much more digitally based artificial intelligence, Megan, which I haven’t seen, but I know the premise of it. And so when you mentioned it follows, that was one also that came like in this other category of its, decade where you are looking at this kind of self as the monster and the likes and the social [00:28:00] aspect, but still fits our definition of slasher or have to modify a little bit.

And I mentioned Supernatural and Freddie Kruger was part of that because people usually throw that in as a slasher, 

Nick: do feel like a lot of the slashers do have a supernatural ability. 

Joe: Yes. I mean, the Candyman we was 

Nick: yes. Uh, they all have something that is like. Mike Myers should not be able to move as fast as he does, like he is, as you said, sprinting across these fields and just walking

Joe: teleportation.

Nick: like Exactly. He’s essentially teleporting. He’s got these supernatural abilities where he’s what died a few, handful

Joe: Also he must have healing fact, right?

I mean, so we start going through it because the 

Jesse/Alana: Yeah, he shot Yeah. stuff. Yeah. 

Joe: it. It is one of these levels where you go and you’re right, we have to keep it at human because then you start to, other things can, you know, I was thinking like The Crazies,

Jesse/Alana: Oh yeah. Yep.

Joe: it’s not necessarily [00:29:00] a singular person killing, but in some ways, especially the remake, it was much more you were following just a couple people killing and, but really the community was degrading there.

So you had That’s

Nick: the Strangers Too, not the number two, but TOO.

Joe: I didn’t

Nick: they, no, they go into a house, they kill people. It’s just it’s a repeat

Joe: Okay. I see. Yeah.

Nick: that one 

Jesse/Alana: Is that like funny games?

Joe: Yeah.

Melissa: Yeah.

Nick: Yeah.

Jesse/Alana: es 

Joe: Yeah.

Melissa: Yeah. Would that be a slasher though, because it’s all targeted at one location? They’re not.

Nick: they do move around.

Melissa: I mean, I haven’t seen that in a while and I didn’t like that, and I was like, I guess most of them are like stalking at a teenage house and stuff.

I just, maybe it’s because I don’t like The Strangers that I just blocked it outta my head as a slasher 

Jesse/Alana: yeah,

yeah.

Nick: Like it definitely has. I, from what I remember, it’s been five ever since I’ve seen it.

But they were going to different houses and doing this

Melissa: Oh, okay.

Jesse/Alana: oh, that’s [00:30:00] right. 

Joe: Okay.

Nick: Like I could be wrong. Someone can fact check me, but

Joe: we’re fact 

Jesse/Alana: it’s been a while.

Nick: is there what Yeah it’s one of those movies where it’s oh, I seen that. I know what the hell goes on, and

I don’t care to go back to

Jesse/Alana: it. Yeah.

Joe: Yeah. I

Jesse/Alana: I feel like the only one that doesn’t necessarily have some kind of supernatural ness to it is probably psycho.

’cause that’s just Ed Geen based, and that’s just almost even scarier that there’s not a supernatural aspect to, it’s like just human Texas

Oh yeah, that too.

Yep. So that’s a whole family. Yeah, you’re right. 

Melissa: Christmas, which I think is like one of the first slasher films. And I love all three versions of it. I think it was the latest one where there’s, it’s not really supernatural. They’re more just like in a cult. 

Joe: Black Christmas was the one where you really, you didn’t know the killer at all. I mean, it was still at when that ended, you didn’t know who, like usually there’s some resolution of that aha, that’s, this is the person that’s chasing.

But there was, it was very anonymous. [00:31:00] Had a, an idea, but it, you weren’t sure 

Melissa: and

Joe: I didn’t see any other one.

Melissa: The other great Christmas slashers. Oh God, why am I blanking on?

Jesse/Alana: Night.

Deadly night. Oh, my silent night. Deadly night.

Nick: The second one. Oh yeah. Oh, for sure. Yeah.

Jesse/Alana: Oh my God. That’s my favorite Christmas sweater. yeah, super garbage Day.

Yeah, we should do a Silent Night Hot sauce. That’d be fun. Oh yeah. 

It’ll just be called Punish.

Nick: punish. 

Melissa: Good 

Jesse/Alana: I think Lan 

Melissa: I mean, Lya, Quigley’s death. And then 

Jesse/Alana: oh 

oh. So good. I think 

wherever Lan Quigley lives is my wife equals a slasher film. He’s my wife. Yeah.

Joe: and I think the other thing in the slash movie I had in is the the, that predator prey kind of response. That you have. And we look at this real life, you know that predators usually are they’re camouflaged, they go slow, they hunt, they stalk.

Then you have the prey who you have. Once again, I keep going these stages because I think that sets, that helps that, that can help us distinguish between some of these horror [00:32:00] films that kind of are on the edge between the kind of sub genres and, you have the prey, you have the startled, freeze response.

Then you do have a run response, and then you do have at some level a fight response and you have this kind of situation that you go through in, in, in these kind of phases. So you can also start filtering and maybe through some evolutionary. I have a few other thoughts about evolution,

Nick: What’s the thing in the brain that makes people make terrible decisions during these things?

Jesse/Alana: stupidity.

Joe: no, 

Nick: I mean, most of the time they’re sober. Like in more recent ones they’re pretty sober. Yeah. They’re just, every character is just so 

Jesse/Alana: I mean, if they all listen to me, they survive the movies, but they don’t,

and that’s just rude. I

Joe: I think you gotta blame the writer the writing of convenience.

’cause even in Halloween if you just lock a door, right? I tell like the, my boys is lock the door because if you lock the door, you probably would stop most they would just move along. Or they break it down, you hear it, you get some [00:33:00] audio , cue that something’s happened at your, , your secure entry and maybe you should be on alert.

But usually the door’s just left open. It’s I’m just gonna walk in there and sneak in there, you know?

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. Michael’s got the mind of a child. You can just lock a door.

You’re fine. He doesn’t know how to use it. 

No open. No go

Joe: Yeah. They don’t have pick locking skills. That’s not it. You know, they’re not

Nick: stop it.

Joe: you know, picking a lock. But yeah, no, I think you’re right.

There’s some plot convenience that has to happen in a lot of these that people have to go into a particular room or a particular place. And it might not be logical, but that’s also, as viewers watching that, are we learning about these situations? Are we learning about 

Jesse/Alana: I was gonna say, like I, I look at slasher movies as like a learning experience. What would I do in this situa, not that, but like

Melissa: yeah, 

definitely don’t separate,

Jesse/Alana: never hide for the whole movie. Hide till they walk away. Then run the opposite direction.

Like 

Nick: you can see them, they can probably see you.

Jesse/Alana: That’s

Joe: right. 

Jesse/Alana: That’s usually the life. Yeah. Always run. Yeah, that’s 

the [00:34:00] thing. Never hide because they have all the time in the world you don’t 

And you don’t, yeah,

just run 

Joe: on you, you’re kind of locked. They’re gonna keep, you know, once they identify this group of people, then it feels like that’s 

Jesse/Alana: they’re locked in.

Joe: once again. That’s also written that way. Maybe in the real world they’ll see some other group and then wander off that way.

’cause is it just a killing? That’s the motivation, right? So we’d say they’re unmotivated, but maybe there is some motivation to the killing. And usually sometimes there is some moral thing. A parent was abusive or a mom didn’t love them or they didn’t get hugs or a girlfriend dumped ’em. And so you have this whole thing where there is some thing where they would specifically, they’re just hunting out women, let’s say or men for let’s say.

And then you have this thing, but you just got in way, you were just a casualty of kind of the hunt.

Jesse/Alana: I mean like In a Violent Nature, I think. Was that the movie?

I think it’s like the one that’s a POV behind the slasher. Where Oh, 

that’s one of my favorites. 

Yeah. That’s fun. And it’s

Where someone else would make a noise and get in the way and it’s okay, I’m going over here now. So like [00:35:00] it’s just on this full brutality force.

Yeah. No rhyme or reason. Yeah.

Joe: Yeah. Once you start, then are you just down

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. You cut my eye and now you dead. And then That’s it. until something else

Yeah, Oh, my March two awards, my ultimate goal, right? It’s you’re hiding in that. Oh, 

cool. Sounds good.

Joe: You’re done. So you have that.

So I,

Jesse/Alana: found you I have to say, Kevin Bacon was one of the first

Dreamboat

Geo: first people victim of a Yeah, he was, Yeah, that’s right. 

And anytime I can mention Kevin Bacon, I do. That

I know 

Joe: there

Jesse/Alana: that was my second Kevin Bacon movie ever. And it was

Joe: yeah.

Jesse/Alana: well worth it. I loved it.

Joe: Good old Kevin Bacon.

And Friday the 13th, if people are wondering. Yeah. Do you got the dates on that?

The

the 

Geo: first Friday the 13th,

Joe: anything which didn’t have a, Jason,

Jesse/Alana: Was that 19 80, 81

said 

Joe: something in there. Yeah, that sounds

Geo: I’d have to look. Yeah. I could look

Joe: my year? So I

Geo: I could look.

Jesse/Alana: shorts on. That’s all I know.

Nick: But [00:36:00] yeah I do feel like even in like horror video games, they have started to make it

harder for you to think rationally. Okay.

Love the what resident evil games. They’ve been doing some fantastic games where it’s like, what was seven was absolutely terrifying. And you’re stuck in this what swamp house?

Louisiana. Where you are trying to get outta this house and find Mia, which is his fiance

that was kidnapped and then, yeah. I don’t know. Story. It’s taking a minute to remember, but yeah it’s definitely giving you more of a, okay, you can’t just do exactly what you would in real life, so we’re gonna make sure that you have to do this puzzle to get through this door so you can get this

Jesse/Alana: Can’t progress the story. Yeah, for sure.

Joe: yeah.

Nick: you can’t just go that’s all terrible. I’m just gonna walk outside and leave.

Joe: I 

Jesse/Alana: scream the whole time 

Joe: door or whatever. Usually the movie will be over relatively quickly. If you could, if you sealed off these things, you would kind of end it. If the [00:37:00] campers listen about the haunted story and go, you know what, maybe we’ll go the other way to the other lake and 

Jesse/Alana: but then there’d be no movie.

Joe: you know? That’d be a very teenagers 

Geo: listening. I don’t know if that’d be 

Joe: it’d be a very different movie.

Jesse/Alana: Then also overkill.

Whenever you catch the slash air, they always just hit ’em once and run

like no. Like we’re always like, overkill. Overkill. You need to overkill.

Nick: Make sure they’re 

Jesse/Alana: Please. I’ll take the jail time. I’m doing overkill. 

Nick: I think you would avoid jail 

Jesse/Alana: it. 

Yeah.

it’s self defense. 

Nick: I’m

Jesse/Alana: I’m not playing with

that. dismembered 

Self-defense. 

Joe: have to you probably need to cut a hand off or ankle. I mean some feet, I mean something. I mean you really, you, but

Nick: burn the body,

Joe: then is 

Jesse/Alana: let the body stay in one piece

Joe: If you do that, what should be a, I don’t know if there’s a movie like this where you go and you actually have this real thought of dismembering the slasher and you become the next slasher.

Melissa: Yeah, so if they thought about it though and actually killed the killer at the end of the [00:38:00] movie, there wouldn’t be sequels. 

Joe: Wait,

what? The, so what The person who killed them

Melissa: Oh, they

Joe: become the new slasher.

They all, they’ll become psychologically. Now I need to write this. I’m just gonna go, you 

Melissa: You should write that. I

Nick: You should write that because this is gonna 

Jesse/Alana: they got the taste for blood now and it. 

Joe: yeah.

I wanna write this story. 

Melissa: I like that.

Jesse/Alana: Do it. I’d watch it. That’s a fun one. That sounds like fun.

Joe: Yeah. I don’t know any story where they do that, 

Jesse/Alana: I know there’s like bloodlines like there’s like bloodline ones are for sure ones where they continue, but not like where you kill it and you become

Joe: Because to ultimately kill the, hunter that the actual 

Nick: killing the hunter. You become the hunter, like

Joe: almost dismember.

You really have to go crazy. And you’re right, people usually stop short of that, and then they get up and the hunt keeps going on for the sequels. But if you actually go and you’re that psychotic then you become the slasher.

is that what happened in Grady Hendrix’s Final Girl?

Melissa: Oh yeah, that did happen.

Joe: It didn’t happen there.

Melissa: I love that

Joe: I love that book. Yeah, that was a good book. But I’m trying to think, is that the,

Yeah, God, 

Geo: I love [00:39:00] that too. But

Melissa: killer is, you give away the,

Joe: I no, I’m

Geo: not, I’m trying.

Joe: but I’m like,

Geo: Yeah, no spoilers.

Joe: okay. All right. But yeah, 

Jesse/Alana: then I feel like that killer would have to, You should 

Melissa: write it 

though.

You should write it.

Jesse/Alana: That killer. The killer Who killed the killer then.

Would already have to be psychologically like predisposed to pick

it up or unless that 

was, a 

Melissa: of us are going

Geo: I was gonna say the possibility of becoming a slasher at this point is really

Jesse/Alana: and closer every day. 

Geo: It really 

Jesse/Alana: I mean They

framed Sidney Prescott and and scream too of you’re the killer because you did that.

Yeah.

but it wasn’t true. thing to tip you over.

That

sound you become

were they already crazy or did that make them I How many times on this show have I said that if I had superpowers, I’d become a villain? It’s

Joe: most people would. I think you

Jesse/Alana: Yeah, you have to be. 

But growing up is learning that the villains weren’t necessarily wrong. Like Magneto.

Melissa: You a villain or are you

Nick: mentally

Geo: right. Mentally challenged. The people that people say are the, I’m

Nick: beat up this [00:40:00] poor person.

Geo: The people that they say are heroes are actually no villains.

Jesse/Alana: immediately. Thought of Batman. I’m like going around, beating

up

Ill and

Joe: but that’s the thing about the slasher is that there is no moral, you watch it, you, there’s no redeemable qualities generally. I’m trying to think, is there any, but no, I think usually you go, no, I know who’s good in this situation and who’s bad.

And even it could be marginal, right? Because the people that are being killed, you might not think they’re the most redeemable humans. But then you some of them are kinda dicks,

Nick: I mean, what about Dexter? Is he considered a slasher then? Like he’s constantly,

Joe: constantly,

Geo: a well, yeah. Yeah. But he, I think

He definitely,

Melissa: a moral

Nick: He

Geo: was gonna say he makes those decisions. 

Joe: And he cleans it up. I mean, he has a whole process like slashers. They don’t, they go in

Nick: I’m just gonna,

Joe: and there’s gonna leave the scene buddy and then walk off 

Jesse/Alana: there’s a clear divide between serial killers and slashers, it sounds yeah. Like it’s brains basically.

Geo: I don’t know. We’re splitting here into this

Joe: else.

I mean, that’s what I’ve been given some kind of thing. But the other [00:41:00] thing that was interesting and looked at the ecology of fear, and it’s this concept that, you know, based on this prey predator kind of thing, where the prey modified their behavior because a predator exists nearby. And so you have this whole kind of situation so that the setting, the campsite, the house, the high school, wherever you have this predator, and then that changes the whole dynamic.

It, it increases. Now the fear, some space that wasn’t necessarily you should be fearful of or have fear to be in now becomes this very heightened. And so the psychology of fear kind of cooks in. And so most all slasher movies have that. In there versus a serial killer movie.

Geo: I think a lot of times, I mean I guess if nobody knows there’s a serial killer, then they wouldn’t be.

But that goes back to, but for a lot of communities, if there is a serial killer that hasn’t been caught, that’s exactly what it’s like.

Joe: right. You get that kind of mode. 

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. Somewhere that should [00:42:00] be safe is not anymore. Yeah.

Nick: Now do you guys think technology will start to affect. You know, we the new serial killers,

Jesse/Alana: Oh, I,

Nick: everyone has a cell phone I have a fun fact on

on that. Oh, what you got?

Jesse/Alana: There’s actually more serial killers today. Then there were in like the sixties, seventies where we get all of our serial killers, like from 

Nick: it ’cause 

Jesse/Alana: the night stalker and everything, because

Nick: we’re able to know about it 

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. It’s kind of like they, we have the knowledge and the technology. Now. So there are actually way more serial killers in the United States now than there were like, where we get all the famous serial killers from. We just 

catch ’em faster. Is that it? 

No, they just don’t tell us. 

Oh my God.

One in Chicago right now, actually.

Nick: Are they just not were the old ones not known about

Jesse/Alana: I think so. Or it was like

known more ’cause it was a newer thing. Like I just keep going back to the night stalker and how he terrorized [00:43:00] LA and everything. And everybody knew that it was happening, but they didn’t know who it was.

But now I think it’s just more like on the down low and people can cover tracks easier. I don’t have all the science or the facts

behind it, but a, I mean, we live in a surveillance state

Yeah. You’d think it’d be harder,

but like there’s more right let us know. Let us

know how you’re doing it. 

Use an email at Yeah.

Nick: rabbit hole of research.com.

Melissa: another like tangent or rabbit hole of that you can get down to is technology creating more serial killers or can it, and then also will that change. Slasher films like you had said, Megan, is it gonna be more technological based?

Is it gonna be like an AI 

Jesse/Alana: or like, like Scream and

stuff?

Yeah. Yeah. 

Melissa: yes. Are we gonna have an actual Terminator wasn’t a slasher though. 

Nick: A, he

Joe: He had one 

Jesse/Alana: he had a job. That’s the thing. He had a career and that was, yeah.

He’s a man. Yeah. 

Joe: with the house, like they have the AI house and they [00:44:00] kill the family. 

Melissa: Killed the

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. Yeah.

Nick: t2. I mean that

Joe: why it’s doing it.

It is 

Melissa: Chopping Mall was a good one.

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. That is that is actually one of our hot sauces, I forgot to mention, bought blood. It’s called Bot Blood. It’s Chopping Mall. That’s 

Melissa: slasher, but I mean maybe, I mean, it was, it had a single purpose and that was just to kill.

Joe: I wonder if you’ll have these crossovers where you have like now, like a bio horror will that come back and people out for vengeance or something’s been affected.

They now go through and kill targeted, applications. 

Jesse/Alana: You can say The invisible man. Remember that movie that was like 20 pre pandemic, was it? Or it was The one where he used like the skin suit

the yeah. Technology to go kill.

Yeah. 

Joe: Yep.

Which, that’s what you do if you’re invisible. 

Jesse/Alana: Heather doing it now. Yeah.

That’s it. So I think 

Joe: you would have

this. Didn’t Kevin 

Geo: Bacon play a role like that?

Joe: Kevin Bacon was in Hollow Man.

Geo: Hollow man. That was it. 

Jesse/Alana: Man.

Man. 

Joe: and yeah, 

Geo: Oh, and it was 1980,

Joe: Yeah.

Geo: Friday.

the 13th, 1980. I was like,

Joe: no, Hollow Man didn’t

Jesse/Alana: Nailed it. I was like Hollow man.

I saw that in

theaters. [00:45:00] Whoa. I’m not that old.

Joe: Yeah. But I mean, and so you, you have this and you know these kind of points where you go. Then I had the final girl when the really maybe think about that and why it is a final girl and had some kind of an evolutionary terms that you have this person that at the end of this journey have now shown resilience have shown sexual selection in terms of evolution, that you have this person now that there would be a good mate.

And so you have this kind of thing where especially for a woman to have survived this very traumatic thing and come out on top, they are now then even extra , they stand out in a community of women like, oh, this is a person we need to. Reproduce with and get some good genes resilient genes to pass on’

Jesse/Alana: There’s

so much growth with a final girl. Yeah. They’re normally super meek and then like they become That’s right. Yeah. A lot. By the 

end of

it, there’s no holds bar. 

Joe: about we, that’s [00:46:00] calling back to our very primal, 

Geo: and I know that you watch a movie, so you see the whole story, but in a way you gotta have a final girl. To tell the story. To tell, you know what I mean? 

Joe: Yeah.

You never have afin, I mean, there’s few movies with the final 

Jesse/Alana: Do. maybe.

it’s, I don’t

know 

Joe: because 

Jesse/Alana: Final I’m the final boy. The, 

Joe: gonna,

keep the, we got Girl and I’m gonna go with boy. Not,

I’m not gonna

Jesse/Alana: No, it’s an, it’s a yeah. You can’t just jump to Final Man.

That’s disrespectful. That’s 

just rude.

Joe: They’re the final man.

Jesse/Alana: Tell me, tell me what happened. I’m the final boy.

Melissa: What do we

Joe: that’s a different movie.

Melissa: makes the final girl? Like I, I always joke, I’m like, I’d like to think I have final girl energy because I’m not dumb enough to run up the stairs where there’s no exit. And you know, I’ve trained for marathons and stuff, but I’m like, I liked that the guy had final ground energy.

But I also know me and I know I’m crazy and I’d probably go try to be like, everyone get the hell outta here, I’ll fight him. And 

Jesse/Alana: I [00:47:00] feel like that 

Joe: on 

Melissa: end 

Jesse/Alana: Yeah.

Joe: it depends on I, I brought

Jesse/Alana: probably

not 

Joe: depends on where you’re at in the scenario, right?

Melissa: I mean, I’m also crazy enough, maybe I could be,

Joe: if you’re in the cooler looking for a beer, and then someone comes out the bushes, you’re the first of the first good

Jesse/Alana: Oh, good

point. 

Joe: you’re not, 

Jesse/Alana: the mercy 

Joe: this, you don’t have the opportunity to

There’s these phases of the slasher.

Nick: I’m pretty sure you’ve also been killed already, 

Melissa: yeah.

Jesse/Alana: yeah.

You’ve been killed in Kili pinata.

Melissa: Oh yes I have. And I did come 

Jesse/Alana: back,

That’s right. Yeah, that’s right. You did come back in too. And part of the chain gang, you and I are in the chain gang.

Yeah, really 

Joe: a slasher. You’re on the wrong side of the fence. You keep talking about how you’re the

Jesse/Alana: ooh,

Mel. 

Nick: the slasher? 

Joe: The

I, 

Jesse/Alana: Okay, so

Melissa died and then she came back in the second one. So maybe you are the final girl. No, we’re talking about how you’ve gotten the energy of talk to Steven. I had

Melissa: I had a different idea for the third movie for Killer Pinata that I told him about, but I’m like, I think we need to evolve it.

Geo: And the third

pinata. the third killer Pinata was supposed to feature our podcast. Yeah, [00:48:00] too. 

Joe: We’re gonna

have a chest busting scene with the

Melissa: And then

Joe: bursting

out during an interview about

Melissa: And then the pinata’s 

Jesse/Alana: amazing. Amazing, amazing.

Joe: gonna be, we’re gonna be talking about the Handwavium of the Killer Pinata and it’s gonna yeah.

We had we’re in it. We wrote ourselves into that. So we do that course. This whole

Melissa: this whole thing works and ties in because if the pinata is part of it and I am the slasher, like kind of the working with the pinatas

Jesse/Alana: the Wait, is the pinata a slasher real talk? Oh,

Nick: Oh,

Joe: yeah. I say so.

Interesting.

Yeah. 

Jesse/Alana: pinata. Can’t 

stop it. 

Angry. Angry Mule Productions Killer. Pinata Is the pinata. Slasher

Joe: all the elements there. I think that we’ve talked

Nick: can we get ’em on the phone?

Joe: Let’s call him 

Jesse/Alana: Let’s call. Yeah. It’s like 

Geo: wasn’t there 

Jesse/Alana: humanoid. 

Geo: I was gonna say there’s kind of super, I mean, we’ve determined that Supernatural gets into there 

Jesse/Alana: I do feel like Jason too. I mean Jason Boy in the lake.

Joe: Yeah. 

Yeah.

Jesse/Alana: I

do feel like for Final Girl, there has to be like some kind of. Like she, she [00:49:00] was meek and all this stuff, but she like kind of finds herself through the terror. That’s like what makes the final girl.

Joe: That’s why Melissa’s out already. She’s coming in too confident. 

Jesse/Alana: I don’t think you and I are the final girls. I think we’re, I think we’re the ones who died because we’re like, let’s get ’em like 

Joe: you’re in the middle, you’re in that fight phase or you’re gonna be caught off guard

Jesse/Alana: Don’t worry. It’s gonna I’ll be with you. We’ll fight ’em

off. yeah, fine. 

Melissa: little flight in me.

Joe: fi. We’ll find a final 

Jesse/Alana: Oh, I’m a big, I’m a 

big

throw what’s ever in my hand and I book it. That’s my 

Joe: We have the final girl and or final boy will reveal themselves when Melissa wants to go fight. And it’s say, you know what? Why don’t you go do that?

I’m gonna go 

Jesse/Alana: yeah. I 

think I’m gonna go call 9 1 1 really quick.

Joe: aren’t you supposed to be a man? No, I’m the final 

Jesse/Alana: Listen, I’m a boy. I’m just a boy.

So what a boy. Just a

final boy. 

Melissa: of this later.

Joe: later,

down.

Yeah, I’m done.

Yeah.

All 

Nick: right.

You guys have any plugs you wanna hit up? That was a weird way of putting that

Joe: say [00:50:00] final, like can you ask the question again?

Jesse/Alana: Like, my favorite Uh, well, yeah. He

comes on Saturdays. Mark

Nick: You got any plugs you want stab in?

Jesse/Alana: Yeah, we I think what we have, we mostly just kind of do markets now.

We’ve kind of died down a little bit. We used to have a web store for slasher sauces but DM us on Instagram and stuff. But the only thing we have, I think coming up is the Krampus market which is December 7th at old Irving Brewing Company. And I think we’ll be selling markets so you can test all the hot sauces.

Everything’s, all of our bottles are $8 regardless. We try and keep it low so 

you don’t have to choose between price and flavor. You can, and you can taste them all before you buy ’em. We provide the chips

Nick: and you’re not even murdering us with the price.

Jesse/Alana: No, not today. not today happening 

Geo: With the sauce. With

Melissa: isn’t it? If you buy all of them, you slash the 

Jesse/Alana: price. 

my

god. My god. You’re right. 

Yeah. If you buy a full run of all eight, seven, 

Six now I think, 

sorry, six of the hot sauces. Sure. Then you we cut you a deal. We’ll slash you a deal. [00:51:00] Yeah.

Joe: Lemme put all those links in the show notes and so

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. And we deliver to anywhere in a 6 0 6 area code for free, so 

If you’re Chicago land, we’ll drop it off at your doorstep.

Land Chicago area, not land. 6 0 6 only. We’ll drop it off at your doorstep.

Melissa: it is.

Geo: we’re out. We’re out.

Jesse/Alana: Work if you’re 

Melissa: in Burwin,

Jesse/Alana: we don’t drop to Berwyn anymore. 

No more Berwin.

Joe: No more. Cool.

Geo: How about Melissa? Melissa?

Melissa: We’ve got October is like our biggest month, so we’ve got a few things, but ones I would love to highlight some of the shows coming up. We have Black Mariah Theater and they are definitely like spooky awesome. And they’re playing here on October 23rd. They’re a touring band. We have Cartoon Graveyard with Chicken Happen and Homicidal October 17th.

And then we have some other fun stuff coming up. We have a cycling club the day before Halloween where we’re gonna ride out and look at all the haunted houses in Avondale. And that night there’s a show [00:52:00] where bands play other bands. So we have King Sands as the White Stripes, a band as the Hives, a band as Ween.

And then I’m doing a vinyl DJ night where I’m doing like spooky dance party in between the sets and afterwards. So that’s gonna be really fun. And then actual Halloween, we’re just doing karaoke. 

Jesse/Alana: I’ll see you on actual Halloween. We’ll be here.

Melissa: Heck yeah. 

Costume party with cash prize for best costumes.

Geo: Nice. 

Jesse/Alana: We’re We’re

going as a Peewee Herman Munster and 

Gorilla,

Melissa: I love 

Geo: that

because

Jesse/Alana: got a Gorilla costume from Spirit Halloween.

Joe: Very good.

so

yeah. So then we can go around, maybe get everyone’s, and the one thing I was gonna say is that the horror slasher genre, it had some, but has become an international kind of 

Jesse/Alana: Mm-hmm. 

Joe: And so you have slasher movies, this genre, you know, which probably started out mostly American and rooted in our.[00:53:00] 

Ultraviolent, culture has now spread out into others. Yeah. Really cool. 

Jesse/Alana: Infiltrated 

Joe: show notes, but yeah, if we have wanna go around favorite slasher movie or one you’ll recommend to the listeners out there, like what they should check out and we mention a lot, so we, if we repeat, that’s okay.

But yeah. Wanna start to kick us off, 

Jesse/Alana: Yeah.

I said it before. I really recommend Behind The Mask, The Rise Of Leslie Vernon. It’s everything that we were talking about, they discussed, they explain like what makes a final girl, how it works, all that stuff.

It’s kind of like a deep dive into the slasher genre. So I recommend that one. I like it a lot and I have the mask.

Joe: And you’ve got the mask.

Jesse/Alana: Ooh, I’m still torn. that. Yeah. I think I might have to go with Creep actually, ’cause I like how it’s, yeah. I feel like

that works. And it’s dulo. I gotta go with the Dubo bro. Dubo brothers, Dubo whatever. Mark 

Dubois 

Dub Dubo. That’s a good one. No, yeah. I like how it’s also kind of like behind the scenes you get to see into the [00:54:00] killer’s mind and see how it happens.

Also, it’s kind of just, it’s ridiculous and funny and stupid and I love it so much. So that’s probably one of my, one of my toughest Creep. Yeah.

Joe: Yeah. Yeah.

Melissa? 

Melissa: This is a tough one. It’s kind of, I do love Scream. So Scream will probably be my number one. 

Jesse/Alana: That’s what I was torn between. Yeah.

Melissa: scream is more of a parody. So if we’re going for like traditional, I would go with Black Christmas.

I

Joe: oh yeah.

Melissa: absolutely love that movie. It gets back to the basic slashing. And then also at the end of this, I forgot to plug the Midnight Movie Trivia. So I’ll send you the link for that

Joe: definitely. We’ll put it all in the show notes there. Have that for folks. Nick, you’ve been studying hards.

Jesse/Alana: Sorry, but you took my Creep and I’m thrown off,

so many movies out there

that’s I’m like, oh yeah, I want to say something else then.

Nick: Because you know, there are so many good horror films that are just I

Georgia

go ahead and I’m gonna go, I’m gonna go in a

Joe: You’ve been bouncing.

Oh,

Nick: I’ve been bouncing all 

Geo: Yeah.

[00:55:00] You know what, I was actually gonna say. Black Christmas.

Melissa: It’s a good one.

Geo: It’s really good.

Yeah, it’s,

Yeah. And of course Psycho. I mean Psycho. 

Joe: Yeah.

Go check it out. See what you think about that body

Geo: But I think it was so fascinating that you said Alfred Hitchcock made the first Yeah.

Proto

Joe: That’s

Geo: Slasher the Lodge, which I don’t think I’ve seen it, and I’m even know when

Joe: When I saw

Geo: I’m huge Alfred Hitchcock fan, so I’m gonna go watch that. 

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: Joe, what about you?

Joe: How’d it come to me? I’m like last, I’m no one.

Nick: Yeah, go for

Geo: it. You’re the final boy.

Joe: I’m the FI

Jesse/Alana: are you the final

boy? The final boy? 

Nick: the final boy 

Jesse/Alana: is the final boy right

here, 

Nick: the,

final boy. So

Joe: right. So there, it’s no surprise to listeners of this podcast that I’m a John Carpenter fan.

so Halloween,

of course, but I’m gonna throw one out The Fog

Jesse/Alana: Oh,

It

is, 

Joe: It is one of my, I think it’s just such a fun movie. And they did have, they were actually after something, but they, the way they just went through that town,

Jesse/Alana: it was slash

Joe: [00:56:00] it was very

Geo: I don’t know if that

Joe: It was, yeah. No, they came, they were the pirates, you know, it was, yeah.

They back. 

Jesse/Alana: I

could see it. I agree.

Joe: what I’m saying. And the

not the first 

Geo: movie that would come to my mind. Flash. I

Joe: Halloween already. John Carpenter, he has,

Geo: I’m just giving you a hard time.

The other one 

Joe: was Hellraiser. Oh yeah.

oh.

Jesse/Alana: Oh yeah.

Nick: oh, I

Joe: I think that was the other one I really love. Yeah, that’s right.

Clive 

Melissa: Barker. 

Joe: And yeah, I think you have that. And both of those, you watch Clive Barker movies or John Carpenter movies in their horror you’re gonna have a good time. They, they know how to make a good movie. So I,

Nick: I, I think I am gonna end with Sleepaway Camp though, so I know it’s a little bit of a problematic, like the, if you go through and watch it again right now, you’re like, ah, that ending yeah. But I hope they’re they’re remaking it right now and I hope that they tweak the ending a little bit.

Jesse/Alana: like it was maybe needed for the 

Nick: Yeah. 

Jesse/Alana: So it’d be like, Hey, there’s, everybody’s body’s different, you know, 

Nick: but I feel like it nowadays it

Jesse/Alana: maybe didn’t roll over [00:57:00] so well to

2025. 

Nick: why I’m like,

yeah,

Jesse/Alana: it did have some really good kills.

Nick: Like I, it was just a fun,

Jesse/Alana: that’s all that counts.

Nick: it was a fun 

Jesse/Alana: a Yeah.

Nick: it’s weird to say.

Yeah. 

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. So it came, it was funny.

Yeah, it was fun. 

I think all slasher movies are fun. I think that’s, we all agree on

that. Yeah. 

I’d say, I’d say they’re fun. 

Joe: Yeah.

I mean, I didn’t mention, but like someone watching that it’s almost like microdosing fear. 

Jesse/Alana: Yes. 

Joe: start watching it. Yeah. And you get kind of desensitized and you do have to amp it up.

And I mentioned this 

Jesse/Alana: No, I agree. 

Joe: watching like horror, The Thing when I was six, seven. And so like now for a horror movie to really do it, it not only has to have all the kills, but it also has to be written really well, filmed really well. It has to be a really good 

Jesse/Alana: I need a Hereditary to scare me now.

Like 

Joe: you

Geo: oh,

Jesse/Alana: Yeah. oh,

he got me.

Geo: I the ending. 

Joe: Yeah, 

Geo: know 

Jesse/Alana: ending.

didn’t get me, but The but the leading, but 

Geo: move. Oh yeah. [00:58:00] Oh my 

Jesse/Alana: didn’t,

realize my shoulders were up to my ears till the credits

rolled and I, was like, oh, relax.

Geo: I have to agree. Yeah. Yeah. And Tony Collette is,

Joe: I know you’re a huge Tony Colette. George

Melissa: I love her.

Joe: Tony Collette all the time yeah. So another fun month of horror. We have this episode here you’re listening to, and then after this we are gonna do the thing, John carpenter’s a thing.

We have Bill Haliar or Todd Berg going as guests with 

Nick: Hopefully we’ll get that Ouija board done.

Joe: We’re not doing Ouija board,

Jesse/Alana: I have one you can borrow.

Joe: so No, we’re done

Melissa: They’re looking for a spot to do it. And I said, absolutely 

freaking 

Jesse/Alana: go to the Labile Woods. You can

do it there. Before 

Joe: cut off though, in our last episode, we wanted to know you, you had mentioned, Melissa, that the ghost of Reed’s Local likes gin.

How did that come about?

Oh,

Melissa: okay. So we had some ghost hunters here and they this is part of the reason I refuse to do a Ouija board is every time I’ve gone ghost hunting, they’re always like, oh, it’s [00:59:00] you.

You’re the conduit. We never see as much activity as we do as when you’re here. I’ve had my hair pulled out of my head and like the radio frequency thing, it goes, I like her. And I’m like, I’m getting the fuck outta here. Absolutely

Jesse/Alana: like you. No

thank 

Melissa: I’ve heard like an Oculus box, one of those things where it like spits out words and like I was holding it.

There was no activity, so they turned everything off. This wasn’t here, this was at another location. They turned everything off and then, I said, okay, I guess there’s nothing happening. And it says, no wait. And then all the lights started to flicker in the room after they turned off 

Jesse/Alana: Oh, that’s cute. 

Melissa: And then I threw the Oculus and it said, sorry. And I’m like, are you kidding me? And they’re like, oh, that’s ’cause of you. So here at the bar, there was no activity. And I said, okay, there’s nothing happening, but you know, thanks Ghost for letting us like bother you. I’m gonna pour you some whiskey.

And the Oculus box said, no gin. And I said,

Jesse/Alana: oh geez.

Melissa: Okay. So this ghost is a 1920s ghost. Got it. Because I think I told you like this has been a [01:00:00] bar since the thirties, but it was a mortuary before that. And that’s something we found out a few years Right.

Nick: I just thought 

Jesse/Alana: at the height of gangster 

Nick: other are living here.

Thank you again, Melissa for 

Melissa: Thank you

Nick: hosting

us 

Jesse/Alana: and thank you for having

Joe: Yeah. I can’t wait. I can’t wait to try. 

Geo: I can’t.

Melissa: I have some here. You guys can sample

Joe: Oh, definitely. 

Jesse/Alana: Oh, no, they’re all getting bottles, so I brought some.

Yeah. 

Joe: Oh, thank you. Thank you. You got me 

Nick: you got Nick?

Joe: got Nick? We got Nick. 

Geo: Georgia. 

Joe: got Georgia.

Melissa: Oh, 

Jesse/Alana: Melissa,

Jesse and you got Alana.

Joe: got Al, and we got Alana.

Nick: And we cut down through some holes, down

and we slash some holes.

Joe: All right, y’all stay Curious.

Stay safe out there,

Nick: Goodbye.

Joe: and we love y’all.

Transcript EP: 43: Animal Swarms with Josh Fisher


In this episode, researcher Josh Fisher joins the Rabbit Hole of Research to explore the eerie, fascinating world of animal swarms—from locust plagues and angry crows to science, folklore, and cinema.

In this episode of Rabbit Hole of Research, we’re joined by researcher Josh Fisher to explore the captivating, creepy, and sometimes comical world of animal swarms. From biblical plagues and Hitchcock’s The Birds to surprisingly vindictive crows, we dive deep into the science, psychology, and symbolism behind swarming behavior. We look at how swarms have appeared across history, religion, fiction, and film, uncovering the patterns that unite everything from buzzing bees to coordinated chaos in horror cinema. It’s a mix of science, storytelling, and a touch of speculation, all flying at you in this episode’s swirling dive into the natural world.

Listen Here: SubstackAppleSpotifyYouTubeAmazon


Joe: [00:00:00] Hey, welcome back to the Rabbit Hole of Research down here in the

basement studio for another fun, exciting episode. You just have me, Joe. We’ve got

Nick over here. Georgia is taking the night off.

she

Nick: doing tonight?

Joe: I don’t know. And I’m

Nick: Do are we, wait, are we allowed to talk about what she’s currently doing or

is she gonna be, I feel like if I do, she’s gonna throw something at me.

Joe: maybe she’s watching Twilight Zone to catch up on some of those episodes.

So she

Nick: has her timely references. Yeah,

Joe: timely references, that’s right. For the mini episodes. She is always, she’ll be

back on the mini episode. Tell us what we did wrong and what we did right?

Nick: Hey Joe, I think we have a guest

Joe: We do have a guest. We’re talking animal swarms. I wanna say shwarma,

every time I say like animal

swarm.

Nick: Yeah. We’re all going for animal

Joe: we’re gonna get some, we’re gonna get some chicken shawarma. We should

be, we should have like chicken shawarma sandwiches or

3something

Nick: that was invented [00:01:00] in Marvel Avengers. That was the first time any-

one’s ever heard of

Joe: the first time anyone’s heard of it. Okay. There you go. You heard it here

on a rabbit hole of research. A hundred percent hand

Josh: I don’t know. know about Sharma, but I’m here to talk about animal swarms.

My name’s Josh. Thank you for having me on. I actually am a coworker of Joe’s, but in

past life I worked for a wildlife control company for about five to five or so years. I was

working in the field for a while and then worked in the office got a lot of fun experi-

ence working with animals.

Not so many swarms in that job,

Joe: but,

Nick: I mean, that

Josh: animals have always been an interest of.

Joe: Yeah.

Luckily you didn’t have a lot of swarms because they’re pretty

Nick: never. Great.

Joe: No.

I do have my definition to get started and a list.

Oh, you have a definition

Definition. I got definition list. Yeah, it’s it’s not an episode if I don’t two dot I think

it’s you know,

I

Nick: thought that was a new thing to this episode.

Joe: No, it’s not.

Nick: Oh, man.

4Joe: So I just wanted to give a general [00:02:00] definition and Josh correct me,

tell me if I’m wrong or whatever it’s happened before with guests. Animal swarm is, I

keep saying it’s swarm. I swarm. It’s like funny. An animal. Animal

Josh: You’re hungry, Joe.

Joe: is a large organized group of animals that move or act collectively.

Often in response to environmental clues, survival strategies or social behaviors.

Swarming typically involves self-organizing patterns where individuals follow simple

local rules that lead to complex group dynamics without centralized control.

Josh: That sounds about right to me. You know, the biggest thing that stands out

about swarm behavior to me is that it’s almost like an emergent phenomenon. You

know, it’s not just a large group of individuals acting chaotically you know, humans are

a very social, gregarious species, but we don’t really have swarm behavior in most cas-

es.

That might be something we could bring up later on, but, you know, groups

[00:03:00] of people normally act somewhat randomly and chaotically with respect to

each other, whereas. When we’re talking about animals exhibiting like a swarming be-

havior they are responding to the cues of the other individuals around them.

And so you get this kind of emergent behavior that you know is greater than the

sum of its parts in a lot of cases.

Joe: You brought up humans right off the bat, and I was just thinking about it

’cause you’re like, oh, humans don’t typically, but the one time they do is a mob kind

of mentality. If a

Josh: Yeah. Crowd dynamics get really

interesting.

Joe: Yeah. Yep.

Nick: They’re a witch. They’re a witch.

5Joe: you don’t,

Nick: yeah.

Joe: you either join the mob or you get out the way of the mob as it’s coming to-

wards you because you’re, you can’t stop it. Like it is very, it’s, it is one of those inter-

esting dynamic entities that go, that it fits more probably into, like you said, crowd dy-

namics that concerts or shows.

There was just folks doing studies on that about trying to mathematically predict

crowd dynamics [00:04:00] to make, events safer at, , ’cause you have this event, you

have, , like Lollapalooza, all these big events, all these people, and there is some, once

the nucleus starts, you can then pattern.

And so if you can have a drone or something overhead, you can catch what are

you

making

nothing.

Just

for?

Nick: the idea of trying to study a bunch of drunk people and just

Josh: I mean that just

Nick: let’s see how this works.

Josh: at a festival and, when the main act gets on stage, then you feel that crush of

the crowd as

Joe: That’s right.

Josh: push forward,

Nick: Oh,

Josh: even though there’s no space to get any

closer. go any closer. Yeah.

6Joe: just need to get as close as you possibly can. That’s where the best seat is.

Josh: yeah. and God held The person in front of you.

Yeah,

Nick: But yeah the idea of just studying all these drunk people is hilarious. I love

Joe: they don’t have to be drunk. I mean, it could be the,

Nick: if you’re at Lollapalooza, tell me how many people are not drinking heavily.

There’s all day.

Joe: There’s a few in there that, that’s

Nick: or high [00:05:00] as all get up.

Joe: I don’t know. I don’t

Josh: just a few bad actors.

Joe: yeah. Exactly. They run a very tight ship down

Nick: Yeah. I’ve never done that.

Josh: Have you been down to Grant Park when it’s around, like you’re not getting

anything in there?

Joe: That’s right. It’s, they lock it

Nick: You can’t get over the fence at

Josh: Tight security. No way.

Joe: No one’s looking the other way. It’s

Nick: think they only caught a guy with a broken leg.

Joe: I

Josh: buddy of mine, minute up.

Buddy and I went to Riot Fest when we when he turned 30 and we were laughing

that the second day the drugs we were smuggling in was ibuprofen because we were

so sore from the first day of the festival.

Joe: Yeah.

7Josh: Joys of getting older.

Nick: oh

Joe: yeah, it happens. We don’t, we have to do an aging episode or something

like that. Yeah,

I had a few characteristics. We already touched on some of ’em. It always is large

numbers. The swarms usually consist of dozens to millions of [00:06:00] individuals.

Collective movement talked about that these kind of, they become synchronized co-

hesive movements in response to these stimuli.

Predator threats, food sources, your favorite band getting on stage. You started

having this movement self-organization. The swarms behavior emerges from local in-

teractions between individuals. And so since we

Josh: emerge

Joe: that’s an emergent phenomenon, right? Adaptive some

of these can be adaptive evolutionary advantages to predatory avoidance, forging

efficiency, environmental adaptation.

So swarming isn’t just, , always a chaotic, , there’s some threat, but it could actually

have some purpose. And then dynamic structure those swarms can change shape,

density, direction, very fluid and responding to the internal and external pressures of

push and pull of the group.

So it is very yeah, very.

Josh: very varied. You know, I think as you’re listing off all those characteristics, it

covers a wide variety of

[00:07:00] And you have a lot of different reasons, a lot of different environmental

cues and stuff driving that swarming behavior. So depending on what species you’re

talking about it, it gets really fascinating.

8I mean, I had a number of things come off the top of my head when you men-

tioned animal swarms, and when I did some just kind of brief diving into it. It’s really

interesting once you start comparing all the different types of swarm behavior and,

you know, reasons behind it and types of species that it occurs in, you know, every-

thing from invertebrates like jellyfish to, you know, we’re talking about humans, you

know, the highest order by some measures of vertebrate.

Joe: No, you’re right. And even microbial populations like that. I was looking up

slime molds have this kind of behavior that they were searching for food or response

to threats. But I was

Josh: A bloom.

Joe: algal blooms.

Yeah, that was, I was gonna, that kind of leads us into, I think if you I mean maybe

let’s, we can do a game, everyone listening, but when someone says [00:08:00] animal

swarm swarms in fiction, what your mind goes to probably one movie.

Josh: I, think we’re probably thinking of the same

Joe: Probably. Yes. Whatcha thinking over there?

Nick: as always go with the Marvel comic.

Joe: Oh, you’re going, you went warm. Which one? Oh,

Nick: He is a you

Joe: your you mean, spider-Man villain. Okay. Yeah. That’s your go-to.

Nick: Yeah. I don’t know why it’s, I mean,

Joe: at that, the

insects

Josh: you’re thinking, Hitchcock,

Joe: I am thinking Hitchcock, the birds.

Yes. Oh yes.

9Nick: didn’t even think of that one.

Josh: Yeah, that’s like the classic swarm movie.

Nick: And I’ve even read so many things that were like, birds are swarms. And I’m

like, are they though?

Joe: No the

Josh: interestingly, the bird behavior in that movie doesn’t fit some of the swarm

characteristics because the birds are acting very individually.

Joe: right. They

Josh: Like they, they have a concerted [00:09:00] purpose, you know, destroy all

humans. But they’re not, they’re, you know, they’re not acting in this way where they’re

influenced by the neighbors

working They’re, you know, they are somewhat more individual and

random.

Joe: Yep. And they give the background For those who might not know or have

heard of the Birds, it was an Albert Hitchcock classic horror, masterpiece. 1963. When

it came out, it was actually based on a short story by Daphne Du Mare in 1952.

That was its literary foundation. In the short story. It was the birds were an allegory

to Nazi Germany and being invaded and being taking over. So it was this,

Nick: so it’s time for a remake,

Joe: it’s time for remake and yeah. And so very Cold War theme thematic at that

time.

If you think about, in, in the fifties [00:10:00] early fifties, that was one the minds of

a lot of folks. The movie, it takes place at a fictional coastal town. Like the main charac-

ters, there’s a guy in his love interest. They go to a small house.

And then these birds are just flocking around and then start attacking them in this

kind of way. And it’s, in these movies where you do have swarm somewhat, they repre-

10sent symbols of, societal fears the. Uncontrollable. And, dangerous coming at you in a

way that you can’t get away.

Sporadic you have all this. So that is, that was there and it probably led

Nick: was a horror movie,

Josh: Or.

Joe: Or phobia. There it is.

Nick: so you classify this as a horror movie, right? Horror movie,

Joe: Horror movie? Yeah. I don’t hold on time.

I mean, that’s what it’s classified as. I didn’t

Josh: Yeah.

Joe: give it mean.

official.

Josh: not going rogue on us. It’s definitely, it’s a horror classic.

Nick: Oh, I, okay. I

Joe: might make it a romance. I don’t know. It’s a, you know,

Nick: I didn’t know [00:11:00] if it had to do with what age you were when you

first, not making an old joke, of course, but

Josh: the birds the birds murder people

Joe: they do. Yeah,

Josh: uh, the, this, this island that they’re on, this little town gets slowly invaded by

birds and there’s all these looming intense shots of birds lining, you know, the

power

Joe: The playground, when she goes to get, they get the kids come out and they

get in the car and all the birds, there’s one there and then they look back, there’s five

and they look back and they’re, it is just then just the whole playground is covered

with birds.

11and her

Nick: the movie, but I just don’t remember feeling fear from that one.

Joe: I I mean personally,

that’s

Nick: why I was like, wait, I don’t actually like it’s been a minute since I’ve seen it.

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: But Yeah. That’s

why I was like I don’t remember if it was like an

Joe: I think it’s very I think it’s, I think you have, the horror genre, you have that

element of fear and that’s part of it there, that you have this kind of looming threat.

That’s always there. And you think of horror movies, from, Jason Freddy, classics,

but [00:12:00] the birds, they were just looming threat that was there. And you have

this kind of presence,

Josh: all about building up

Joe: yeah, there’s sharp beaks and they’re erratic movements just pecking at you

and just really

Nick: I mean, crows can take people down

Joe: no,

I don’t, I’m not messing with no crows. I mean, they’re

Josh: wouldn’t.

Joe: I

do want a

do not. Birds they hold grudges, like crows, I think mag pies,

Josh: Yeah.

Joe: they actually, they will re, they remember your face

and your family line.

12They

Josh: Every single species you just mentioned are all members of the Corvid

Nick: Yep.

Joe: Oh, okay. and the Corvids are all some of the smartest birds in the

Nick: They will either love you or

Josh: you’re right, they will definitely recognize people and they will hold a

grudge.

I think there’s even been stories of pros basically telling other pros

Josh: To watch out for.

Joe: yep. Yeah. It almost seems like it’s passed through lineage, like so that their

progeny has the same grudge. Like it’s a, it’s generational.

Like it takes

I

Nick: love that. It is such a [00:13:00] pettiness that I

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: I thrive to. It’s if I hate you, yeah. My whole bloodline’s

Joe: we’re all,

Josh: it’s also the people that are good to They’ll also pass down like the people

that, that feed them and leave stuff out for them. Like they’ll pass along that informa-

tion also. So it’s not entirely negative. You just don’t want to get on their bad

Joe: No, you don’t.

Nick: accidentally run one

Joe: the the, I think the crow that would bring the one guy that left bread and stuff

out for it or food out. It would bring them money, rolled up little, it would go, it would

scour the city for ball. Lost money and then bring it back. And then drop it off.

13Yeah. Yeah. And just drop it off. It was like a value and that the per the person left

the food was excited to get, some money, but I just figured this bird now is attacking

people and has taking their money. It’s like

Didn’t

Nick: he use that money to buy better food for that one

Joe: maybe. Yeah, that would be nice.

Nick: Just pocket this one.

And

Josh: buys better food for himself. Yeah. Screw that bird.

Joe: and you might notice too, but like in, in the birds there were many different

[00:14:00] bird species, and usually birds don’t flock together, that saying comes from

that. So it, it was a very, that also made it ominous that you had all these different birds

Josh: Yeah, like why did all

Against humans all of a sudden,

Joe: Yeah.

Josh: And the isolated nature of the movie as well, because you didn’t know what

was happening in the rest of the world.

kept it?

really isolated on just those characters. So is it this island? Is it everywhere? And at

the end of the movie, they just the murderous birds just fly off into

the

Joe: right. Yeah. They stop, they break apart and it was a whole

maternal,

I don’t know, there was like some other weird. Storylines in there. But yeah, the

birds, they fought ’em off and then they just walk out the house and the birds are like,

just chilling. And they go off and it’s like, all right, it’s everyone’s happy.

14Go off

Josh: But did they go out to attack somebody else,

Nick: I hope so.

Josh: Like you don’t know, like they leave everything unexplained.

Nick: I hope they did. You know, it’s just Hey, another day, all right, we got this

town done. Let’s go to the next one tomorrow. [00:15:00] Yeah. Same time. Yeah. And

Joe: so the

Josh: Yeah. I mean, as a species, humans do have it coming.

Joe: me too, I mean, and it was there’s some historical evidence that that Hitch-

cock got the idea from a real. Bird attack in North Monterey Bay in 1961. So thousands

of like sea birds exhibited disorientated aggressive behavior. And they came to find

out it was a omic acid.

Nick: Oh, I was gonna guess moldy bread

Joe: it that you get poison from diatoms and you were mentioning the microbial

blooms.

Algal blooms, the red tide. That’s what this is. And it’s a neurotoxin that’s that’s

produced by a certain marine algae that actually disrupts the nervous system by mim-

icking the neurotransmitter glutamate leading to kind of overstimulation, neuronal

damage and symptoms like seizures, memory loss, and confusion.

And so you had all these birds like kind of swarm into Monterey, right? That’s

right. Yeah. And they go And [00:16:00] so he had at that story, at this event occurred

near his residence. And maybe gave that final inspiration.

Josh: Hitchcock’s

residence.

Joe: Yep.

Josh: Oh, wow.

15Joe: So that was interesting there, that it did have this kind of real world connec-

tion that you could have a bunch of birds just go crazy, a bunch of angry birds you

know, so

Nick: he was the one that passed them all off.

Joe: off. He’s the one that did it.

Nick: He was like, you know what? This would be a great story. Let’s see how that

would turn out.

Joe: The other thing is. Is the groups of bird names. I just always get a kick out of

looking those up. Like a wake of buzzards, a murder of crows. The most famous, prob-

ably a convocation of eagles, a mob of emus , an asylum of loons, the squadron of

pelicans.

They just have these really cool names, you know, it’s

Josh: of starlings.

Joe: It’s I just love it. It’s who is naming these per what was the motivation there?

It’s

Josh: Oh yeah.

Joe: they don’t

Josh: I just imagine It was some old English guy [00:17:00] in the edu Edwardian

period, like sitting back, smoking a pipe, just like coming up with names for random

groups of

Joe: at that wake of

Nick: Like,

why did fish get the short end of the stick here? It’s just a school of fish,

Joe: a school of fish.

Nick: Not any specific kind.

Joe: you know, a herd of cows. We don’t get anything like, you know, not a.

16Josh: I mean, in the Christian conception of the world fish don’t even count as

meat. So they’ve always been getting the short end of the stick.

Nick: They aren’t animals, they’re

Joe: But birds also have that. I think they’re, I think they’re easy to fear. They can

fly. They have the high ground. If we’ve learned anything from Star Wars,

Nick: I have the high ground kin.

Joe: But they do, and they have talons. They have beaks. They’re ready to go.

, humans really aren’t

Josh: no one wants to get attacked by

Joe: it’s you

Nick: They’re pretty much flying dinosaurs, wil mor de kin say about

Josh: Oh yeah.

I mean, have you ever been attacked by a red wing blackbird? We’ve got them

around this area,

uh, all over

Uh, Have you been attacked? What is the.

I have, [00:18:00] yeah. They’re about the size of a robin and they get really ag-

gressive when they defend their nests in the summer when they’re laying their eggs

and raising their yu.

And so if you pass too close to their nest, they will dive bomb. You. yeah. I’ve total-

ly been attacked. They’ve nest in the parks around here.

Joe: yeah, there it is. So I didn’t know if you were out

Josh: You laugh, but you just wait.

Joe: Antagon. No I’ve had my fair share of dive bombs. So when I was a grad stu-

dent at Arizona State University, they have the palm trees and there were crows, or

some blackbird that lived up in these palms.

17And during probably nesting season, they would swoop down as you walk

through campus. So there were certain, walkways that if you went down, they were go-

ing to swoop down the top of your head. And it always freaked me out. Just one step

to the birds, man.

That was it. They just get together you know what? Let’s just mess that dude up

right there. Let’s make an example out of that one human. And I bet you the rest of hu-

mans aren’t gonna come this way. I mean,

it’s

Nick: a good way, it’s a good method. I agree. [00:19:00] If I saw someone get hit

in the head with a bird, I’d be like,

Joe: that’s right.

Yeah, I’m done. I mean, out of all of the animal swarms. I think birds I think birds

are up there. I think the next one, and maybe might take it as wasps, I think just a, a

swarm of

Josh: Yeah. I wouldn’t wanna, I wouldn’t want a swarm of any kind of stinging

Joe: right? Yes. Yes.

Nick: I

Josh: bees or wasps

or Hornets.

Joe: i mean, like honeybees. I don’t know why

you want a swarm of honeybees around you. I want

but they’re usually not violent. So is it just a lot of honeybees that you agitate?

Josh: Honeybees were actually one of the things that we dealt with pretty often as

part of my wildlife control. We did bees, wasp, and hornets and some other insect

species. Honeybees swarm regularly is part of their normal lifecycle, the greater lifecy-

cle of the colony. When they reach a certain size, usually in the spring or later in the

18end of the summer, they’ll produce a new queen and half the hive, half the colony will

split off with the [00:20:00] old queen and they’ll swarm out into the environment

somewhere and look for a new place to establish a new hive.

And so this swarm will be like a basketball sized ball of bees that will just kinda

hang in a tree or maybe off the gutter of your house or something like that. And they

are not aggressive in that

They’re just balled up, protecting the queen in the center of that ball and sending

out scouts in the surrounding area to try to find a good place that they can move into

basically.

Nick: oh damn.

Josh: And so we would get calls periodically about that type of behavior and, you

know, have to try to explain to people sometimes with more success than others. That

no, really don’t do anything with it. Don’t spray them with a hose. Don’t, you know, just

leave them alone and they will go away and at most, a day or two,

Joe: Yeah. Out of all the flying stinging animals, honeybees are like the sweetest,

no pun intended.

Josh: least the ones that we have around here,[00:21:00]

Joe: Yeah. Oh, are they, are there

Josh: one of, one of the things I, one of the things I had in my note to talk about

was Africanized

Joe: Okay. All right. Yes.

Josh: Because I remember as a kid, killer Bees being such a huge news story and

this big sensational thing and like even watching you know, made for TV movies about

towns getting attacked by giant swarms

with killer bees. Yeah. So that, that, like when I was a kid, killer Bees were up there

with like

19Joe: Now, I was gonna say quicksand

Josh: that I thought I really

Joe: we talked

about, we talk about quicksand quite a bit, not being the threat that we thought it

was.

Nick: and the murder

Josh: I thought it was gonna be

Nick: episode or two ago.

Joe: Yeah.

things did we

Nick: where you were just like expecting to run into ’em.

Yeah. Just.

Josh: Yeah. Hey, one day I’m gonna need to know what to do about quicksand

because it’s gonna happen inevitably.

Joe: gotta have your belt and a stick and flatten out. I mean, yeah. You had a

whole

Yeah.

All the time.

interacted with no quicksand yet. I’m a little disappointed.

Nick: I’m very

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: This life has let me

Joe: change and no murder bees either. Luckily, I’m, I’ve been I’ve been

[00:22:00] lucky on that

Josh: seemed to have gotten stopped by the winter, which is always

had heard, is

20They’re not adapted for overwintering European honeybees are. And so they

would only get so far. But I guess that’s another thing that we can look forward to with

global warming is killer bees will continue their march to conquer North America.

Nick: Yes.

Josh: But they’re like, end em to the southwest and southeast now.

Joe: Wow.

Josh: As far as I know they’ve got them. I don’t know how common they are com-

pared to other species, but there’s definitely reports I saw even up to Georgia and

Tennessee. So they’re out there, man, you gotta watch out for killer

bees. More, more likely than quicksand.

Joe: Yeah, that’s for now, just wait until the killer quicksand. Just when you

thought it was safe

Josh: that turns into killer bees

Joe: Quicksand filled with killer bees at the

Wait,

you get sucked in, they’re

oh, I was

Josh: as, as you’re down, the killer bees are

coming out and stinging you as you’re sinking into the quicksand.

Nick: they’re eating [00:23:00] your feet alive first. You’re just like, oh

Josh: you can get the,

Joe: What’s

Josh: the overly dramatic Nicholas Cage death like

Nick: The

Joe: bees,

Josh: The bees, they’re in my mouth.

21Nick: the bear.

Joe: So after the birds and the bees,

Nick: what happens

next? Joe,

Joe: How we go? Locus

Like locus is probably up there, like for a story. Like it’s just, I mean, it’s biblical,

right?

Josh: One of the

Joe: that’s a if you’re thinking

Josh: Yeah, locusts are really interesting

Uh, like actually

Joe: ants.

Nick: yeah. Over locus.

Joe: I think,

I think locusts are

Josh: are also really

Nick: I don’t know. I just thinking like between ants and locusts, that would go

next. Ants I feel would be the next one

Joe: Locusts are biblical, right? I maybe there’s a ant but able story, but

Nick: I don’t know. I don’t

Joe: Locus are.

Fairly destructive too. They actually destroy millions and billions of dollars worth of

crops like every year. Like it’s, they [00:24:00] are a real,

Nick: don’t they have those ants that like torture people for whenever they swarm

up on people, torture people like they’ve,

Joe: You mean like fire

22Nick: ants? No, the bullet ants.

Joe: the bullet bulletins. I mean,

Nick: Oh, am I mixing

Josh: think you’re thinking about

Nick: army ants?

Josh: which don’t really attack people swarm them. Animals that have reputations

like that, like you have to really mess with them. You have to earn it to get attacked by

a lot of animals

like that. Uh,

Joe: ants.

I can’t.

Those ants are doing nothing to you. They’re just

chilling.

Josh: videos of army ants, like they move in these giant swarms they actually don’t

have permanent hive spaces like ants do. Like they don’t dig tunnel systems in the

earth and stuff. They move in these giant constant swarms through the forest. So you

gotta really put yourself in danger’s way to get attacked by these army ants or, I don’t

know, maybe be like, tied up by a snidely whiplash style villain

and left it in their, I guess didn’t they have that in the, one of those Indiana Jones

Joe: What they like [00:25:00] Uh, honey or something, or they do

Josh: Yeah. And then, then

For the army ants. Yeah.

Nick: See that one I,

Josh: maybe if you do

Joe: was it. But locusts are like, I think a real threat.

23Josh: Well, locusts have two different types of life cycles if they’re, if food is plenti-

ful, they’re fairly solitary and they’re basically just a species of brass hopper. And when

conditions occur that force them to congregate together once they start rubbing up

against each other, if that happens too frequently in a certain amount of time, they’ll

actually start.

Changing their physiology, they’ll get like bigger and the spines on their ex-

oskeleton get bigger and they actually undergo this whole physiological change and

behavioral change, and they’ll start that swarming And so you get those, the biblical

swarms

Joe: Yeah.

Josh: And when they’re in that form, yeah, you can have swarms of millions that

just spread across the countryside for miles devastating

Joe: Yeah. They go any plant life I mean,

Josh: yeah. [00:26:00]

Joe: not localized to just like a neighborhood.

They travel

Josh: And that often happens in like drought conditions and times where food is

scarce. And so that makes them even more dangerous because then they, you know,

the stories of swarms, of locusts destroying people’s crops are really true. And like that

kind of stuff does and can happen,

Nick: Alright. I, given the, I’ll put.

Locust above

Joe: That’s like Exodus, man, one of the 10 plagues of Egypt sent by God to pun-

ish the

pharaohs for refusing to free to Israelites.

Josh: The wrath of God right

24Joe: I mean, they’re,

Listen, if they’re

around.

You know,

Nick: if someone’s gonna swarm me with Locus, I’ll just get my murder of crows

on ’em.

Okay.

Joe: I don’t know. I think the locust could take down the

Nick: I don’t think so.

listen.

Josh: of crows.

You got millions of locusts,

Joe: yeah, they just got the numbers on

Josh: but maybe it would be a smorgasbord for the right

Joe: That’s true. I guess locusts aren’t at the top of the food chain, so they

would have to bow [00:27:00] down.

Like we, we talked about

Josh: about a swarm we had locally here the cicadas, the

periodical,

Joe: CRCs, right?

Josh: Just last year in Illinois in this area, we had a brood of 13 year cicadas and a

brood of 17 year cicadas,

which are different subs.

Joe: Crc.

Josh: subspecies of cicadas that only hatch every so often. They don’t come

out every year.

25Joe: person in the region that didn’t go out and find some

Nick: I don’t think I’ve seen a single,

Josh: news

stories all

Joe: was like everything.

I don’t

Nick: think there was a single cicada in my neighborhood.

Josh: Mean had to go, I mean right. It’s, there’s in in really heavily urban areas.

They didn’t show up that much because the, their eggs have been underground for

13 or 17 years. So if you’ve had a lot of development in your area, then, you know,

they dug up all those eggs along with whatever earth they tilled, you know, to make

development.

So there were a lot of areas around here, like where I live in Chicago, there

[00:28:00] wasn’t really. Much, although there was some down in our park down by

the lake. But we really didn’t have those huge numbers that they had in other areas of

Illinois especially where these two broods overlapped. Which was something that

happens only every 221 years when the 13 and 17 years cicadas line up so that both

broods are hatching at the same time.

And if you’ve never been somewhere where that was occurring, they’re literally

everywhere. They’re all over the trees, like end to end covering the trees and all litter-

ing all over the ground. It’s unreal. And local animals love it. Everything eats cicadas,

basically. Even even things like squirrels eat cicadas during those times.

Joe: poor cicadas. They’re just there chilling, brooding, and

Nick: you woke up to get

Joe: That’s right.

26Josh: 13 years underground just to come up and serve as a smorgasbord buffet

for everything around you.

Nick: So they’re at like the [00:29:00] bottom of the list on swarms that we

Joe: right? Yeah. They’re probably

Josh: Cs are the very bottom of the

Joe: Those are No danger to

Josh: And they’re just food.

Joe: just go out, you want to seek that swarm out. You’re like, let’s go see the

CRCs at the park. I mean, it was fun. We went down to the cab ar, and they were all

over the place.

Mean, you were just, you walk a few feet and you’re getting hit by CRCs. They

were,

Nick: yeah. I don’t think I’ve seen any of them this, whenever that happened last,

Josh: Oh, you missed out

Joe: didn’t

Yeah, I didn’t see any,

gotta, wait, you said 220 years,

Nick: Hopefully I’ll be dead in at least half that

Josh: for both of those 13 and 17

years 13 years or 17 years, you’ll have another brood happening, right? Is that the

cycle? 13

in this area. And there’s multiple broods in our region of the US.

Joe: Okay.

Josh: So there’s other areas that will have 13 or 17

year cicadas match at different times. So if you’re really missing it, there’ll be

something next year or this year

27you can chase ’em down.

Nick: I’m pretty sure I’m good. [00:30:00] I don’t need to go see all these flying

bugs.

Joe: It’s moving down

Josh: saw people online doing recipes with the

Joe: That’s right. Yeah. They were talking the

Josh: Try to, you know, fry ’em up, make little cicada tacos or

Joe: And it was like the younger ones, that hadn’t multi was at the,

Josh: Yeah. You wanna get ’em right when they come out of the ground apparent-

ly, because they’re still kind of soft shell, you want the soft

shell

Joe: don’t want the

Josh: not the uh,

Joe: ones the crunchy ones Throw back. It’s got the crunch. You don’t want ’em

Munch.

You go. That’s it.

Josh: are big.

Joe: They are, I don’t know. I’ve been, have you eaten a lot? I mean, I’ve had meal-

worms.

Nick: How many cicadas have you eaten, Joe?

Joe: Zero.

Josh: mealworms and I’ve had some grasshoppers that were pretty small

grasshoppers as, as far as those things go,

Joe: I haven’t had any other insects. There’s a place they make

Josh: not bad, you know, prime up, a little Cajun seasoning.

Just try not to think about what you’re eating.

28Joe: yeah.

Josh: They’re not bad.

Joe: Like spiders they probably taste tastes a lot like, you know,

Josh: I don’t know. That might be too far for

me.

Joe: They’re like land shrimp, right?

Nick: I thought that would be [00:31:00] cockroaches.

Joe: no, cockroaches are insects. Yeah. No, that’s a whole different line. That’s a,

that’s some hard times there.

That’s,

cockroaches

Nick: were the land shrimp. No. Is that not true?

Joe: No.

Nick: Or is that land crabs?

Joe: I don’t know what you’re talking about. Let’s move along. Now it’s kind. I’m

talking about ticks or something over there.

Nick: What

Joe: land crafts. That’s, yeah.

Nick: all

Josh: You mentioned ticks. I had a couple of movies that I was gonna bring up

and I dunno if you guys have ever heard of the movie Ticks.

It was an older movie definitely like a b or C tier horror movie about giant

mutated

In the mountains, attacking some coeds. But the best part of it is Howard’s broth-

er, Clint Howard noted, excellent character actor Clint Howard who plays one of the

hillbilly criminals who’s growing weed in the mountains that is also defending their

29weed fields against the giant mutated ticks. And he of course, [00:32:00] gets at-

tacked and then there’s lots of great practical special effects if you like, those kinds of

beats here, horror movies. But it does involve, the movie does involve a giant swarm

of giant mutated ticks attacking people in the mountains.

Joe: Those are their best. That’s like Piranha. That was also

Josh: Yeah. Yeah. that’s kind A swarm movie.

You Ana,

Joe: Yes. did

Nick: I’m gonna throw this one out there.

Joe: oh. He’s been, see, he’s been sitting on this

Josh: can’t even say it.

Joe: Yeah,

Nick: I need a minute.

Joe: All right.

Why don’t we do that. I was gonna say my next, the next swarm that I think of are

rats,

Like rats are like, you know, and just the Pied Piper, of Hemel Hamlin. You had, dis-

eases, a lot of things have corresponded to.

Rat infestations in civilization, especially urban civilization of, , black plague, black

death. I mean, you had, things like that. So it is

Josh: Although that was more due to the fleas than

just gotta [00:33:00] they were the the rat’s, Reputation

on,

Joe: I am. They were the conduit though,

Now we’re gonna

had the fleas that actually then were moving, they were

30Josh: It’s a two way street, you know? I mean, the people weren’t all that clean

themselves either. The fleas were going back and forth pretty readily. don’t think we

can totally blame the

Joe: That’s why you have, women who had cats who didn’t, at that time, didn’t die

or get catch the plague. They were considered, , witches. But really they, because the

cats kept the rats away from spreading the f fleas da that they live, but then they got

persecuted as, you know, set of oh, that’s a smart idea.

We all should have a dozen cats. And

that’s,

Nick: where the mob mentality comes in.

Joe: the mob mentality

Josh: You’re right.

Joe: So you were, and when you were talking about the locusts rubbing up

against each other, and then all of a sudden you get this kind of angry mob I thought

of a concert venue , someone rubs up against someone the wrong way and then all of

a sudden you gotta, you got something happening.

Nick: So would shark NATO be considered a swarm?

Joe: know what, [00:34:00] you stop it as I, my youngest son, we were talking my

age, 14, I’ll be 15 a little bit. And we were, we, I said what the episode was gonna be

and he was like, are you gonna talk about Sharknato? I was like,

Nick: You know,

Joe: it. They just had a few sharks. It wasn’t a lot of sharks. Sharknato.

Josh: Hey. I’m happy to talk about

Sharknato though. That’s just good fun.

Nick: this is like the fifth episode in a

Joe: We’ve talked about Sharknato and other

31Josh: Have you, have, you talked about Steve Sanders from Beverly Hills 9 0 2 1

oh. Leaping through a shark with a chainsaw

like chainsaw. First he leaps through the shark.

Joe: Was that the first shark nato or one of the subsequent shark NATOs?

Josh: Not sure they all blend together.

Joe: work together?

I mean,

it was like four. I mean, that’s where people like, they, they’re like, I got this idea.

But it’s dumb.

Josh: were definitely too

Joe: yeah you just go, you just, you always look at shark NATO and go, that’s, if

they went into some room and [00:35:00] pitch that movie, you can pitch any idea you

got.

Just take faith and go,

Josh: Sharknado five, we’re still milking

Joe: right. Yeah.

It’s

Nick: Oh, and then they’re just milking a shirt.

Joe: Okay. That’s not how that works, but all

Nick: for this one it does because

Joe: made genetically engineered sharks with little tets.

Josh: They’re getting really creative

Nick: I think we’re gonna be able to pitch this one. Guys.

Joe: be I’m, there’s a, we’ve had a lot of movie ideas on these episodes.

This is one I’m not gonna be behind. I’m gonna leave this to Nick. He is. Got it.

Hold.

32What else you got? Anything?

Nick: Yeah, so that,

Joe: I mean, that’s, that was on my, and then Ants, I did have ants on my list, but

we touched upon them. Everything else is in there. I mean, the fictionalized, spiders

there was movies about that, like ACH phobia.

Josh: Arag phobia.

Joe: The nineties. That was one

Josh: There was one in the early two thousands I think called, just called Big Ass

Spiders.

Joe: Yep.

Eight. Yeah,

Josh: giant spiders there, eight legged, eight legged freaks, I

Joe: Eight legged free. But those are, but see, [00:36:00] that’s, those are giant

spiders. There’s a lot of ’em

Josh: They’re like fifties sci-fi

throwback

Joe: Yeah. Like them and those types of movies, but just you have a movie where

normal size it, there was, you know what, there was one also B Horror kind of The

frogs.

Nick: Oh, yes.

Joe: And it was like that the seventies

Josh: I’ve seen that VHS cover, but I don’t know if I’ve ever seen the

Joe: and they had a bunch in the seventies. People can go and look, but that was

the environmental kind of movies of animals attacking, you know, humans encroach-

ing on their land. So developers are coming in, they bought the cheap land, and then

the animals kind of rally and then go.

33But the frogs was exactly that, where they were there, and then the frogs started

killing. People one by one,

Nick: do zombies fall under swarms?

Joe: I was gonna say that I had that.

Nick: I had that written down as a note.

Joe: I think they

Josh: That was my thought first for human swarms in fiction. The first thought I had

was zombies

Joe: [00:37:00] I think would fit.

they bunched together And it was interesting because I think in movies or books

you have that idea of zombies. If you, you have the initial outbreak the demise of hu-

manity and the rise of the zombie. And then they appear that they do follow then a

swarm like mentality and behavior

I think z Nation that was at TV show.

Josh: Oh, I love Z

Joe: Yeah. And they had, but they had the swarms. They would go, oh, a swarm of

zombies are headed our way. And they had to get inside. And this whole, this herd, it

was like almost a herd of zombies would go through looking for almost like locusts,

looking for

Josh: Definitely. Following swarm behavior.

Joe: Yeah. So it is really, I think it would be interesting, I would say yes. That they

would find it and yeah, if there’s a food, like if you, there’s a bunch of zombies that are

disorganized and then there’s a stimulus event, they all then converge and actually fol-

low that [00:38:00] behavior to get at that that,

Josh: Yeah. I mean, that basic setup is in pretty much every zombie movie.

Joe: So I

34Josh: You think you’re hidden and then a noise attracts

Joe: that’s right. Yeah. And then one, and then

Josh: then they all swarm.

Joe: They’re all triangulate on that position and you got trouble. Yeah. Especially if

they’re fast moving zombies, which I have issues with, but, okay, we’ll move on. ’cause

that’s not, this is not

oh

Josh: That just seems unfair to the

Joe: Yes, it

Nick: does.

Joe: I, my whole gripe with that people know, is that I don’t know how you gain

ability after you go into a decay state. Okay. That’s all I’m gonna mention with

Nick: See Joe with science,

Joe: it’s just hand waving. I know, but it’s my job to call it out. But it is

Josh: You gotta draw the line somewhere.

I’m, I’m with you. How do you get faster and a limitless supply of energy as a zom-

bie when you didn’t have that as a human shambling? I understand. You know, you’re

barely

Joe: Yeah. They’re all right. But there’s folks that, it’s [00:39:00] like you weren’t

running that fast. When you were alive. Okay. So why are we running

Josh: We’re running for that long. I don’t know if you guys are runners, but you

know, if you are not out there running regularly, you can’t maintain a fast pace for very

long.

Nick: it’s all about the lung capacity though.

Joe: No lung capacity. They’re

Josh: is the lung capacity of an average

35Nick: I’d say none. So like

Josh: the, zombie virus negate the

Nick: drops down to zero and then it just goes infinite. That’s not

Josh: with no lungs? You don’t have to breathe. You could run forever,

solve it.

Nick: Boom

Joe: that was the idea that in,

Nick: was it Walking

Joe: Dead or which movie was that? Or was it Walking Dead where he had, they

had him exhale.

But he was a zombie. Like it was like a cold day when they did the shot and you

saw like a little breath of air you know, the kind of

Josh: I’m

Joe: Yeah, it

I don’t remember

Dead. It was like a mistake. It was one of the episodes where they shot it and one

of the [00:40:00] characters were supposed to be a zombie, but then they were clearly

breathing like a living human.

It was just

Josh: Oh, like they weren’t supposed to.

That wasn’t supposed to

Joe: I always do this ’cause I think it’s fun, but the earliest fictional

yeah. Right there.

Nick: Example.

Joe: I, yeah, I’m married. Yes. I’m a

Nick: This is tearing you up now with

36Joe: It is, I’m feeling very emotional about those zombies.

Nick: Yeah. You got a earliest, lemme guess it’s the Bible or

Josh: locus

Nick: Or, there was some Egyptian hieroglyphics that was found on the wall and it

predated back to a hundred bc

Joe: It’s, our favorite here. It’s the epic of

that story.

has like everything.

Nick: No, this is not acceptable.

Joe: has swarming lions.

And the Bulls of heaven. I mean, that’s

Nick: No, that doesn’t, no,

Josh: knew how to.

Joe: [00:41:00] But every episode it’s that is, that’s just what,

Nick: what’s, I’m gonna call BS on this one.

Joe: it’s there. Then the Iliad, they’re battling swarming bees, birds, locusts all the

kind of ancient swarming of animals in there. Yeah. The Bible, of course, that’s proba-

bly close to the age of the epic of Gilgamesh. Yeah,

you had, divine comedy, Dante , 1320 ce swarm hell has swarming like insects.

And then the Pied Piper, that was 14th, 16th century ce. So there’s a bunch. that’s idea.

That swarming animals coming at you is like the ultimate fear. I mean, as a solo, like

one rat isn’t an issue. 10 rats. Okay. You got a small

Nick: Wait, it depends on what size the rat is.

Joe: I mean,

Nick: is it like a New York rat where it’s like a

Josh: I don’t think they exist.

37Joe: You don’t like a [00:42:00] nice muskrat or Right. I mean a sewer rat they get

big

Josh: princess bride quote,

Joe: Oh,

Josh: rodent of unusual size. I don’t think they exist.

Joe: I was like, what are you talking about? I’ve seen it.

Nick: I’ve lived

Josh: Yeah. Something like a, that’s like A rat the size of a pig or a rodent.

Nick: Or what about when a bunch of rats get all tangled up together and they re-

form the rat king?

Josh: The rat kings,

yes.

Joe: What do you do? You need a bunch of rat kings to swarm. You know, can you

have swarming rat kings?

Josh: I think the idea is the rat King controls the rat swarm

Joe: see. Yeah.

Nick: It’s the nest of it that all gets bunched up with their tails and then they just

start like

Yeah,

Josh: moving as one entity.

Joe: But yeah, those were

Josh: You have to imagine, you know, animal swarms are gonna hold just as much

fascination for our ancestors as they do for us, if not more because people used to live

in a much more [00:43:00] intimate relationship with nature. You know, they were out

amongst animals and the wild much more of their day.

38Whereas we’re fairly separated from the natural world. Most of us, certainly if we

live in cities or urban environments, it makes sense that they were including this kind

of stuff in their stories and in their storytelling. For as long as we’ve had stories in sto-

rytelling,

Joe: Yes. No, I agree. And there, there’s a certain themes you can think of, you

know, the kind of, the fear of being overwhelmed, losing control against this kind of

overwhelming force that we have. The nature retaliation. We touched on that kind of

the seventies was really popular, but through history probably had that push and pull.

Have we gone too far? Are we encroaching too much on the natural world? Intelli-

gence and coordination. You just have these kind of, like you, you were saying earlier,

the birds, that’s, it’s not quite a traditional swarm of just chaotic. They were plotting

and planning and really guiding the [00:44:00] humans where they wanted it.

They were almost boxing ’em , wouldn’t let ’em leave the island. I mean, it was this

whole coordinated effort to keep ’em there. And then you just have the overall sym-

bolism as an allegory to societal breakdown, chaos or pre fears. And that’s almost

magnified when we get to the zombie, right?

Because that is our ultimate not even an animal that’s coming or is chaotic. It’s us

that has become the uncontrolled.

and

the ultimate breakdown, like the breakdown of self. I think that’s

Josh: We become our own worst nightmare.

Joe: So you giving me the look over

there? Give me the looks. What’s happening?

Nick: Nothing

Josh: matter, zombies are humans reduced to nothing but instinct.

Joe: Instinct. That’s right. Yeah.

39Josh: the zombie, The zombie swarm is humans without any of our intellect or in-

dividuality.

Joe: Reduced to the lizard brain, right? Is

Nick: yeah. They’re just Out to feed.

But like only on other people.

Joe: should be like a movie

Nick: out to feed.

I mean, that’s the next [00:45:00] zombie movie.

Joe: It is. We gotta do it.

You’ve heard it here out the feed.

Josh: can pitch that after Sharknado

five. right.

Nick: milking it.

Joe: Zombie nato.

Nick: Oh. Oh no.

Josh: Yeah.

Joe: just when you thought it was safe. The zombie twister.

Nick: Only if we can get that one guy back from the last twisters.

Joe: All right. Josh, do you have any advice to give folks if a swarm is approach-

ing?

Josh: Most part, try to get out of the way and relax. They probably aren’t interest-

ed in you.

Joe: oh, there you heard it there.

Crack open

Nick: know if I can

Joe: off.

40Nick: that. gonna panic and then away in a different

Joe: Get the flame You gotta remember the, the first the first commandment of

Douglas Adams. Don’t panic.

Don’t

Josh: Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy.

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: Oh man, I thought I was, grab the gasoline.

Joe: have your towel

Josh: Yep.

Joe: a towel

Josh: towel.

Joe: and do it.

Cool. Do you have a favorite [00:46:00] swarm? If you had to be in a swarm sce-

nario which animal which you want. I like a

Josh: Like for my own personal safety or

Joe: what? Whatever you

Josh: oh, no, I, I do, I say I have a favorite swarm. One of the things I didn’t quite

get a chance to bring up, but I guess I’ll bring it up

now, is, Dragonfly. Swarms. So there’s a species of dragonfly that migrates from

the Northern North America area down to the Gulf Coast of America and Mexico the

coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

And they passed through the Great Lakes area. And I live pretty close to a park

that’s right on the lakefront here in Chicago. And so every year around like late July,

August, September, we’ll have hundreds of dragonflies passed through the area. And

when I go down to the beach, you can watch the dragonflies coming in and pre on all

the smaller insects [00:47:00] that are flying around the dune grass and then above

41the dragonflies, all of the swifts and birds that are preying on the dragonflies as they

come through.

And it’s just this really cool display of nature that I love getting to see. And it’s

these huge. Swarms of animals, both the dragonflies and the birds that you know, you

can watch without any fear for yourself like I said, none of them are interested in

you.

Joe: doing their business

until they are, until it’s like that’s the guy over there.

Josh: Yeah. So if you’re lucky enough look out for the dragonfly

Joe: And when’s that about? Like just a

Josh: like late summer, I would say August,

September.

That’s when they’re coming through my area. So coming through Chicago and

then eventually they’re going down to, you know, the southern states, the Gulf Coast.

Joe: then it’s go straight. It’s a straight shot. That is so like through Illinois,

Josh: I, I’ve seen them, I’ve seen them around here for a long [00:48:00] time. I

was trying to figure out a little bit more about them. And they follow a similar migra-

tion pattern to Monarch butterflies. They’re actually a lot harder to track, so they don’t

know nearly as much about the dragonflies migration patterns as they do about

monarch butterflies, but they know that they’re in similar areas, similar timeframes.

They’re seeing them migrate along similar paths at similar times, but they just

don’t know as much about the dragonflies.

Joe: Yeah,

I was like I was gonna say monarchs is probably one also insect. And I just hap-

pened to be at like a conference in, was it Monterey or Sylmar, California. And there

was like some huge tree .

42And they were like, oh, this is a place they’re migrating right now. If you go, it’ll be

thousands of ’em. You know, tens of thousands just hanging around. And so we went

and we didn’t see tens of thousands, but they were like more like hundreds and they

were like, oh, we’re off by. It’s not an exact science like they’re gonna be, but it was like

they had a range of dates and we were just there come back [00:49:00] tomorrow.

And we were like we need to leave. We gotta, you know, it’s not like we, this is it,

this is our shop. But it was, they were there. I mean, you could see I mean, it was prob-

ably the most butterflies that

Josh: still pretty

impressive even

Joe: It was really cool. Yeah, it was really neat and fun. So I did enjoy that.

Nick, you got a favorite swarm?

Nick: Yeah, my murder.

Joe: Your murder.

Crows. You’re

Josh: murder of crows?

Nick: Why would, what’s not to love about them?

Joe: The crow army.

Nick: Yeah. I think befriending them and creating an army to do my bidding

would be the best idea

Joe: There it is.

Josh: Nick’s getting ready to be the villain in birds

Joe: know that’s right.

Nick: Hovering above with my crows

Joe: yeah. There. I can see it now. Feeding them bagels. Yeah. You’re like, here

you go.

43Nick: Anything they want

Joe: you go, yeah, I don’t

Nick: feed my birds. What about you, Joe? What’s your go-to swarm?

Joe: I just said Monterey. I I mean, I like the

motto. You didn’t say

Nick: that [00:50:00] was your

Joe: No. I piggybacked off of that one, but I mean, you know what? I’m a zombie

guy, so I’m just gonna go with, I’m gonna go with zombies. I like it. I threw ’em in there.

They’re animals, you know? Yeah,

Josh: Yeah.

Joe: So

Nick: I’m down for that.

Joe: We’re down for it. And I got my country wisdom, so I’m ready to go. I think I

can make it out.

Nick: I feel like I keep sending you more stuff to add to your country wisdom.

Joe: I know you gave me like the Guide to Survival or something like Yeah. I’m just

adding, I’m there.

Nick: I’m slowly just being like, all right, Joe’s gonna have everything I need.

Joe: just need somebody to be prepared. You, I know you’re your game.

You’re gonna be

Nick: out.

Joe: there dingdong.

Cool. Josh, anything else? Did we, we hit everything we can. Any other bits of wis-

dom you’d like to share

Josh: know, I

44I love animals. I’ll talk about ’em for as long as you want. But that’s, I think we’ve hit

most everything that I wanted to touch on.

Joe: Yeah. The now you were, do you have any fun on our way out, like [00:51:00]

a fun story in your. Career as a pest management. Engineer.

Josh: Yeah.

Joe: Sorry, I put you on the spot now you’re like, they were all

Josh: no, I mean, I was coming in as your, as the animal guy, so I should have had

a story ready. A lot of my stories are just like smaller quick anecdotes. A woman who

called in complaining that she could hear a goose somewhere on the pond that she

lived on, that sounded for forlorn.

Those were her words, and she wanted us to come out and do something about

it. She wasn’t even sure what she wanted us to do about it. She just didn’t like that this

goose sounded sad. I learned a lot about how little people, some people know about

nature in the natural

Joe: It’s a sad are just totally unprepared to deal with living next to animals.

Josh: you know, even if you’re, even if you’re living in the city you’ve got animals

all around you. You know, I saw a coyote in one of the cemeteries just the other day

from the train while I was going to work. I’ve seen raccoons pass me on [00:52:00] the

fire escape at, on my building.

Just walking up past the fire escape, just kinda Hey, how’s it going?

Alright. And I just let ’em go, you know, because they’re just trying to make a living

too.

Nick: Oh, so you don’t trap every animal now, like

Joe: Yeah.

Nick: that’s not like your daily thing

45Josh: no, I, I left my trapping days behind. Me and the animals have a much more

peaceful coexistence now which I’m much happier with.

Joe: And you were just personifying the raccoon. It didn’t really speak to you.

it did. It was, were

you out there? Because that’s

Josh: no I can I can make mental contact with the animals now. No. I literally had a

person tell me one time that, that she like psychically communicated with the rac-

coons living in her house and told them to and that’s how she got rid of her own rac-

coon

Joe: Wow. That’s yeah. So what happened with the sad goose?

Nick: can you tell us what it sounded like?

Josh: I always imagined it sounded like, oh. Just like a really sounding goose.

Once we told her we were a private company and if we came out to do anything for

her, we would have to charge her money for that. [00:53:00] She changed her mind

pretty

quickly.

Joe: okay. There it is. You put money in it. Yeah. The good old capitalism there.

The yep.

Go.

Josh: people care a lot less about the animals around them once you tell them

that, no, your city doesn’t pay for this. We’re a private company, you have to pay for it.

Oh, okay. I guess they’ll be fine.

Joe: Yeah. They’ll ha they’ll spruce up on their own, but

Josh: Yeah.

Nick: the spruce, goose.

46Joe: yeah. Yeah. All right. On that note, I think we should go ahead and wrap up. I

know everyone’s all sad out there. A bunch of sad goose. We gotta go. We’ll be back.

We’ll be back again, I promise.

But

Josh: for having me on, guys.

Joe: thanks

Thank you for coming

on and sharing your knowledge about animal swarms and sad goose.

Nick: Someday we’ll have to go get some shwarma.

Joe: We’ll have to get swarm. That’s right. You know,

Josh: Celebrate the animal swarms

with swar

Joe: And on that note, you’ve got me, Joe.

You got Nick. You got

got Nick. You’ve

Nick: And that was

Joe: And that

Nick: [00:54:00] We went down

some animal hole. So

Joe: Some animal holes, don’t we? We didn’t talk about rabbit swarms. We’re

here. We got a rabbit hole of research

Nick: that just seems like part war.

Josh: don’t rabbits don’t swarm as far as I know. But they can get really overpopu-

lated

so their population’s kind of boom and bust.

Joe: or

47there

Josh: But I don’t know if rabbits really having a lot of swarming behavior, it would

be a very adorable swarm.

Joe: If it would be, I ain’t could see that. Yeah. Except when the hawks come and

the owls and the eagles and then it becomes something

Josh: becomes a very grizzly swarm.

Joe: I write on that note. Y’all stay safe out there. Love you.

Nick: Bye-bye.

Transcript EP 42:Broken Futures with Ben Tanzer

SubstackAppleSpotifyYouTubeAmazon


Joe: [00:00:00] Hey,

welcome back to the Rabbit Hole of

nick: Research.

Joe: We’re down here in the basement studio. You have me, Joe,

nick: you got Nick again.

Georgia: Georgia,

Joe: we’ve got Georgia, and we have a special guest. Take it away,

Ben

_

Tanzer: Hey,

it’s

Ben.

Good to be back

or good to be here.

You’ll tell me in the middle of our time. Travel travails. Anyway, Ben Tanzer here

from Chicago

Author, fellow

podcaster,

college professor, Low key consultant. Dude, honored

to be a guest tonight and talk about one of my own books

’cause what could be more

self-serving than that? So thank you all

for having

6me and

I am gonna repeat this in case we lost it

before, but

I am

so jealous of that basement vibe.

and we

don’t have a

vibe, so I’m excited about

that. Appreciate it.

nick: So when was the last time he read your own book? Do you read your own

book?

Ben

_

Tanzer: I will read them after they come out,

but I’m really, not someone, it’s funny, if I was an actor, I would absolutely watch

my own movies.

For sure.

My

ego

[00:01:00] is both fragile and strong enough.

at the same breath.

But

no, I don’t necessarily go back and read my own books. So one of

the tensions

is there’s

so many books to

read.

I feel like you’re

7gonna waste time on your own book.

dude. No,

I,

haven’t,

I don’t read them often.

and I definitely haven’t read this one in a while.

so it’s fun to revisit it.

with the Three of you.

nick: Oh yeah. Yeah.

Joe: We’re

Joking a little bit ’cause we’ve had a few technical difficulties getting this episode

started all, all on

nick: the production

man, that still, I still whatever role I played in it. Lemme tell

Joe: No,

no

need to apologize. It’s

Georgia: a,

No. It’s all Joe’s fault. it’s a

nick: field.

I was blaming the imaginary sound deck.

You

Georgia: yes, fire

nick: Our production

Georgia: production manager

now.

8Joe: If anyone knows a good production manager, let us know.

Georgia: That

nick: so Joe, do you have any lists that you want to go

over?

Georgia: Yeah,

Joe: do have,

Georgia: Why don’t you introduce us to what

is this? episode? Yeah, so we be

Joe: talking about

broken futures, trauma and the human condition. And this is framed as Ben had

[00:02:00] mentioned around his novel orphans.

And so I just wanted to lay. The groundwork for kind of these words, broken fu-

tures, trauma, human condition, just so we’re all grounded, and then we can get into

our discussion again.

Future,

I put together this kind of definition as a future where progress technology, sci-

ence, economics, paradoxically degrades human dignity, e exacerbates trauma and

disintegrates social structure rather than uplifting humanity.

So I mentioned trauma. Traumas is emotional, physiological, psychological re-

sponse to an event or series of events that overwhelms an individual’s ability to cope,

leaving lasting effects on mental, emotional, and sometimes physical health and trau-

mas when something happens to you. And a part of you stays stuck there. And the hu-

man condition refers to the essential experiences, struggles, emotions, and existential

realities [00:03:00] that define human life, including birth growth, conflict, love, work,

suffering, and mortality. It’s not just our biology or culture, is a total experience of be-

9ing human across time and place. The human condition is the beautiful, terrifying, and

endless attempt to find meaning between birth and death.

Georgia: Hold on. This could be a long episode

Joe: Yes.

Georgia: Yes.

Joe: And we’re recording

now. But

yeah, I’m

gonna pause here ’cause I do have a list, but I wanna

Georgia: Oh, you have also have

a

Joe: I have a list too.

Georgia: Oh. Oh, wow. I think

Joe: prepared.

Georgia: Oh my gosh.

Joe: once

nick: Georgia,

Georgia: button,

nick: I have the

Georgia: analyst, but I think maybe we should,

Hear a little backstory

About Yeah.

You talk

Joe: orphans and how I came to this episode and getting Ben to talk about an old

book, like he knows

Georgia: not very old

10Ben

_

Tanzer: No, not so old. Anyway, yeah. There’s like,

backstory and then

nick: yeah,

Ben

Tanzer: I feel like

_

a young man. though. I don’t know what that says about,

the young men I’m raising. They’re really young men,[00:04:00]

but.

there

is Backstory and then a little extra backstory. The Backstory to the backstory

and I don’t know what you call that, backstory squared is something I was talking

briefly to

you guys about.

I

was,

I had to go on a work trip.

It was a big opportunity. but It was also something that was very important to my

boss. And at the time, one of my kids was going through a

hard time and really it was a terrible time to go away. Not that, I

didn’t think my wife could handle it.

Not that she can’t, couldn’t handle it, the idea of

leaving her to handle this by herself

and she’s go man. You’re cool.

Okay,

so I’m flying cross country

and I have a layover

out West and I call home

11just to check in and things were not going

well, and I felt sick.

Honestly felt physically sick.

It’s funny, Joe, you talk about

trauma and being stuck

on something that was traumatizing.

that phone

call and

I’m gonna use all your

key words here,

know, my wife was like, just, yeah,

Right on. And my

wife

was just like, Just go

And so there was this moment where I

thought,

should I have told my boss this isn’t something I can go do?

But [00:05:00] I also

realized I didn’t feel

like

I could do that, but that was

balanced out

by what I recognized was my own ego and my own need to go do this thing I was

asked

to do which was a big deal.

and I

12realized it

wasn’t one or the

other. It was a

both and I was embarrassed

by that. I was embarrassed

that I couldn’t talk to my boss.

and I was embarrassed that I still

wanted this. So I was thinking a lot about that and I was thinking this

would

make for an

interesting sort of

book, right? What does it mean

to need to

work, to want to work,

to have work

dictate decisions for you?

And I’ve always been

very work

oriented

and focused

and striving. So I was

carrying that idea around in my head, what does it mean to be someone who

goes away to

travel, to leave your family, to prioritize work? And then I was

out running

one night

13And I was

running along the lake and

I looked up and I don’t know what planet or star I saw because this is where I’m

very

derelict in

my larger

[00:06:00] education,

But I looked up in the sky and I thought,

wouldn’t

it be interesting if this guy who’s got this job?

that involves travel?

What

if

he had to travel to

Mars? Like what if it was really

A.

thing, not just fly to California

like I did back

and forth in

72 hours. What if it was a whole journey? And then I started thinking, wow, what if

this was like

death of a

salesman meets the Martian Chronicles. What

if you could somehow take these ideas,

It’s about work, but it’s also

about building a new universe or a new world. Could someone be,

14Speaking about the

human condition,

could someone be

caught somewhere in the middle of those things? And by the time I got home, I

could really visualize a book that I had

just been slowly

noodling on for several weeks.

Right? A guy.

who puts work before his family, but he doesn’t just go away for say, 72 hours.

Right? It’s gonna take

months

to go back.

and forth to Mars,

Even if I’m of

Joe: about nine months to get there, right?

That’s

Ben

_

Tanzer: right. Thank you. So even if [00:07:00] I’m messing

with what reality is like it’s nine months.

that seems crazy.

Stay I shortened it ’cause it’s the

future. it still has

to be

six months.

or three months, whatever it

has to be,

it’s not

15a short thing. And then I thought,

wow, there’s a whole

book here. What would that look like? And why are we going to Mars? And it’s

funny,

I don’t consider myself any more prescient than anyone else, but

authors sometimes

have those moments. And One of my ideas, which is funny

Now

and

I think it’ll seem more clear

why it’s funny

is I thought,

oh, this is rich.

People deciding to colonize,

Mars

’cause They’re done

with the Earth, right? That seemed very real to me. Now, of course, rich people,

Elon Musk,

in particular talk about that all the time. so I’m sure I heard that Somewhere,

I doubt it was an original idea, but it wasn’t like a normal part of the of conversa-

tion, and I thought this would be really

interesting.

This guy who’s never going to be rich, who’s barely keeping it together, is helping

sell this property on a planet that’s not developed yet, for rich people

so they can

abandon [00:08:00] people

16like him and his family.

Then I thought that’s a fun conflict to mess with, right?

So now you’ve got the conflict of

how do we live on

this

earth?

That gets into the dystopia.

Joe

was referring

to how, why do we have to

Cater

to the rich and how do we support

our families? Like this guy does need to support his family.

Could he do it back on earth? not clear. And then I just started playing that out. So

whatever point you all are in the book, that’s the sort of

that’s the

path I wanted to follow. The torture the human condition

of,

I need to do this, but do I really need to do this? ’cause that was my feeling.

Did I really need

to go do

what I did? So this guy’s a lot more extreme. He is going to Mars, but he is also,

the situation’s a lot more dire

for him in

terms of

cash

17flow

and he owes people money

and so there’s another dynamic. There’s a sense of violence.

and dread Over his shoulder all the time as well.

nick: he’s doing, what he, yeah, he just needs to do what he needs to do to sup-

port his way of living. And

Ben

_

Tanzer: love about that,

Nick, sorry. not [00:09:00] to cut you

off, but what I love about That

is that’s absolutely true.

And it still raises the question.

Is he

absolutely. doing? Is this The only thing

he could do, like

I frame it

like,

that’s how it feels

for him, and I

think that’s important,

but

Right. He’s doing what he has to do, but he is also choosing the most extreme way

to do,

it.

But we don’t

Georgia: I’m

sure he thinks

18Going to Mars. That’s pretty, cool. yeah

Joe: and

nick: when I was reading it I was picturing like, yeah, there could be other options,

but for him, this is the option. Like this is gonna help get as much of his debt paid so

he can keep surviving.

I don’t know if that was where you were going with it and

clearly now I can

Ben

_

Tanzer: No, I really wanted it to feel, yeah,

I wanted it

to

feel desperate

also,

It’s interesting to me

as a writer

as a thinker, as a fellow podcast or like desperation takes on so many shapes and

forms and

there’s so many layers, right? Like I had,

a gig

again, that’s what [00:10:00] prompted this.

I

was desperate for

it to go well,

but my family’s livelihood didn’t depend on it.

on the other hand,

I didn’t wanna deal with my, boss, so

I felt slightly desperate, but I also

19felt desperate with the feeling of, man, are you deserting your family and I

really didn’t want that feeling, but that’s also my own guilt and

shame.

And again, my family was fine. That’s the other

thing. Right?

My family was fine. I just thought

nick: Everyone survived.

Ben

_

Tanzer: Everyone

survived.

Not only did

Everyone survive, But they’re still all in the same apartment. I left them in all

those years everybody lives

at home again, so I know it

worked out

Joe: and I wanted to frame it a little bit and, if your story kind of takes a bent, but

the little sci-fi kind of thing, especially as we barrel towards ai,

robot automation and then maybe future thinking and getting the realm of hand

avium, cloning and replacements.

And that was where, I had the list of things to talk, in this world. Because not only

[00:11:00] maybe, in this future world, you have to do what’s best for your family, and

maybe that’s off world. But, like when, during World War ii, when the men went to the

front lines, people had to backfill in and take jobs.

So what if the backfill

or

The

20reason you can’t get a good paying job here on earth is because machines have

taken those and, or clones, can replace, you also,

Ben

_

Tanzer: Yeah, that’s that, Oh, sorry.

go ahead.

Joe: go ahead. No. Go forward it. That’s

Ben

_

Tanzer: I was definitely playing with that as well.

right? They have, even though they’re,

borderline,

I don’t think

they’re poverty stricken. they’re working

class

Their apartments

still automated. There’s still a Robot

vibe that takes

care of things and

there are robots

all

over town, because again,

you get to cut down on the workforce. The other thing I was really Interested

in around class issues,

and work.

was that there, it’s

not just, there’s no middle class,

there’s almost no

jobs that exist in the middle.

Right.

21You’re either [00:12:00] rich

and

running

Joe: you just poor.

Ben

_

Tanzer: Or you’re poor.

And I thought

that is where the country this felt

like,

this 10 years ago

to me, that’s where the country’s

heading. Last night

I got

home really late from

class and

I almost

got run down by some mechanized

delivery. thing. I don’t even know what you call those. It was zipping down the

sidewalk,

Georgia: Did it

Ben

Tanzer: 25 miles an hour.

_

Georgia: Oh, did it look? Were you walking? And then it went by you?

Joe: looked like a little rover,

Georgia: Yeah.

nick: it

Georgia: it look like a ice box or a cooler

Joe: on wheels.

22Georgia: Yeah. Like a robot Cooler.

Joe: Yeah. So our

Ben

_

Tanzer: that means Somewhere in my neighborhood.

some Delivery person did not get that gig. So it struck me that this is an interest-

ing

disparity

to explore and

then I don’t know if

you were alluding to this, Joe,

but the other thing that adds a level of tension for me in

the book

is that the guy.

When they send you away, they

Clone you

temporarily.

So not only

are,

you know

your family

not

missing and

this plays into my sitting in this airport, [00:13:00]

they not only don’t

miss you on a personal level, anything you would’ve.

done,

to

23support the family.

You’re

Someone,

some version of you is doing

Joe: And that was a was that Twilight Zone episode?

Georgia: No Remember we was that Black

mirror,

Joe: was that a Black Mirror

Georgia: Yeah,

Like more Recently there was the one where did you see the episode? Where

they’re in space together, but then it was a, was it a robot?

Yeah. They had It was a robotic. Version of themselves still at home,

I home

Joe: doing all the home stuff. And then they could download themselves

Georgia: into

the robot.

Joe: then

nick: like that

just makes it all more expensive. No.

Joe: I

guess it

nick: on the

Georgia: instead, right?

Joe: Or what, like

Georgia: that was a really good Black Mirror episode. that was,

24They’re They have that future technology bent to ’em and but you have that that

feeling there because you get into some interesting questions that in this. Zone. What

does it, if we think about that human condition, what’s it mean to love right now?

Joe: If you go off and you now have a clone, take your [00:14:00] spot or in this

black mirror where that happened. Also do you become,

Georgia: well

Joe: do you, can you fall in

love

with the clone and does the clone have

Georgia: Well, Okay.

I need to make some sort of distinction.

Now, a

clone. Is an actual human being that just has the exact same genetic

makeup.

Joe: True. Yes.

Georgia: how

I’m not, I guess I’m

trying to picture

how that works, because,

Joe: so

I don’t

know

How Ben or let’s not pick on Ben, but the, on the

nick: story,

Ben, let’s pick

on

25you

Ben

Tanzer: Oh no. Pick on

_

Ben.

Ben’s totally

Joe: yeah,

nick: I guess you’re here

yeah.

Joe: But

how was the cloning performed?

Because there George’s so a clone in particular is just a genetic copy of the origi-

nal. The problem with cloning in a way, it’s usually portrayed, and we did the cloning

episode last season. Is that the base memories of the original. Aren’t also necessarily

uploaded. So you have nature versus nurture kind of thing.

So the clone And how do you get an

Georgia: And also the clone has to

[00:15:00] then go from they’re a baby and they have to, go to be an adult.

So obviously In this situation, that’s not

plausible probably. Right.

to wait till that

Joe: waving. So

Georgia: the clone actually is like a copy that just happens at the time.

They

need it.

nick: I’m so lost on this

Ben

_

Tanzer: They, they, yeah. So my, my, I,

Joe: all the science and

26Georgia: full detail.

Ben

_

Tanzer: I did I did I mention to you guys that I was an English major and then

I went to social work school or grad school. So yeah, my science skills

Are slim,

but the way I, envisioned it was certainly

that they

bring you into the lab and

they’re creating a version of

you that’s good.

for six months or more.

And actually to your point, I’m glad you

brought this up ’cause I remember being conscious about it whether I pulled it off,

I’m gonna leave to the experts in the

room, but it’s a, g they’re using your DNA to create a copy, that’s a Genetic similar

similarity, that’s not the word I want.

But

to g [00:16:00] genetically similar and not, e not able necessarily to tell apart

though I

think

part

of the vibe is that

It’s a clone because there’s something missing, in terms of the sort of Energy or

heat or

whatever your significant other, whatever vibe they give off,

you can tell the

difference. But in

27my case, I thought it was important

that they also downloaded your memories so that the clone.

Is it necessarily looking to literally, but this is an interesting question.

Replace the person, but they can

be available

to offer solace and Conversation and nostalgia.

The question about

love is fascinating

’cause what I thought would be interesting is less that the significant

other might fall in love with the clone, but that at

a certain point, things

just start to blur that

it was less

about, falling in

love and Forgetting. that there’s a difference that I thought seemed Possible. To

me, If

you felt abandoned if you

were isolated.

And then this identical version is just

Why. think about them. We, you, we were thinking about the spouse or the part-

ner, [00:17:00] but if you have children that are younger they may not know the origi-

nal at all and become totally, in love with this replacement parent

nick: And then when you come back, like you don’t have those memories with

your child, right? You’re

like, oh, I’m sorry.

Joe: the memories back

28nick: uploaded? Do they go all right from,

Joe: January,

20, 28 when you left for Mars, you’re clone. Now we’re gonna give you all the

memories that they had and when you

came

Georgia: we don’t wanna ask every specific question about the book ’cause we

gotta read

Joe: I don’t know. Maybe this isn’t in the book. I don’t Well, but I,

he

nick: can say no spoilers

Joe: and let’s move along. Like I answered this in the

book.

Ben

_

Tanzer: spoil spoilers is good, but I

honestly, I

say this

with affection.

you all are going as far as I thought about

it but there’s definitely steps beyond.

It’s interesting, like with the children,

one

thing I

thought about, which I

just, I love

that you,

brought up children is that

one of the strengths

29of the clone, and clearly I was

projecting here

is

that the clone actually can be calmer and more patient. than [00:18:00] Maybe we

can be as a parent. That

one of the things

you’re building in

is the.

importance Of a clone bringing

sort of peace and equanimity to the house. Because again, you’ve already had this

person.

stripped away. So the

goal

And the goal of

the corporation who, the,

protagonist goes to work for, they need to keep people happy. And they need to

keep the people

at home happy. So,

part of my sense was, and again,

my own projection, right?

I was a parent of small kids

and I was terrible parent that

these people would

also have

more patience,

which is

30also nice for a significant

other. They can

be calmer. So I had this idea they would be better versions of us.

Georgia: And

then also.

Okay, so the person’s away

at Mars doing their job

and this clone

is at home. They don’t need to go to work

because, that’s right.

Because the That’s right. Other per, so then are they just at home all the time? Like

being

like almost like

a stay at home dad or whatever or mom or, however, this I’m just saying dad, be-

cause we were talking about it being a man, But but then that makes a [00:19:00]

huge difference if all of a sudden your only thing

is

to replace that person and be at home all the time.

And not

nick: they actually just hide

out in the closet.

I’m just curious

Georgia: oh, and then I don’t

expect you to an yeah.

Ben

_

Tanzer: Whatever the in-between place

is. Not quite hiding out, but yeah, no, not going to work either cleaning the

31house, chilling out,

nick: You go hang out at the

cafe.

Ben

_

Tanzer: Development.

Georgia: was gonna and I still have one more question about the clone. I’m sorry,

This

is just like, fascinating to me.

Joe: Let’s, figure it

Georgia: Is the clone a human being? It’s the clone

like

then after

the,

nick: different right

Georgia: after these six months, Do they

just like

disintegrate or, That’s what I’m saying. What’s their

Joe: agency

Georgia: and is it a human, right?

nick: The old yeller him and just take ’em out back.

Joe: Have,

nick: you

Georgia: can they be killed? If you clone

a

Joe: sheep,

right? It’s still a sheep.

Or if you have a pet and you go to

32clone it and it’s a dog, it’s still, we consider

a

Georgia: still a dog.

So

Joe: take a human. And you clone it. This becomes the ethics, and this is bioethics

1 0 1 here, [00:20:00] is that if you clone a human, then that human should have the

agency and the rights of its fellow people, right?

Georgia: Gosh. that’s

Joe: What

you would do. So yes, it

is a human,

and then you would have to make the parameters.

So if you had a disposable human, then that would be everyone agreed upon that.

In an in ben scenario, if you had a rich class. And a poor, and they just want the poor

people to go do their bidding. Then they might either a, give the clone some rights

that they can then go off and be a poor person and join a poor people group.

Or they just go, you know what, this clone, it’ll die. And it’s, it

has

Georgia: it’s like a self.

That totally is

ringing these bells which

Joe: Ding. You can ring my bell. Can’t,

Georgia: I

can’t bring it. Actually, into my

nick: for that. Don’t,

Georgia: But there’s a story I

33watched, we

watched where they

made a clone because the person was gonna have like terminal illness and die.

and then they made like a clone. But then that person ended up [00:21:00] living

But then everybody liked the clone. The clone better, Yeah yeah.

nick: That has to be harsh. Like

I don’t, have to be, I don’t,

Joe: that’s in Ben’s kind of scenario, the clone is actually much more likable.

Maybe if you’re

A-hole and you go off

and the clones like

lovable and,

a joy to be around, you

might go, you know

what?

You can stay on Mars and keep sending a paycheck because we got the sugar

daddy in the closet over here, and.

Georgia: We’re just

Ben

_

Tanzer: So now I’m gonna be very interested when one of you reaches the

end of the book and

you can tell me.

what you think Because this does play

into the ending of the book

for sure.

It also raises this question, you guys are all both saying

34it and dancing around it not dancing around it like in a cryptic way, but not know-

ing the

answer. And so I

don’t know the answer

either, but one of the things I was so intrigued by is

how

ultimately

replaceable is

everyone. And again, when you Filter it through the lens

of work.

And

I spend a ton of time thinking about work,

[00:22:00] Anyway,

In

a way

if you’re not the

boss, you’re not the

owner,

then everybody’s expendable.

And

One of the things, I’ll do my own callback, which is very self-serving.

This particular boss I

had, who I really liked. I wanna add that, if that may be unnecessary. He is not

gonna listen to this probably, but other people will,

He won’t, He won’t

for sure. I’m sure he is. Never heard a podcast, we’re

35all

expendable and there is a part Where you want to turn

down a job. And again,

this was a pretty

big job

I had at the time.

I worked in

the nonprofit universe. Let’s not confuse it with working at like CocaCola, or some-

thing.

There

was always this sense, of I could be replaced anytime. It doesn’t

matter that I, have a certain knowledge base now, or

institutional memory or there are people around the.

country who consider me

To be the expert in this area

or that area.

If the boss decides, you’re

done. And so I also

wanted to play with that

sense that

we’re all expendable. So

in this story, certainly the replacements for the people traveling

are considered expendable

until, Meaning[00:23:00]

we don’t know how long they’re going to go necessarily.

but

36the idea is when the person comes home.

The

clone

is done. and they will move the clone

Into some other,

job.

Joe: say

also if the person that goes to the Mars,

it

nick: cheaper for the company to just not send them back and,

Have it crash

Joe: Or Right. You don’t

have to

even deal with it. You go, oh, they died on Mars and, sorry. And they can just keep

working on Mars.

And I think this gets into, as we’re talking, thinking about you, you start to blurt a

line of, into slavery, right? You start you go from poor with agency to

no

agency and almost like the clones and the person sent to Mars,

I guess they’re getting a paycheck at some level, but you begin to, if you don’t

have rights to

nick: Even the company could own that spot that so it they’re not paying anyone.

They’re right. That’s right. Paying themselves. All right, cool.

Joe: It’s

Like when you go, oh,

you, you

37get $10, but you gotta [00:24:00] pay. Nine

50 to rent the apartment you live

nick: in the company, man.

So Really?

And then it’s

Joe: cents to get your feet eh, and then it’s, another

20 cents for clothes.

So you’re actually owe me,

Another hour of work.

So I think you do get

into these really

interesting a class,

nick: based outta history that you know, has already human

Joe: history. That humans aren’t

good stewards of labor and money and economics.

Georgia: or pretty much anything. But anyway

nick: let’s go with your trauma, Georgia. What trauma do you have with this one?

Georgia: But I wanna ask how are most of the

stories that you write

science fiction or

was

this something different for

you?

Do you know what I

Ben

_

Tanzer: That’s a great question. no, this is definitely

something.

38different.

I

had a moment this, when I was on this run. I wasn’t planning on writing something

science fiction, but

when I looked up and saw, and I was a voracious science fiction reader all

Georgia: All

Ben

Tanzer: All

_

through childhood, high

school, college, maybe I’ve slowed down

in adulthood.

But it was a genre I was [00:25:00] completely wrapped up in.

But this is also the first thing that I thought, let’s

try to double down and make this

science fiction.

Like

what? And

Again and again, we have authors here, I’m not the only one. You

start thinking about your own

work.

I know I was at

the time and I thought, okay, how do I do a thing?

I believe

I do well but bring some new

wrinkle to

it, Right, Or wrap it.

in a new layer. And

39maybe,

and again, some of this was excitement and some of this is the desire

to create cool stuff, which I’m always trying to do.

Things

people enjoy and react to.

And we can have conversations like this.

To me, this is very, a very

peak reason. I would try to write that kind of

book.

’cause then I,

get to talk to the three of you and I don’t have all those answers. Right. I

thought about them and took copious notes whatever.

But no. So that was

the first time I tried that.

I felt like in that case,

And I

don’t usually

traffic very much an

inspiration.

I think about the

writing, like

work, like

today we sit down, we get back to work,

We’re on this thing. But that time it [00:26:00] really,

hit me

like,

40let’s make

this feel

not feel science fiction. Let’s

remove ourselves from

this planet. and start building something else. And

so it became science fiction. And I’m thrilled because again, I

nick: and it feels so human too. Like it

Ben

_

Tanzer: good. like it is

to hear that. like a, as I said, it was the entire time I’ve been reading, I’m like, oh,

this story doesn’t have to take place here.

nick: It could take place anywhere.

Joe: Yeah.

Georgia: So the univers, The universal human. Yeah,

nick: exactly. It’s a human story that’s made sci-fi.

Georgia: And I think a lot of times people think, oh, I’m not into sci-fi ’cause

it’s This or that. And I think, no, I think it can be a very approachable Yeah.

Like relatable thing.

It’s

nick: covering something that

Is

very social forward, being like, okay, we’re gonna make this easily digestible. Not

saying that it’s, but it’s

Ben_Tanzer: dude. I

think actually to create [00:27:00] something interesting that’s digestible would

be awesome to me. I think,

that’s

41Joe: yep. just didn’t know if I was gonna be like, oh, man, I’m just insulting you.

Georgia: too. I

Joe: when a lot

of people say, because I I write in a speculative sci-fi genre mostly.

But I think when people go, I don’t like sci-fi, I think they’re thinking of hard sci-fi

and that gets bogged down. It’s like fantasy. There are fantasy novels. I get bogged

down into explaining. And I don’t wanna get in any trouble, different classes fairies

and trolls and,

And

there’s pages and pages of that, and the story kind of seems to slow down.

There’s people that really enjoy that.

nick: with all the lore

Georgia: Science, but

Joe: fiction that moves, it’s character driven, plot driven in a science that sprinkled

in there either

in a very loose way, very handwaving way, where it’s just a lab, DNA

clone, boom, I’m done. Or, myself, I

try to go a little bit more into it, but very, like the, conversational, very, bring it

down and fit it in, weave it into that.

The dialogue and through the narrative to have the world building happen. And I

[00:28:00] think that’s, I think someone who had

nick: big ideas

Joe: and it was interesting, Ben, you said you were a reader of sci-fi back in the

day and talking, I just thought about Isaac Mov and his robot series,

which really, that was the

crux of it.

42These big ideas

and the science was in there, but the big idea was that, it besides the detective, da

and their adventures and,

But it was more the society was

This kind of place where we had the classes and machines had taken over a lot of

jobs. And so people were very anti, had this luddite kind

of

attitude towards the robots that were replacing them.

And

then the robots

seemed to gain sentience, right? At some level. And it was like, how do we control

this thing? And that’s gonna replace us potentially.

And our homes and our lives. And so

that, that was ve interesting there, this kind of

the classic

example of this kind of dynamic that you are exploring.

So I tethered back

fast [00:29:00] forward a little bit, maybe early eighties Blade Runner, the dispos-

able kind of worker

disposable, when I was thinking, what

if your story reversed that you got cloned and then your clone

went off with no agency, so you got paid maybe some

sum. Oh, Ben, he’s really good at X, Y, and Z.

Georgia: Hey

Joe: can we clone you for,

A hundred k and then we’re

43sic,

gonna send your

clone off

and then your clone now has this eight no one’s written this story, I’m gonna

write it.

Ben

_

Tanzer: say, yo, this story needs

to be

Joe: you know what? Nevermind,

Ben

_

Tanzer: you are really, you are these whole series of

Comments, speak to what

I

tend to circle back to.

whether it’s conscious or not. You mentioned the human condition. The most ba-

thing

in

anything I write,

is trying to understand.

how

we, any of us

Exist day to day,

how we cope.

That somehow to me, the quotidian stuff, going to buy groceries or fighting

with your

Or, taking your

significant other to the doctor.

that Those are equally important.

44They’re important. If you can figure out how to talk,

about them, that how we work

[00:30:00] and how we’re denied

work and how we deny

ourselves things.

and that this

all plays out. And

then in this story, I just thought, there’s this sci-fi

element, right.

I’m gonna still try to do

what if Hopefully,

well, but

Can

you tell it through this different

lens? So that was really conscious and

It’s only recently that I had

another idea that is in that lens, and so I’ve

been pursuing that.

And it’s interesting early

on

And I’d never had this

reaction, before. I thought,

oh, I’ve got a sequel for

this book. And it looked like it was

going to go forward

And then

45that fell

apart for a variety

of

reasons. so I shelved it and then over the pandemic, I pulled it off the shelf.

Though Obviously

it’s a metaphorical shelf it was sitting in a file

Joe: Yeah we get

Ben

_

Tanzer: But I started thinking, okay,

That sequel thing is not going to happen, but there’s some interesting ideas. here.

So it’s only After 10 years, that I’m, working in that potentially

We’ll have to see if somebody wants the book, like in that

genre again.

But I always do come back to work and coping and,

thinking. and Yeah. sorry.

Georgia: Oh, I was gonna ask,

so as far

as bringing in the [00:31:00] science of the science fiction, how did you approach

that, since that’s not something that you typically write in, is that, did you have to do a

lot of research or?

Ben

Tanzer: So

_

that’s an

awesome question. ’cause I probably should have done More research

what I did, and in essence,

cheated a

little bit.

nick: your

46Joe: now, like at the rabbit hole of research and we

Ben

_

Tanzer: So it’s funny. Yes, I’ll be, trust me, I’ll be leveraging this relationship

next. You all are stuck with me indefinitely,

Georgia: And I think by that, Joe means himself. Okay.

Ben

Tanzer: then

_

Georgia: I

nick: don’t think they

Georgia: and I can, help you. can we?

nick: I got my take advantage of Yeah.

Ben

_

Tanzer: big brain

going

nick: part.

Georgia: We can

help you in the human condition. part. The human

nick: trauma. I got you.

Joe: Nick’s got you with coffee. It’ll keep you coffee

enough.

Ben

_

Tanzer: All right,

Joe, You,

are now officially a consultant. But what I

did Do

you know, and again, I’m always doing low key research, if I

have an

idea

especially

like

47with a scifi book or you’re thinking forward,

I’ll

look something like, I’ll have the idea first, then I’ll look it up.

[00:32:00] and see how

reasonable Has

anyone ever talked about that?

If

I had to back it up.

Could I do it’s like

You said

It’s gonna take nine months to get to Mars. So

I looked that

up at the time. I don’t remember what I looked up, but I

thought, okay, but what I

really

did which is such a cheat, is that when

I was,

excited about an early draft,

I sent it

to a friend.

of mine who’s a science

fiction And I

was like, just tell me where I’ve got it wrong.

And

that was a,

really,

48interesting He was also

at the

time

working

for a scifi, publisher. And so I was semi pitching. him, semi

picking his brain. but I really wanted

him to react.

to things and it’s funny. ‘

cause

He did react.

to whatever I had written down for how quickly you could get to Mars and he’s

just f no, whatever I said at the time. And then he gave me a number, like nine

months and I thought,

okay.

is this future enough where I can cheat and make it, three to six

months? So I was playing with all that, but

I

really had him

run.

me through The

ringer.

do you think is,

As a published guy, human, what,

Where am I

so far [00:33:00] off?

base,

49Because I was really interested in that.

Joe: Yeah. It’s really interesting when you George,

Georgia: oh, no, I’m sorry.

Joe: and I was gonna say, it is interesting when you get into.

sci-fi

and you start going down I think it’s anything if you get too far away, you’ll pull

people out of the story and they’ll go, hold on.

That doesn’t make sense. I even,

nick: like, how much of the world building do you have to add in?

Joe: I also

think like any expert topic, if I wrote in my story about coffee roasting and I was off,

I didn’t consult Nick over here and he reads the book, he would get pulled out if I

make some reference about that or something in the story.

And I think that’s always, writers have to be careful not just science, but in any top-

ic. If I’m talking about a nonprofit organization and this is what we’re gonna do. I

should talk to Ben or Georgia here who have dealt with nonprofits or organizations to

make sure that I’m not just saying something.

Totally. Because if you read it, you’ll just pull you, you’ll get pulled outta that story

and go, hold on, that’s not,

lemme look that up on Google. And [00:34:00] then,

if it’s wrong, you go forget this story. If

that’s

Georgia: And I think

nick: it’s interesting.

Georgia: yeah, people

nick: out

50Joe: listening

who write,

Talk to,

Georgia: I, that’s actually

exactly what I was gonna ask you, Joe, like, how important is it to get the science

right?

nick: See, but I don’t know, like I, if, all right, so using that is an example of you

have a coffee roaster stuff and you didn’t consult, right?

But I feel like that’s such a small percentage of people,

Georgia: right?

They’re

Joe: you, you’ll be surprised how many folks

would go back and go, I think that’s wrong. I think

it’s gonna be small.

Like

nick: a lot of that stuff is it isn’t science. Like I have all my notes and stuff, but

there’s so much human error and each person is gonna be doing it differently That.

You can make an argument for damn near anything to be able to write it down.

Joe: Yeah.

nick: Yeah. Just saying like on an argument basis, you can be like, alright, I can, I

think this is exactly how [00:35:00] I do it. I have it at a low temp and I drop it all the

way up. Or bring it all the way up, not drop

Joe: Yeah. See,

You’re already but I

nick: think

Joe: but also

51just saying that you have to have a little domain knowledge about it. Because

if you

don’t, then it,

Georgia: I guess it depends, I think it depends on how central it is to the story. If

it’s, you know what I’m saying? It’s, but

Joe: yeah, in, in terms of

like science stuff pet peeve of some shows, they get in the lab and they get like

DNA results in 10 minutes or whatever, and they solve the whole case that I go, that’s,

no, you’ve never worked in a lab.

Obviously you, you didn’t consult someone who works in a lab. It, I understand TV

time and all that,

but

it also just gives this air of did they actually consult somebody? Did they just make

this up? And I think that can pull you out of a story. That’s the only thing. Be cautious

of that will it pull you out?

Because if you’re writing a sci-fi story, the people reading it are probably into sci-fi

and they’ve

read,

As Ben said you [00:36:00] read

a

nick: on the sci-fi. So

Joe: you know, either a, you did it

wrong,

nick: or the other

Joe: authors who wrote about this did it wrong. Because under

nick: these are

52Ben

_

Tanzer: Right, right. Yeah. And and I’m like,

you

You’ve referenced Twilight Zone,

Georgia: Yay.

Ben_Tanzer: Asimov, Black Mirror. Those are all

So On some level

you’ve got, it’s like prep work, Yeah, I

think it’s prep, but You’re also

drawing on something, which

is funny.

And I’m funny. It’s just interesting, like it’s a craft tip and you all touched on it. and I

get to talk to a lot

of

authors. I’m sure you do too, and

I

also get to coach people and One thing I always say is

if you think the person’s

going to get

stuck or I’m telling you, I

feel Stuck here and distracted. If you can’t fix

it, you gotta get rid of it. And so

with science,

fiction or that this kind of, Anything,

sci-fi, the

risk is higher, but to me it applies

to

53almost anything. If there’s something that someone’s

going

to get

stuck on because

they don’t believe or agree with how you explained it. Like that TV show,

that’s something that has to be fixed and it

seems like a minor comment,

when people are trying to get novels [00:37:00] published and get

things written, but it’s not minor.

To lose people over something

small. Like when Someone

says to me, I really, I’m really sorry I read the draft, and that

paragraph

on page

12, I can’t get

through it I really enjoy The book so far. Then I need to go fix that

paragraph. It may only be one person,

but.

Off,

I don’t have that many,

readers, so

I

can’t risk losing even one. If

that person is a sample size of anything. Then, you

know, I’ve done, I’ve made a mistake,

and I’ve worked

54with authors. It’s like the flip

side of this, but it’s still interesting.

They say something they don’t realize is provocative in some way, and then I’ll

say

to them

as a coach or as a consultant

do you

wanna keep that in?

And they’ll say, why?

And I’ll say, do you understand how that reads?

they’ll say no. And I’ll say, so it’s an important point, but you either need to go

deeper, or get rid of it. ’cause leaving it like

all someone’s gonna be,

thinking are gonna,

20 pages.

Georgia: they’re gonna call you out on it. Like John, Liko recently saying, oh, I

didn’t know it’d be any big deal that I’m gonna

Ben

_

Tanzer: [00:38:00] my God, I was, I literally texted back to my son.

This is very upsetting.

He sent me the clip. I just thought, come on man.

nick: Oh, isn’t he gonna

be in Harry

Georgia: Be he’s gonna be Dumbledore. And he was

Oh, I Didn’t know anyone. Why would anyone have a problem with, that?

nick: don’t know if it’s true or not, but I heard that Pedro Pascal might be in it too.

Georgia: No, that can’t

55be

Ben

_

Tanzer: Well,

nick: And he

Ben

Tanzer: That

_

seems impossible.

nick: already talking shit about JK Rowlings too.

Ben

_

Tanzer: is probably looking for work

again.

No spoiler

alerts

Georgia: No he,

nick: I heard he is gonna be a.

Georgia: He,

The been very,

nick: Father,

Georgia: I don’t, I

nick: I

Joe: Oh, really?

Georgia: Nick, we need to do some verifying here because

Ben

_

Tanzer: Was gonna say I, need a fact

checker

nick: I don’t know.

Joe: With, put that in the show notes.

We gotta,

nick: He’s gonna look, he can

Georgia: been very vocal about

56his opinion. Anyway. We could go

on

Joe: up that I wanted to, but

Georgia: But

Joe: I

I like to explore early examples and I’ve, I found too, which is interesting about this

kind of human replacement and because I [00:39:00] thought that was just an interest

and we went down that path.

one

was in Greek, Greek myth Pygmalion,

Sculptor disillusioned with real women, sculpts a, another version

and

that the Pygmalion is, a Shaw’s play and

You have that.

But that was, that’s eight ce, so very early on.

And the other one I

had was the Goum in Jewish folklore. And that, you have this kind of replacement

of the, the humanoid and replacing the human equivalent and taking over function.

So that’s, we, and that was 16th century like Prague esque in that timeframe.

These stories of human replacement. We

think about technology and cloning and robots and

all this stuff

we’re bringing

up, but really we’ve been struggling with

Our, the almost a, a fragile sense of the human condition and our place in the nat-

ural world and our mortality that brought that up.

57Because you can extrapolate out that if you can start cloning yourself. The ultimate

goal when you think about it is that, as I get closer to death, can I clone myself and

then, re-up

[00:40:00] Get a redo

And have all of

Georgia: my base

Joe: memories and, and that,

that’s the show.

Ben

_

Tanzer: it’s interesting ’cause maybe.

Sorry, go ahead.

Joe.

got excited about

nick: Yeah, no,

Joe: I, and I was just gonna bring up that the show where we started

watching that animated one Pathon.

And,

nick: how is, that’s, it’s

Georgia: it’s really good. It’s really Good.

Joe: Good. And we started

Georgia: and don’t talk too much about that.

’cause that’s gonna lead into a different episode.

Remember?

Joe: Oh, sorry. What is there?

Okay. Nevermind. I dunno.

nick: Oh,

Georgia: remember we

58talked about the idea for another one?

Joe: okay.

I guess we did,

Georgia: actually, if

Ben

_

Tanzer: I will not allow you, if I can help it for you to ruin future episodes, but

I will say, you Keep

talking about

I

keep talking about like prep work. or, I’m, I,

grew up immersed in the golem.

of,

my dad talked the golem

All the, time. So even if I didn’t know exactly.

what’s

Georgia: Mm-hmm.

Ben

_

Tanzer: Joe, To your point,

I know what the

point is. Which is

building new versions of

ourselves, building replacement versions. Then I gotta say

for a moment

when you said you did

research also.

that I thought,

Is he gonna

name [00:41:00] drop the movie?

59Weird Science. ’cause that would be a

magical,

Georgia: You’re

Joe: science. You’re

right. That

Georgia: is,

nick: and

Georgia: and we

nick: how

Georgia: accurate weird science was. That had the science down to a t

Joe: If you’re gonna clone

people out of a Barbie doll, a bra and some underwear on your head, that’s the

way to go,

nick: That

Ben

Tanzer: I worked for them and

_

Joe: so

nick: I, I did have

Joe: thinking of, I went way

back, but early sci-fi, probably the first

people

all

agree at some level that the first sci-fi kind of story was Frankenstein, and

so

nick: that

sci-fi or is it horror?

usually considered

60Georgia: I think. I think both.

Joe: I mean I, all right, I’m, that’s

Georgia: I do

think it’s both, but I think it’s the science because you’re reanimating, like the

wasn’t, like

nick: the

Joe: horror. So I think this is considered the first sci-fi. So let’s say that, so in there,

right?

nick: Yeah.

Ben

_

Tanzer: it’s funny ’cause I was joking about

weird science, but I was wondering

if you were gonna mention Frankenstein ’cause

of course You’re [00:42:00] building

I mean it’s

a monster.

I’m

doing that with air quotes.

Joe: thunder.

Usually,

Ben

Tanzer: No. I’m thrilled. I

_

actually tracking. you

nick: got something older.

Joe: Nick

has

Ben

_

Tanzer: No, but I was tracking. Was tracking

where your brain was going. I

61Joe: I have

nick: a list of

Joe: kind of,

this historical list of kind of stories that have human replacements.

I, I

Pride myself

Georgia: I think it is really fascinating because. I don’t know. Anyway, someone

else say something ’cause I’ve lost my thought.

nick: I can say

that.

Joe: I’ll go with Irwin by Samuel Butler. And that was 1872. And the whole theme

there was that machines might evolve and surpass humans. So that’s how long ago

we’ve been thinking about a machine replacing us there and society. Then

Ben

Tanzer: in the

_

Terminator,

right?

Joe: begin, they banned the machines. So we, we, at this point in time, we kinda

have the industrial revolution working its way and, you ban you then go, let’s just ban

machines.

That way

then they’ll never replace us. They’ll never [00:43:00] overtake

us. You, we cut

it. So go back in time. And that’s, unlike the Terminator who goes back and tries to

stop John Conner from being conceived, what if the humans went back and they said,

you know what?

Let’s just forget all these machines.

62They caused us all the trouble. And so you would have this whole thing. So now

I thought it, that’s a early

example of machines. We think about these stories being relatively new. And real-

ly we’ve been, the minute machines seem to replace humans and, I, and my

list of stories

to talk about with John Henry and our struggle against the machine.

I, I do,

Georgia: And I think it’s just so important to look at how science fiction can help

us, even help us in science. You know what I’m

saying? Like we bring up these things through science fiction that and different

possibilities that maybe we haven’t thought about in our everyday life.

Do You know what I’m saying?

Yeah. I do think it’s.

it Important to like, look at these [00:44:00] things in that

sense

Joe: Yeah. No, I yes.

Georgia: And I, but I always would thought Jetsons, and having the robots and

stuff would help you and

nick: don’t care enough about robots anymore. I want flying cars. If we’re talking

about the Jetsons,

Ben

_

Tanzer: I know the Jetsons is a bummer because everything they predicted,

if you’re around

my age.

Joe: Yeah, that’s right. Yeah. So you’re,

we.

Ben

_

Tanzer: That’s 40, 50 years ago. We got none of it.

63Georgia: I know And then

Joe: we’re probably,

nick: not, they’re

Georgia: have the robot robots doing the dishes or doing

the stuff that you

don’t wanna do. that’s

my whole or making things easier

Joe: AI and all that

And it’s like,

nick: we’re

stealing the fun jobs. Why don’t

Joe: write art

and no, why they do taxes and dishes and, laundry.

That’s what I want the

machine to do that I don’t have time to actually work on, work

Georgia: need to write

Joe: stuff. Yeah, no, they don’t. Yeah.

Georgia: Yeah. No, there’s

Joe: nothing

about the human condition except what we teach ’em. And that’s,

nick: and the people that are teaching them are,

Ben

_

Tanzer: but Joe, to your point, I’m not gonna elevate orphans [00:45:00]

above. Its

Primarily

pedestrian

level on that continuum.

64But what’s

fascinating is

just how long the continuum is

of people

thinking

about

what does it mean to

build replacements? What does it mean to be replaced even

when you don’t even have a

sense of technology. Going back to,

Pygmalion, you still have

this idea

we can be

replaced, And for me.

but I think you’re also touching on this to Go

sort of full circle. How

often

it doesn’t, not only intersect with domestic life, but it intersects with,

Capitalism.

and the sense that

On the good side, hey, it could do my taxes.

so

I can write.

That’s a positive if we could figure that out.

But so often it’s really abused and leveraged so that most

of us are not going to get to do the work we

65wanna do

or live

the

lives

nick: Oh a hundred percent.

Ben

Tanzer: And

_

so I

think that’s it always. One of the other

inspirations for this book, which is very not scifi. Is bartleby

The Scrivener. and I dunno if you all know

that by Melville and

when I read that

book

in

college, I don’t know a, story, it’s a story,

but it’s about a [00:46:00] guy who

decides not

to work.

A

real question

of what’s any worker’s obligation to the boss.

The first time I read it I remember thinking, there’s no debate here.

A person

got a job. They

applied for a

job, they got hired.

66The teacher, the

professor at the time was like why do we assume

you’re just supposed to

do

whatever

you’re told? to do, even when you’ve been Hired, for a job. And I don’t think I’d

ever

conceived that there was

another side to that

equation.

To me, the other side was

then you just don’t

take

that job, or

you don’t stay on that job or you find another job or you suffer.

And I still don’t think I understand

fully in my

own head where that fits, but it also fits on this continuum of things we’re talking

about, which is what are any of our obligations,

and what are our obligations

to work and bosses and the larger corporations we all feed into, and, I’ll always be

fascinated by

Joe: On that line, the maybe. ’cause it’s all, this always leads to dystopia but it

does have a contrarian kind of view. And I had some points here. I thought of

[00:47:00] maybe pluses and on to this point, Ben,

Work has historically been a source of trauma,

67For the

most part.

You can go

nick: so much trauma, alienation,

Joe: Soul sucking

death, it is just all these things we hear. So in some ways would

we

mourn its collapse, if,

Would we actually embrace

forced

leisure?

Would that bring us some sort

of

Georgia: Did you say forced leisure?

That’s

Joe: Yeah. Because all these stories,

Georgia: better start having some leisure there.

nick: Like,

I would kill for

some leisure,

Joe: Henry. I brought that up because he actually is

struggling against a machine saying that humans shouldn’t be replaced and hu-

mans can do a better job than the machine.

And he worked

harder

Georgia: and he worked himself. to

68Joe: You’re right. Some versions of the legend he killed himself defeating the ma-

chine.

So when I say forced leisure, it’s, is it something about the human condition, the

human experience that

we fall into,

as Ben was saying, we fall into line, [00:48:00] that work is part of

our

Georgia: then human condition.

There’s, but there’s so many different things that you have to tease apart in that,

because if you’re working, let’s say you’re working at.

A fast food

place

And you’re barely surviving. That’s different work than, I’m a brain surgeon and I’m

making this big difference

in the world.

Like, how much purpose are you

getting out of your work?

Joe: But if you, if with the.

person at the fast food place who now you say, okay, you’re forced into leisure.

They might be more accepting of it. So you’re saying they’ll be more accepting of

the leisure than a brain surgeon that goes, oh, the machine can do it now, so now I

can go off and play golf

Georgia: off. I think

nick: but wouldn’t that

Georgia: how much,

69nick: exercise more with art? If you have the leisure, you’re more accepting to do

the stuff that you didn’t think you would like. That’s when great things could be writ-

ten. Great. Paintings can be painted. Video games can be made.

But, or

you

Georgia: [00:49:00] or it’s

Joe: is a counter argument that.

Because you’re now not suffering. You won’t have the inspiration. You won’t be

like,

Ben,

nick: there’s other things to suffer

about. With Ben. You get the love life of suffering. You get the, there’s plenty of

suffer your

sunburn from the golf course. You know what I was

Georgia: so I’m saying like, how much of your identity is in

that work, right?

Yeah, that’s it’s like the people

that, find, they get to retire and then all of a sudden they go, wait, I don’t really

wanna do anything else.

nick: There’s so many other things I’d rather

Georgia: That’s not, how I would

feel

I would be very happy.

No, I

nick: hell, I can just sit around here and chat with you guys all

day.

70Joe: of

a sudden

this is the case

do you embrace it?

Do you and

I at forced leisure? I think, ‘

cause here example if you’re that brain surgeon, you’re gonna be forced in a

leisure, even though you might enjoy. Your profession, right? So we’re talking about

the people that might not

like

Georgia: it’s also

Joe: off the

bottom of the fry pan, but

Georgia: But it’s also

[00:50:00] totally tied

to capitalism and money, right. Yep. Yep. So there’s so many different.

Joe: Yeah.

yeah.

nick: And hell I can’t think of a job I’ve done that can’t be replaced by like a com-

puter or a robot.

It’s like everything I’ve done I know can,

so if the,

Joe: To your

point, Nick, if the machine or clones or whatever are better at the job than us hu-

mans, should we just let ’em re replace us?

Why are we stopping them, right? Or is that, is

71that

Georgia: Part of it.

nick: think

Joe: Ben has some comment. I think I saw he made

nick: a

Joe: We don’t have

video

Ben

_

Tanzer: it made me, it made me smile. The question right becomes

If they’re

better.

if we can let them replace us. If they ought to replace us.

It’s interesting

’cause you’ve taken the sort

of

positive

tack on this Joe, but Of course

there’s some

universe, everyone’s

I guess

we don’t need you at all.

And you don’t get forced leisure either. funny is

Georgia: base

nick: material.

Joe: Because

Ben_Tanzer: Yes. It’s an

interesting.

72thing and maybe it’s particularly

American [00:51:00] society.

which I think it is. When you talk about forced leisure, I was just reading some arti-

cle.

People love to always

talk about the European countries France in particular, how much the focus is on.

Yes. Work

hard, but don’t work like

they do in America.

Like we’re just not going to do that. But what’s

interesting to

me

is that this is a country where work is so completely valued And as Georgia was

talking

and overvalued,

arguably, I was thinking too,

whatever you do, whatever you aspire to, to Nick’s

point, if you could be

replaced on everything.

I

don’t know, but it’s also an interesting

discussion to me

about opportunity, certainly the character in this book

feels

that his opportunities are limited. And

You talked about trauma

73Joe, you’ve referred to

it, During this conversation. I’d

also see the characters, the protagonist

in the story

as growing up rough and

without, lacking certain

fundamental things, certain

support.

And so they’re

hustling.

And that’s another thing. right? When you’re hustling, you’re that much, [00:52:00]

you’re that

much, more

desperate to not. be. hustling. And I

thought if I, could capture some of that vibe, they

found each other, they’re holding on they have a kid, like, it’s not that they’re not

without hope,

but they’re absolutely without the possibility that they’re going

to be

able to easily take care of themselves or maybe even take care of themselves at

all.

And that I thought is fascinating.

The universe of,

forced leisure, which by

the way,

I’m totally picturing the Black Mirror episode the three of you have to write.

74I find that really

fascinating.

A.

lot of people couldn’t do

it. They wouldn’t, they wouldn’t Know what

to

do.

We haven’t

been conditioned by Society to embrace.

It reminds me of that Twilight Zone

where the guy’s a bank robbery

he gets shot.

and then he

is clearly dead.

Joe: a resident Twilight zone expert.

nick: She know, this episode, Georgia. So he goes, he turns out, he’s

Ben

Tanzer: dead

_

Joe: you’re the first

guest to point out a Twilight Zone

Ben

_

Tanzer: Oh my God.

I am obsessed. And I should say, I went to the, I went to the same high school

much later.

Rod

Serling went to my [00:53:00] high

Georgia: Wow.

Wow.

75Ben

Tanzer: I feel a level

_

of

ownership relationship. There’s this

episode where the guy gets shot?

and

Georgia: Is it set like in Old West Time or

Ben_Tanzer: No, No, no.

So This feels like,

it’s in the fifties,

but the

catch is he is

dead

And

everything is gold.

Like he he wants whatever

he wants.

he’s getting

and.

he’s

like, how did I

end up

in heaven.

This is crazy. I’m this bank robber, horrific, whatever guy.

And then he says to,

he has

A guide or a guardian angel,

76and he says, the guardian angel. Look man,

Like,

this is all too easy.

Everything’s

fun, everything’s cool, everything’s leisure. I win every hand of blackjack. All the

money’s coming my way. I gotta

get a little action. He goes, I wanna go

rob something. And the guardian

angel’s perfect, I’ll

set

that

up for you.

He’s so

when are you gonna get there? And do you need a gun? And what should the po-

lice do? And the guy’s no.

I don’t want it. Stage managed. This is a nightmare.

And then finally the guardian angel says, that’s how it works [00:54:00] here.

And then he, says, you know what? If That’s, how it works here. then I prefer to go

to hell.

And then the

angel’s like, where do you think you are?

Georgia: yeah,

Ben_Tanzer: is hell. This is your

version of hell.

There’s no excitement.

Joe: So just a quick lookup, a nice place to visit.

77nick: Hell,

Ben

Tanzer: that

_

sounds correct.

And you know you don’t know

nick: nice place to visit.

Joe: Yeah, no,

nick: that’s the

Joe: episode there used to Google machines while Ben

Ben

_

Tanzer: There you go. So, yeah, I can make Twilight Zone references

endlessly. My brother and I, not only did my brother and I

Watch every episode.

nick: seen that.

Joe: I looked at

the little picture of the episode.

And

Georgia: it’s ringing bells.

Joe: I do remember this one yet.

nick: So Georgia, when are you guys gonna start your Twilight Zone recap pod-

cast?

Georgia: Right. I love that. I will come back and be happy to stupidly talk about

Ben

_

Tanzer: every episode

I’m

Georgia: I have said that we should do an episode just on the Twilight Zone.

Joe: Yes.

nick: I think that’s just a whole new show.

Georgia: That’s true.

78nick: That’s true. But honestly, like I, it, I absolutely loved when the pandemic had

us [00:55:00] closed down. Everything was at a halt. I was thriving. It was great. De-

spite everything else around in the world, having that time of leisure, right?

Like not being able to experience like an actual vacation before that.

I loved

it. It was,

Joe: yeah.

nick: it’s like having that forced leisure. I think that would be the closest thing.

Georgia: That’s a great example. of that. We

nick: had two of that, yeah, you weren’t able to do absolutely everything you

wanted to, but you had that time off to do stuff.

Joe: Yeah, no I think you could put a positive spin on it, but

nick: Joe, would you be able to deal with that? Like a forced leisure?

Yeah. I

Joe: have

a million hobbies,

nick: Oh yeah, you do. I

forgot about

that. That probably, I, the

Joe: limitation would be, alright, the supplies I need free or do I need, they’ll keep

working for

Georgia: See that.

it always goes back to the money. You have

Joe: just if you’re saying money is of no

object, psen, you [00:56:00] would hit

the

79Georgia: you’re

talking about like science fiction and like Just totally going out. That is science fic-

tion. A world where you don’t need money.

Joe: Yeah.

We touched

nick: about, we touched on

Georgia: even,

Joe: in the economics episode. We had this, in, in that episode and we talked

about the economics of star Trek. Because that was the idea. It was a post scarcity kind

of economic kind of model, which our guests on that episode, Omron said that was,

nick: he had a lot of lot,

Joe: a

lot of hand waving problems yeah.

nick: that

was the show that pulled him out. He was like, Nope, I can’t deal with this.

Yeah,

Joe: you’re

right because you get to that point where then the economics and we talked

about on there about, usually economics is boring and you spikes it up. But it was in-

teresting because you get into that, that if you take away these things like what are,

what’s the friction in society?

What’s this economic friction? What is the movement of goods and things like

that. Because at the end of the day,

humans

80do that. That’s what we do. And, [00:57:00] time in and time out through our histo-

ry, we found a way to. Make things, commodities and some way to trade and ex-

change these things.

That could be goods. That could be products. And I think we would enjoy our

force leisure, and then we would kill all the robots and clones and that would start

some sort of war between the clones and the robots. And then we get into a termina-

tor situation or matrix

and it just won’t,

we fall.

nick: Maybe

that’s how the

Joe: started.

Maybe it, it was like forcely, Hey, you guys can leisurely do what you do. And then

the humans were like,

no we actually don’t want

that. And then the machine said we don’t need you. We’ll use it as batteries, which

is

Georgia: So would you call that a broken future?

call

Joe: a very broken

nick: future.

Joe: future.

Yeah. That’s as broken as the future can get where, the stupid machines uses as

batteries. ’cause that’s, we’re a poor energy source. Nonetheless, that’s a different

nick: radical. Wait, you’re saying I’m not a [00:58:00] good energy source?

Joe: you’re not,

81nick: Damn

Joe: pretty wasteful.

nick: Thanks, Joe.

Now my trauma’s maybe that remains unproven in the be in the

Ben

Tanzer: best

_

nick: That’s

right.

Joe: No, but yeah, ‘

you, cause you get, we’re gonna kind come to the end here, but you do have this

thing, and I just, last point and the story is that, that trauma, between, being useful, ob-

solescence and, and poverty like, which is worse, right?

That you’re now replaced in some society. So we could take Ben’s story here and

the clone can replace the human completely, or the machine can replace the human.

So you go from poor,

you

go from poor, this poverty

situation and desperate to now being replaced. So the, the trauma and all that,

amplifies.

Can we just, can you

nick: edit

Joe: out the

human trauma, right? Can you create the clone and teach them to enjoy it? Or

force [00:59:00] leisure? And then get rid of the human the next point. And that’s,

Georgia: and also there’s also a Ray Bradbury episode. Remember

the one where he made a clone and then

his wife fell in love with the clone and they put him in a box or something.

82that

Joe: Ray Bradbury or

Georgia: was

Yeah, it was a ray.

Joe: that maybe you’re right.

Georgia: Yeah.

Ben

Tanzer: I remember that.

_

episode. Right. guy’s,

Joe: go ahead. And Ben.

Ben

_

Tanzer: I may be wrong about this, but of course I, you’re talking about Twi-

light Zone again.

Georgia: It was actually Ray

Bradbury’s presents or whatever

his

Ben_Tanzer: Oh, okay. Sorry.

Joe: that presents,

Ben

_

Tanzer: thinking about a particular Twilight Zone where this guy, this very

slumpy

guy. He,

Georgia: for it.

Joe: it.

Ben

_

Tanzer: Oh,

okay. Sorry. I did what?

nick: time.

Joe: she usually

brings

83Ben

_

Tanzer: Oh, no.

Okay.

nick: though.

Joe: So

Georgia: Ben, you’re like still in the thunder here. No,

Ben

_

Tanzer: Sorry, I do not

nick: go for it. Go for it. That is beautiful. You

Joe: You can steal as much thunder as you like as a guest

Ben

_

Tanzer: This like Very schlubby dude his

wife [01:00:00] goes away

to I don’t know what we call them anymore.

She goes away to lose weight.

And while she’s

away, he

buys a robot not quite a

blowup doll or a sex doll, but like a robot.

And she’s young

and attractive

and he gets to spend this like week or two with her. And he is got someone young

who’s

Fun to look at, but also

waits on him and treats him like he’s

a hero and he is not used to any of this.

And

Then he starts thinking,

do I even need my wife to come back?

84So this

Picks up this whole,

thread tonight,

and you are like, do

I even need

her to come back. And then she

comes back and, she’s, again, this feels so, antiquated, now, I apologize. But She

comes back and she’s lost all

this weight and

or

we don’t see her,

Maybe we see her

beforehand, she’s really attractive.

And he’s

oh, maybe I overthought this.

The

robot

thing is great, but look

at my wife now.

Now I

appreciate

her.

So then he

Starts getting into some weird,

exchange with Her and he is I was gonna

replace you.

85but now I don’t need to.

And Then she’s you’re gonna replace me.

And then she reaches behind his neck and she [01:01:00] turns off his switch

He had once been a young, attractive

robot,

and he had grown into this slovenly, middle aged dude, robot and she replaces

him. And then she pulls a younger robot out of a box,

and now she’s gonna live her best life. She was always the only human in the mix.

Georgia: That

is awesome.

And I can’t say I even recall that episode, I know. It’s, crazy.

Joe: Ray Bradberry Marionette Inc.

Georgia: Which one?

Nette? The one that he no, Ray Brad. The one I was

Joe: you’re talking

about it’s from Illustrated man. Marionettes Inc.

And that was that one. And it was that was a story where they get the

clone

and then the wife has it, and then it’s on.

If he has the wife, the clones, more affectionate, da. And then he wants to like, he

realizes that the clone is like falling in love ’cause the wife never gets him to do what

he wants to do. So he gets to clone to do all the stuff the wife wants to do. And then

he realizes that the clone. Is falling in love with his wife not doing the job,

nick: And I’m pretty sure this was a [01:02:00] Futurama episode too. I’m

Joe: Yeah, that’s right.

nick: the amount of times that it’s oh yeah, you can just build off

86this locked in a box

Joe: like the clone eight. They like a struggle. And then he gets locked in the box

in the basement, and then it’s like that’s,

Georgia: Yeah. you

Joe: really know,

like they’re in the bedroom and you think it’s the clone kissing the wife, but you’re

unsure who actually got locked in the box.

So is that little double take

Georgia: Wow. I’m actually,

I gotta find out. That was but I have to find out what the episode is that he’s talking

about for Twilight.

Zone. Oh yeah. No, ’cause

Joe: what To look

Georgia: I gotta do Some more Twilight Zone reason. You gotta have that

Joe: the mini the mini episode that we do.

Ben

_

Tanzer: You’re gonna find out later.

I completely,

made Up and I somehow combined,

you know, Ray Bradberry with weird science with my own book,

Georgia: And it

was awesome. weird science

Joe: reference. Wow. That’s a good

Ben

_

Tanzer: sorry, one of my longtime obsessions.

nick: haven’t seen that movie in a minute. I haven’t

Joe: either. No, I

Georgia: I have to say

87this

Ben

_

Tanzer: I’m guessing it hasn’t

aged very

Joe: very well. No,

Ben

_

Tanzer: seemed appropriate.

Joe: Yeah.

It was, yeah, I know.

I doubt it aged any of those movies in that timeframe. Probably [01:03:00] not. No.

Yeah,

Ben

_

Tanzer: Maybe not. Unfortunately only unfortunate that

we grew up. At least I grew up watching

them

and caused all kinds of long-term

damage.

Joe: going

to

the theater to see where it’s iron, so Yeah. That’s Yeah. I done.

Georgia: And

Nick’s gosh, you guys are old.

Joe: No, I, I don’t, I think we’re around the same age fan.

Ben

_

Tanzer: We are I might be a little older. If I didn’t see it in the theater, that’s

only ’cause I was seeing some

other crap test. A

eighties

nick: You

gotta

88Joe: mannequin

weird science. There was a whole generation of those movies.

If people don’t know what we’re talking about.

Proceed with

Ben

_

Tanzer: Apologies. Anyone who

was born after the seventies and possibly the eighties.

Joe: Cool. What were you saying, Georgia?

Georgia: No, I was just gonna say. Actually this episode, it really wasn’t quite as

depressing as I thought it might.

be.

Joe: We made this future of

clones and robots replacing humans. Very fun.

nick: Yeah.

I’m down for it. Yeah.

Ben

Tanzer: It can be

_

fun.

Joe: leisure.

nick: and forced

Georgia: leisure.

nick: Sign

me up. I just have a

feeling that the company’s gonna end up killing me, [01:04:00] as soon as they re-

placed me,

that would

Joe: be the

Ben

_

Tanzer: it shakes out, Nick is gonna be very

89happy. And Joe, you’re gonna expect to be killed. And that’s gonna be the, that’s

where things are going to land.

George Is gonna be,

fine. The rest

nick: I’ll be watching Twilight Zone in my

Ben

_

Tanzer: There you go.

nick: Inc.

Ben

Tanzer: It.

_

Georgia: All

right.

Joe: I think

nick: Ben, where, what plugs you got?

Joe: let’s go. You got a new book coming out

or

has come do so May 6th,

Ben

_

Tanzer: so May 6th, this new book after.

Hours Scorsese Grief

and the grammar of Cinema

drops. It’s Again, it’s a partially a grief memoir

partially

film

commentary

I’m not gonna call

it film criticism again, but it’s really

a Deep

dive into sort of, into the movie after hours.

90and

how I connected to my father,

in particular, who died fairly young. But both my parents, their love of Scorsese,

but trying to use,

the movie as a lens

to

think about both

grief, but also

how we become creative people. So my father was

an [01:05:00] Artist,

fine artist, And he never. Quite got the success he wanted.

though he was acclaimed. he loved him and he’s a

wonderful artist.

This whole idea of how

did he get

in his own way, But also

when you don’t get to live a full life, who

knows what opportunities are lost, and so I thought

if I could somehow write a

book

about all that that would be cool.

And I, I threw all

kinds of.

things in just, Joe, I didn’t even know you in yet there’s lists and

there’s interviews. I

Joe: God have lists

91Ben

_

Tanzer: It’s funny to do a whole callback and pull our episode together

here. One of the first interviews,

I did for the book

it was with an

author actually, also at the

Chicago Writers Association conference, Let’s just

write Jeremy.

T.

Wilson is a good friend of mine,

And he said, this is a Frankenstein

of a book.

And I thought, okay there. it is. that’s gonna be the theme apparently. And so you

all brought that

back. I appreciate it. Apparently I’m

dabbling in

Frankenstein.

if that’s a thing.

but

Yeah.

the book’s Coming out. I’m really, I’m excited when [01:06:00] anything comes

out. I’m excited when

anyone says, oh yeah, we’d love to publish this.

That always feels like a small miracle, right?

Joe: yes.

Quick question.

nick: Do you have any pictures of your father’s art in your book or no,

92Ben

Tanzer: Not in this book. That’s an

_

awesome

question.

No, ’cause we just didn’t

Shake out like that. So now of course when I get it

reissued down the road, we’ll have to incorporate some Mike Tanzer art. Yeah.

Now that’s

seeming Like

a big problem. So Yeah. no, Not necessarily.

though. It was

funny,

I have this fantasy

where I’m

gonna do

A podcast.

where I’m gonna interview my brother. and my mom, both.

of whom I interviewed for the book, And

that we’ll talk about the influence of movies on the family

but I’ll record it.

And so I did, a, we did

a Test

run. It wasn’t intended as

a test run, but We had some technical, difficulties. but there was a moment.

where I was looking at, I was

looking at them on Zoom and

looking at my own reflection and all three of us had artwork.

93of my father’s behind us. And

that was not planned.

So

we’re in three different homes

And

we each had something over

our [01:07:00] That’s awesome.

Yeah. Can’t escape, the shadow. don’t Wanna escape. shadow, and definitely can’t

escape which great.

Don’t, so

Georgia: that makes me think of my other question.

What is your

podcast?

Ben

Tanzer: So

_

I do a podcast called

this

Podcast, Will change Your Life.

And

It is Long, it has become, it was

always

intended, but I don’t think I had any of this language.

It’s long form interviews with authors.

Certainly. I hope you all will come on and join me.

But yeah, just talk to different authors I’ve been, what I’m

proud of lately, I hadn’t really noticed it until.

My

94previous

book came.

out and this started

coming up, but the show is now in

its 16th year.

so it’s got some longit longevity long

longevity.

So, said longevity. That doesn’t sound right. Longevity,

Joe: I

Ben

_

Tanzer: doesn’t sound right. Longevity.

Joe: Yeah. I

nick: I dunno

what you’re talking

Joe: about.

Ben

_

Tanzer: you know what’s great about that? tell,

I,

could see the word in my brain,

but I could not

get my to match

nick: that’s like the microwave. I

immediately thought, [01:08:00]

yeah, this

is a word. I’m just not that bright. I

get this. No,

Georgia: but I,

Ben

_

Tanzer: I used a word in a different interview recently,

95and as soon as I said it, I thought that’s

not a word. Then I got really embarrassed

because I was speaking

to someone.

much more erudite than me. Again, I

grew up in upstate New York in the seventies.

So

my public School education.

is a little

shaky, and I

paused and

I went. I apologized. There’s no way That’s a word.

Another person said, that’s okay.

You’re on a Podcast.

You can Make up any,

words you

nick: Anywhere if you want.

Georgia: I was gonna,

Ben

Tanzer: but

_

Georgia: I like that word too. And I think may.

Ben

Tanzer: feel free to use it. You don’t even have to

_

Reference me.

It’d probably be more embarrassing if you

Joe: Yeah.

You should reference. No. Yeah. No,

Ben

_

Tanzer: then people will know how dumb your

96guests are and let’s not, add

to that or at least how dumb guest

is.

Joe: guess. And yeah, I definitely, I’d speak for myself and maybe the, my other

cohost love to be on your podcast sometime and talk about,

Ben

Tanzer: Let’s

_

make happen. ’cause I like to, you know, the other thing I do is

that I love talking to authors

especially as they have New things coming out not required. But then

I also like to filter in just getting

podcasters on.

and talking

Why They

do

what they [01:09:00] do. Like I know

what I do.

I know why I do what I do. Maybe we’ll talk

about making, get

the Three of

you. on simultaneously. That would be a

nick: yeah. absolutely.

Ben

Tanzer: we do that?

_

engineer

nick: whenever you want.

Joe: whenever you want.

97Ben_Tanzer: Okay. This summer. How about let’s just commit to it this summer.

We’ll make this

Joe: We’re

nick: A hundred percent we’re

Joe: it here

first on a rabbit hole of research.

We’re gonna

all appear

on Ben’s podcast title, the,

Ben

_

Tanzer: podcast will change your

life.

nick: will change your

life. I

thought you were forgot

first. Actually,

Georgia: especially the episode, we’re on

That’s

really gonna change. things. We won’t

Joe: talking about broken futures, trauma and human condition,

nick: Oh, I thought we were gonna dive into the trauma. We didn’t get

to dive into

Ben

_

Tanzer: I, I it’s gonna have to be trauma focused

for sure. But then we’ll find other things like forced leisure to

Joe: Yeah.

nick: Are you pro force leisure or against force leisure before we

Ben

_

Tanzer: Oh, I am, as Soon as you,

98add the phrase forced leisure, I’m in whatever it is, whether it’s forced

unforced offered.

Again, as long

as

it’s

not some larger nefarious.

plot to replace all of us.

if it’s [01:10:00] really just an option to be,

I could handle leisure.

My wife always jokes

about this, given especially how much I

work.

She’s Always oh my God,

Nobody was born

for leisure more than you.

You’ll be fine. have so much

stuff You wanna do that? Doesn’t evolve going to work.

So

yeah, Nick, you and I, man, we’re simpatico here. I’ll be fine. I will be fine.

nick: Joe pro or con force leisure.

Joe: I’m pro force. I

don’t like

forced to anything. I’m just leisure. I just love leisure. But

yeah, so if you’re gonna force me to do le

99stop doing what you do and do leisure and then Yeah. No I got things to, to fill my

time with and I’ve got country wisdom, so I’m ready for any robot apocalypse, mete-

orite, apocalypse

nick: meteorite,

Ben

_

Tanzer: All the we, we embrace all the apocalypses.

Joe: Yeah. I’m there. So yes. I’m Pro Force Leisure,

nick: Georgia.

Georgia: Yeah. You don’t even have to

ask.

me.

And I’ll say I really enjoyed the, I really enjoyed COVID.

myself.

See

Joe: the problem with COVID. I was like the, I had

this, I had the letter from the governor or whatever. I still had to [01:11:00] go in.

I was, I forget what they call

Georgia: it. Essential maybe essential

Joe: Yeah. I had to go to the lab and keep microscopes up and pivotal research,

and then I got sick with COVID.

nick: Yeah.

Georgia: What?

Joe: I didn’t have a

good COVID experience. But that’s a different story for a different podcast. But

nick: all right then. So I think

Thank you so much

Ben. Free.

100Joe: thank

Ben

_

Tanzer: man. Thanks for having

me. What a blast. You guys are awesome.

Joe: And so yeah,

you have me,

Joe here.

nick: You got Nick.

Joe: You got Nick. We’ve got Nick, we’ve got Georgia

and

we’ve got our guest Ben here who joined us

nick: and we went down some traumatic

Joe: We went

down some traumatic ho with

nick: with

Georgia: little forced leisure thrown in, forced

Joe: leisure on the other end.

Yeah. You guys stay safe out there.

nick: Bye-Bye.

Joe: We love ya.

Transcript: EP 41: Crimes in Time

Can a murder be solved across timelines? Author Lee Matthew Goldberg joins the Rabbit Hole crew to explore time travel, paradoxes, time machines, and mind-bending memory loops.

Listen to this episode now: SubstackAppleSpotifyYouTubeAmazon

Joe: [00:00:00] Hey, welcome back to the Rabbit Hole of Research down here in the basement studio for episode 41. We’ll be talking about crimes through time. You have the crew. You have me, Joe, you got

nick: Yeah. Got Nick. You’ve

Joe: got Nick. We’ve got Georgia, how you there?

geo: Hi there.

Joe: And we have a special guest joining us please.

Lee: Hi, I am Lee Matthew Goldberg. I’m an author. I have two young adult sci-fi books that just came out. And I’m so happy to be here.

Joe: Definitely. And

your books, they revolve around time. One of them miles in time, is that right? That’s the awesome,

Lee: Yes. Yeah.

the title definitely,

Joe: we played off of that Crimes in Time.

Lee: traveling. Yes.

Joe: Yeah. And with that I’ll go ahead and give my little opening definition. We’ll save the list for later. I don’t know. I’m not gonna break my.

My

nick: Can you actually do the [00:01:00] list first?

Joe: I don’t

geo: Yeah. Come on. I wanna hear list.

Joe: No. You guys gotta wait. I want build a tension for the list. Yeah. That’s

geo: what

all.

Joe: like, that’s the fans like.

Time is an absolute universal parameter that flows at a constant rate for all observers.

It provides the backdrop against which all events occur, a cosmic metronome. Indifferent to space or motion, and it’s perceived to flow forward a straight arrow, a line that moves from cause to effect or from crime to consequence. But what if it doesn’t? What if time bends loops, fractures? What happens to justice when yesterday can be edited and tomorrow can reach back to pull the trigger.

What if the criminal disappears into the past? So worse is the past. What about murders that haven’t happened yet? Alibis that exist in parallel timelines, evidence that loops forever. And a terrifying idea that some crimes have no beginning at all.

nick: Is it just me or have your what, your descriptions gotten a lot more wordy. I don’t know. I don’t know.

Joe: I don’t know. And are you giving me, are [00:02:00] you upset about these? No, I’m just Okay.

geo: I think I agree. Yeah.

Joe: Yeah.

geo: I think it probably depends on the

topic. Yeah.

Joe: It

geo: like time.

Time is very romantic,

nick: Romantic.

geo: Yeah. Like that concept of time.

No,

but I think you can real, I can think you can wax poetic about time and I

Joe: Yeah,

geo: that’s,

Lee: I agree. I was with it the whole time, Joe. Yeah, I was, I.

Joe: thank you. Thank you. I get a lot of shade here from my cohost. I feel like

Lee: Good though. It No, it keeps you working for Yeah.

geo: I feel like there’s a little bit of pressure though, ’cause you’ve you’ve said what we’re gonna talk about.

Joe: Maybe I don’t actually. I, that’s what I wanna talk about, but I as listeners, our listeners know that is not usually I don’t get my way. So that’s

geo: you just

nick: by

Joe: so I’m trying to prompt everyone to talk about what I want, but No, it’s

okay.

nick: I felt like. Yeah he’s really trying, that’s

geo: That’s

what I felt like. It was more like,

nick: he knows he can’t script me, so he [00:03:00] tries to,

Joe: maybe what I’ve done is I can actually time travel and I’ve gone back and I’ve created

geo: oh, so we’ve already done this episode and now you’ve gone back and

Joe: right.

I’ve already done it like,

Lee: it’s edited perfectly to fit the narrative. Yeah.

Joe: And every time someone messes up, then I gotta go many times have you done this, Joe?

right. This is so boring.

geo: Those

Joe: Wow. Those jokes are perfectly timed. Yep. That’s it. I ran on top of it.

geo: So I wanna say something really exciting. I did read your book

Lee: Awesome. I love that.

geo: and I

Lee: I love that.

geo: I really enjoyed it. But you will know, you can ask Nick and Joe I haven’t really read a lot of the other, you usually get more done than I do.

And I actually read the whole book. Yeah. So there,

Joe: I

nick: I had to

Lee: I really appreciate that. That means a lot.

Joe: I’ve read, I read the first three chapters, so I’m not gonna, I’m not gonna try to lie my way out of it. I no time travel. I’ll have to go back and catch it.

nick: I had to [00:04:00] restart recently. ’cause I, I started reading yours for a different episode and I’m like, wait, where am I?

geo: It was like time traveling. Yeah.

Lee: Right. It got you again.

It got you again.

nick: I’m just like, wait, what parts do I remember?

geo: So

yeah, I really enjoyed it. And so there’s a part one which I read, but then you said there’s a second one. So when did the first one come out?

Lee: So the first one came out about two months ago, I think May 6th, and then the second one came out about a month ago.

the publishers wanted ’em. Yeah, they wanted both out. Which great. But it’s also like a lot of PR that you have to do for a book.

geo: right,

Lee: Have to do double the amount of pr.

But yeah, no. And will there be a third one? Probably not, but you never know. But probably, yeah, I think the loop has closed

geo: But you never know.

Joe: You never know.

Lee: You [00:05:00] never know. And if it became like a, a franchise of movies, sure. I would write another I would

geo: because I was, I read it and then I looked and I was like, wait, there’s a second one. And so I was surprised. Yeah.

Lee: Yeah. I think it, it’s good marketing. I think a lot of times with indie publishers, they really have the ability to try different things out and see what works, what doesn’t. So yeah, no, it’s great. They’re both out.

nick: And how long have you been write writing for

Lee: Wait,

geo: the,

Lee: been writing, so my first book came out about 10 years ago. My first book slowed down. But I’ve been writing since I was like a little kid. It’s always been what I’ve wanted to do with my life. I think I was saying, I used to write books about my dog getting in like a jam. I was always prepping to be a thriller author.

And then now I have these sci-fi books.

Joe: Yeah,

nick: So did your first book have anything to do with time too? ’cause it sounds like it might

Lee: Slowdown, no slowdown was just set in the present time. But books I’ve been working on for a long time, [00:06:00] so a lot of times, like a book is in the back of my mind while I’m working on another one. And both of these books were I

was figuring them out while I was writing other things. They just took a little longer to marinate.

nick: Oh yeah.

geo: And then I was looking, I think I was looking at some of your other books. Don’t you have something that’s a time travel, but it was like during the Gold Rush or

Lee: Yeah. So my book, the Ancestor it’s my favorite, it’s set in the present time, but it’s about a man who wakes up in the Alaskan wilderness with amnesia and he thinks he’s been stuck in time since the Alaskan Gold Rush. And he sees a man that looks just like him. Follows him home and it brings him like a rush of memories of his wife, his child, but all from back in the late 18 hundreds.

And so he becomes obsessed with this man more and more. The more time he spends with him, the more he remembers about his family. And then he remembers he left like a massive amount of gold somewhere in the wilderness, so he has to [00:07:00] go find it. So it plays with time travel and whether you could really be, stuck in time for a hundred something years.

geo: Okay.

Joe: This brings up some of the paradoxes in time travel. So you get your first of many lists, I

geo: was gonna say that sounds like a list.

Joe: No. And so you have the kind of classic ones is the, like the grandfather paradox where you travel back and you prevent Yeah. Preventing your grandfather’s existence, prevent your own or grandmother or anyone in your

nick: wait, so this isn’t the one where you become your own grandfather?

Joe: No, that’s, this isn’t,

geo: oh,

Joe: is that Futurama?

Wasn’t that a

Futurama episode?

nick: Yes, it is.

Joe: It’s been a while since we had a Futurama reference

nick: I know, right? I couldn’t really shove Tama in all the fantastic four

Joe: well maybe.

Then we have the Bootstrap Paradox. It’s an object or information exists without or origin. And so that one, it raises issues of intellectual property. This is the same [00:08:00] as a gin principle, which is a theoretical that an object’s introduced that doesn’t really have a start origin.

So you don’t know. And the classic was the Christopher

geo: I was gonna say the penny. No, I thought I was

Joe: exists.

And so who actually, when was the watch created? Was it created in his time or in the pastime? And you just have this loop where now an object has

geo: Oh, okay.

Origin. So because there was that penny. This is actually a spoiler.

Joe: It’s older than

20 years.

So,

geo: But they see, he sees the penny from the modern times. And that kind of throws everything off.

but that penny, you know where it came from, right? So it, doesn’t, that’s right.

Joe: It’s not it would not be the a bootstrap paradox or the gin particle kind of paradox. I was gonna say the other one, the other classic bootstrap para bootstrap paradox is in Back to the Future with Johnny B. Good and Chuck Berry, and he [00:09:00] goes, oh, listen, this is the sound you’re listening for.

So now the origin of, that music is, it really doesn’t have an origin because it’ll now be in this loop of just being created.

nick: stop me if we’ve had this conversation before. I don’t know if it was on air or off air, but didn’t it have to start somewhere? Because the start of that loop was when Marty McFly had heard it originally,

Joe: right?

Yes.

nick: And that was pre him going back in

Joe: right? Yes. But

now,

nick: it’s, we saw the start of it.

Joe: You know the start because, that’s the fun of it. You actually know Chuck Berry and his music, and you, we know he created it. But in that. Back

to the future world, it would be now just looped like, where did this music come from?

Because Chuck Berry technically didn’t create it now ’cause he just listened to the sound that some kid was playing on stage and

has reproduced it. So

geo: the question

Joe: so now you have this kind of weird loop because now the origin of it, and now you go in time, he now is, becomes famous [00:10:00] Chuck Berry. And then that loops back.

And

geo: I think it would depend on how much music he had done before that moment.

Joe: it didn’t look like he had done a lot. He was like in, in like his mom’s basement or something. I don’t know.

nick: Also, wouldn’t it make him like stealing IP at that point? That’s

Joe: what I said. You have an intellectual property thing and then Marty consume for, oh, okay. That’s,

geo: know there’s

enough

Joe: problems with Back to the future. I was gonna say that the one that kind of went to Penny and even the, your other story is the temporal identity conflicts where you meet past future selves. And, it raises questions about memory continuity, legal personhood and identity.

And so you have this whole, these moments in time. And then we have the pedestrian paradox. Attempting to change the past actually causes the event you’re trying to avoid. And probably one of the famous examples is 12 Monkeys.

Lee: I love,

Joe: think that one that’s, yeah, that’s a good one. So yeah, just some [00:11:00] paradoxes that you have to, so when you were writing your story, did you think about a paradox or did you just dive in and let the story, just take it where it goes without

spoiling it,

Lee: He, the in, in the Y book, he finds a, almost like in Beetlejuice or they find like about the other side, a book about it. He finds a book about what to do and what not to do in time travel. And his brother’s a genius inventor, so he like leaves it for him. So like one of the things is you should never run into your past self.

And my character is like f that like my past self maybe help me out

Joe: So Lee, I don’t want to cut you off, but maybe for listeners, could you give

Lee: Oh, I’m

Joe: synopsis of the story so that every, we all, I think we all know what it’s

about, but

I realize we’ve been talking

for a while. Oh, there’s miles in time travel and ta

geo: da.

Lee: Totally my bad. Um, So

Joe: just a bad host.

Sorry.

Lee: in, in Miles in time it’s set [00:12:00] in present time in Iowa and it’s about a 14-year-old kid named Miles. His older brother is a genius inventor. He may be working on a time machine and his older brother is murdered. And through kind of a code that the brother shared, he’s giving clues to where the time machine is.

Told to go back in time for a week, figure out who murdered him and save his life. So hence the book, the do’s and don’ts of time travel that the brother leaves for miles. So one of the things I said was to not meet your past self, but Miles is like an amateur sleuth. He’s a detective and he feels like he could use his past self.

So the two of them actually worked together to solve a lot of the mystery together. So I threw out a lot of the rules that I had seen before and other things, but, it’s like, it’s a kid’s book, it’s fun. I didn’t want to get fired too much in a complete believability, so yeah,

geo: Yeah.

That was one of the things that I was gonna bring up. But then I was like, I don’t know if I don’t think this a spoiler. And anyway, he did

Lee: no, you can say it. Yeah.[00:13:00]

Joe: But

geo: But yeah. I thought that was interesting that he did team up with his past self, because that is, I think that’s just so drilled into you Yeah.

That you

Lee: Yeah.

Joe: not, you’re gonna explode

Lee: And like who Who made that rule? Who really knows if that’s an actual thing

Joe: It’s a very convenient plot device. Not to

Lee: Exactly. So I don’t know, I just wanted to flip the script on time. Travel has been done so much in books and TV movies. So a lot of me was just trying to figure out like what kind of new could I do with it?

What kind of new things could I say about it? Also like being a real mystery at heart. ’cause he is an amateur Sherlock Holmes and I wanted it to be like a, who done it first and foremost.

Joe: You, it have to be a nice kind of. Having your own self in the time or the past time that you can consult with, because that kind of prevents your own memories from being corrupted during the time travel. So we have all this, like we were just [00:14:00] talking about the jinn particle, and things can now have a non origin.

And so it is, it would be useful to have someone that knows, oh, this is truly the origin of this thing, or this truly is a piece of evidence, not something that we’ve created. Because I guess through time travel, one could disrupt a change in time and then create another outcome or an event that then would have consequences in that

geo: Yeah. I think the other thing about this story is the fact that he only goes back a week.

Do

you know what I mean? I think that you mentioned that, so

Joe: back to when he is like a

geo: so it’s like you look pretty much the same and Yeah. And yeah.

Lee: But they also are so different

Them has experienced the loss of his brother with that week and around that plus also going back in time. The other one is naive than miles from a week ago. So even though they’re only a week apart, like they couldn’t be more different. And I think they’re able to play off each [00:15:00] other like one’s innocence helps the other kind of almost grizzled, hardened detective even a week later from what he’s experienced.

Joe: Now could the past miles swap and go into the future or does that happen in the story? Sorry, I don’t want to spoil it.

geo: You have to read it and find out,

Lee: you’ll have to read it. Yeah, that’s a spoil there.

Joe: I hit on

geo: I do think that it made my mind went a little bit like when I’m thinking about time travel and then Okay. So, dark matter.

Joe: Blake Crouch? Yeah.

geo: that show, I really I read the book and saw the show, but that one really freaks me out. ’cause have you read it or seen it?

Lee: Yeah. Both. Both.

geo: because then all of a sudden, because there are all these other timelines, now all of a sudden there is like tons of, there’s a lot more of him. You know what I

mean? Yeah.

But that,

Lee: think they

want like a second [00:16:00] season and a third season and

Joe: I don’t think they were traveling through time, per se.

geo: Okay. I, they were,

Joe: They were all at the, they were all at present time. They were just, they were manipulating the multiverse idea. Not a time. They weren’t going back in time. So the split and you got all the hundreds of

geo: Oh, so

didn’t travel in different times at all. It was all in that same moment.

Joe: And the kind of, the idea they were, the hypothesis idea that they were playing off of was that when you make a conscious decision, then you would split that reality because now they’re, like stroger’s cat, is it alive or dead?

But when you make the observation, it then picks a path, but the other path also could create in a different dimension.

And so in

nick: in a different time where you actually chose

Joe: right. Yep. Exactly. Exactly. And so you would get all these hundreds of people because as you’re making decisions. You would keep splitting yourself and create another dimension.

But a lot of those would still try to come back to the same, so you had all these, I forget his name, trying to [00:17:00] find home. And so every time he made a decision that one and it, their dimension was trying to find home and they just all wound up in his home at some point in time. And so that’s why you had this whole thing, at that they didn’t, they rushed that, in the episodes, I think they really I think it was like eight episodes and it was like, boom, now we have hundreds of people and they’re taking a vote and things like that.

Yep. I don’t wanna spoil that either ’cause that’s,

geo: yeah, that’s fairly new. Sorry.

nick: I honestly don’t think I’d be able to work with myself if I went back in time. I forget everything already, like,

Joe: That would be good though, because you But maybe two of you.

Lee: Yeah, two of you could help each other. Remember what you forget.

nick: The two of us would just be like, what happened? I have no clue what happened.

Joe: the George’s point, you could actually think about it this way. What if you started going back at intervals of a day and picking up your past selves? And let’s keep going

geo: I know. I was gonna say then what if you,

Joe: Nicks

geo: If you didn’t travel back to your [00:18:00] present day, right? And you just kept living in that time, you are only a week behind and then there’s two of you,

Joe: And if you go another week, you got three of you and four, or you can fractionate it even more. So in a week you would have seven. Like I don’t know. We’re now getting crazy.

Your time machine’s gotta be pretty big or however you’re traveling.

nick: lot of handwaving going on with

Joe: A lot of folks in that DeLorean. Time travel is, yeah, a lot of hand wave. And at DeLorean, pack ’em in. You gotta have

geo: so there’s

Joe: a Yukon

geo: are you saying the plausibility of time Travel is very low.

Joe: Yes. We’ve discussed this in a

geo: I actually was not on the time travel episode and I was Yeah. And I wasn’t on the Doctor who episode either.

go.

Joe: So Lee should feel very special that Georgia chose the dress. No, I the book

Lee: read the book. Yeah.

nick: you got fully prepared. Right. That’s a,

Lee: fully

Joe: beat out Nick and I on the reading part and here No, I was gonna say,

Lee: right after this you’re [00:19:00] gonna want to pick it up. the, that’s the

geo: right. that’s right.

Joe: Or finish it. I guess I gotta keep. Plowing through it. Yeah. Yeah, I was gonna say the one show, and it came out in 2019, a movie spike Lee, I don’t know if he was the director or producer, but see you yesterday.

And that had a very similar vibe.

about

that. And that’s the

one

geo: good. Yeah. Where

Joe: her brother is killed through, I think, was it police violence or crime, like some

geo: I know he’s shot,

Joe: incident. He got shot wrongfully it felt like it was this wrong place, wrong time. And so she was an inventor was going back to try to correct that.

And so you had that whole, paradox there that it was almost like everything she was trying would lead to the event or just miss it. And it was a very,

geo: well, it made other horrible things happen.

Joe: So that kind of, that pedestrian

nick: does that also fall under the butterfly effect then?

Joe: a small thing that leads to other changes? I guess you could, yes. [00:20:00] Because if you go, that’s one interesting things about the time travel in my mind that when you go back you almost can’t leave the environment unchanged

nick: you being there.

Joe: That’s right. Yep. Yep. So you would definitely have that happen as

nick: you being there already

Joe: All right. Changes everything.

You’ve introduced just breathing, you’ve introduced stuff contaminate to that timeline, so let’s use that. Contaminant, yes.

You contaminate

geo: you’re bringing back like some weird

Joe: No, you’ve introduced, right?

So you’ve just going there and you’re dander off your skin, breathing your breath into the air, or breathing in.

You’ve now contaminated the timeline

nick: and then whatever pollution that’s different and blah, blah, blah, blah,

Joe: Yeah.

nick: You don’t Well, oh

geo: I don’t know. He’s weird this

nick: I agree with him on this one.

This is a

geo: particular story, he goes back to the same place that he was. So it’s not like he’s going to some foreign land.

Joe: Yeah, [00:21:00] but you yourself, the minute that you step, like in any environment, like when the minute you come into the room, like just like present time, let’s keep it there. You come into the room, you’ve changed the environment

geo: At least you didn’t say I contaminated it.

Joe: Sec, if it was a clean room, you did. So if you come, go into a clean room, you’ve contaminated. So you have contaminated with yourself. We all have as you come in and leave and go and be in the world. So that same principle exists if you time travel and you go back, even go back minutes.

That timeline has been contaminated by a new, similar, but different Georgia that came into that

timeline. That make sense? Yeah. Lee, what do you guys say? Are you,

Lee: Also that’s what creates a good story. If there was a way to go back in time and nothing was altered, there’d be no stories about time travel. In every story something gets affected, which causes something else to get effective, et cetera. I think in my [00:22:00] books. It’s like they try to do as little as possible with affecting the most change for them and not for a global atmosphere.

But they’re not successful at that either. Like, like of course they’re gonna do something that’s gonna create a bigger kind of effect and change.

Joe: a ripple effect

Lee: Yeah. And in the

second book, they go back in the second book, they go back into the nineties

to fix their family, so their family has issues.

So they go back in time when the issues began for the parents. And then it was just a fun way to go back to 1999. So

Did it.

geo: So did you think a lot about the plausibility or the science or was that something Yeah,

Lee: I definitely read a lot of time travel books. I watched a lot of movies that connected to it. Some of the ones that you mentioned, Joe, like 12 Monkeys. But also because the books are, adults have been reading them and honestly probably more than kids, but I really wanted to keep the the age, like 12 and up.

[00:23:00] So I didn’t wanna do too much, like I didn’t wanna overload 12 year olds with any kind of mathematics or anything that would bore me.

I kinda left out it. yeah.

Yeah. I think there’s nods to certain things here and there. He reads I might be mispronouncing it, but Godell, who is like a philosopher or scientist about time travel.

So that’s the passcode that he uses. So little things here and there, I kinda added into the books. But I’m not so smart in, in terms of science, math, but I didn’t wanna yeah, I didn’t wanna bite off more than I could chew in terms of

nick: You didn’t want a 14-year-old scrolling on the floor. All the mathematics of. The

Lee: Didn’t wanna. Yeah. Yeah. I didn’t want a 14-year-old being like, this guy doesn’t know what he is talking about.

geo: But it, kind of as simple as possible,

In general there, the sciences, there isn’t a lot of science.

Lee: Yeah. We have not traveled back in

Joe: No one’s done it.

nick: that we know of.

Joe: Yeah.

Lee: that we know of. That’s true.

Joe: Yes. No, that’s,

Lee: for the most part it’s speculation and, that’s good for a fictional author. [00:24:00] Like when there’s stuff that’s only been speculated, you could make things up as you go. It’s why writing sci-fi is fun.

nick: Just to be able to have that freedom of the unknown and

Lee: Yeah. Yeah. I’m creating worlds and like I said, most of my books are thrillers, but I’m more interested in moving towards. Sci-fi, the one I’m working on now has a little kind of like horror bent to it, but a little

supernatural. Yeah. Yeah. I wanna play around with it. I might do it under a pen name though, and then have separate.

Joe: from your, yeah.

nick: Is

that gonna be a ya a book as well or is it gonna be

Lee: No I don’t think I’m doing Y again. I think this is it. Yeah, you’re limited, there’s certain things you can’t do and I mostly write more disturbing thrillers. So I had to play a little, almost too nice for these where I want to go back to what I like to do.

geo: And I do think this had a lot more edge and it was the, but one of my favorite books when I was little and this [00:25:00] I’m somewhat dating myself, but also it was a really old book even then.

But have you ever heard of Homer Price?

Lee: That sounds familiar.

Joe: Yes.

geo: And I love those books, Homer Price and they’re illustrated by the guy that, that wrote that book Make Way for Ducklings.

Do you know that?

Lee: Okay.

nick: No.

geo: favorite make Way for Ducklings. No.

we might, we probably have that back there. No, but anyway,

Joe: It’s a time travel book.

geo: Anyways, I love the illustrations, but it’s like this kid, and he lives in a pretty rural area, but then it, like, all the little stories in it are things that happen and he has to solve these little mysteries and stuff.

So it really, it, I don’t know why it, it brought that to mind when I read ’cause there was something of a, there was an innocence to it,

Lee: yeah. Yeah, I wanted also, thank you. I wanted like a nostalgia factor and especially with the sequel the sequel kind of was when I was in high school, so like they go back to. At the [00:26:00] time that I remembered really well in terms of when I was that age. So yeah, I think anytime, a book connects you to nostalgia.

My favorite books as a kid were ULA and the Celery Stocks at Midnight by Deborah and James Howe about the kind of vampire bunny.

geo: oh yes. Okay.

Lee: those are my favorite

Joe: Very neat. I was gonna say,

Lee: adventure

Joe: Go ahead Lee. What was that

Lee: I’m saying and all the choose your own adventure

Joe: Yeah.

geo: Oh yeah,

definitely bump.

nick: Goosebump C Cho adventures were so good.

Joe: Yeah,

Lee: so I just was on a panel that I moderated last week at Thriller Fest and RL Stein was on the panel from

geo: Oh, that’s so fun.

Lee: was the best. He was like, we’re just gonna treat it like a standup comedy routine. And I was like, all

geo: that’s so fun.

Lee: Yeah, no, he was really funny. And he is very sweet. Yeah.

Joe: Yeah.

That’s cool. Your second guest that was on that.

was

in conversation

with Oh yeah,

Earl Stein. Yeah.

Lee: Oh yeah.

nick: about

that. Yeah.

Yeah. Jonathan Mayberry was had to [00:27:00] reschedule one of our recordings to go do an interview with

Joe: a

geo: he was doing An event.

Yeah. In

Joe: In conversation with,

geo: Stein.

Joe: or Earl Stein. Yeah. No, look at that.

He is

geo: I think we need

to get Stein on

Joe: Yeah. The universe is speaking to us. Our time travel from the future. I was gonna say we were talking about research and things and one that came to mind was the, I guess a mockumentary the history of time

geo: Oh, that was really good. Is

nick: that what mark du plus,

Joe: don’t, I don’t know who was in it. Yeah. It was the whole thing was about the creation of the time machine. And so this group, a group of or scientists makes a time machine and uses it, and then every time they use it. You see all these changes.

So like the Russians get to the moon first, or in technology, like the first

geo: it was really, it was a very clever

Joe: because the background,

Lee: was the name again?

Joe: The history of time travel.

Lee: History of

Joe: Time travel. it was

like, I think it was like 20 14, 20 15. Somewhere in that

ballpark.

geo: little [00:28:00] Easter eggs that were subtle, but like the pictures on the wall would then change when they’re like

Joe: or like the video game consoles that they use to build the time machine with to control it.

You start and you keep seeing it modify and yeah, it was, and then they go back to destroy the plans ’cause it’s ruining everything. So you have this whole

geo: yeah, it was really good

Joe: And then it, yeah, I don’t wanna spoil

geo: Yeah. Don’t spoil it.

nick: I think the one I was thinking of was safety not guaranteed with Mark

Lee: Oh, that’s a good one.

nick: And Rey Plaza,

Lee: I’ll be pause it. Yeah.

Joe: Yeah.

nick: Guy puts an ad in was gonna say about the ad. Yeah, Okay. Yeah.

Joe: Yep.

nick: yeah.

Was was definitely one of those time travel movies where I’m like, oh, that’s really good. Fun little adventure, trying to build a time machine as well. And everyone thinks he’s crazy.

He might be right. Mm-hmm.

Joe: We could just

Lee: That I love primer. It’s about

nick: Yes.

Lee: 20 years ago, I wanna say. Yeah, it was a small movie. I’m forgetting the director’s name. [00:29:00] Shane. Shane something. But it’s really good if you’re able I don’t even know if you could find it like beyond, probably like on DVD or something. But it’s great.

Joe: Yeah.

We’ll put

it in

nick: watch it on YouTube and

it’s

$3.

Lee: true.

nick: Oh,

geo: nice.

nick: Uh, Shane Cirth. Kth.

Lee: Yeah, with a C. Yeah.

nick: Is

Lee: then he did another movie that was like just as weird, not as good, but also interesting. And then that was it.

nick: Yeah. Primer was definitely one of those that were like, whoa. And

Joe: didn’t see

Lee: And probably made for $200,000. Like it was

really well made for how cheap it was.

nick: And still underrated,

Lee: Yeah, no, completely. Completely.

nick: my train of thought for a second. ’cause I kept thinking of primer.

Joe: Let’s go back.

Lee: That’s fair.

That’s

nick: like,

Joe: We got time travel back.

A couple

nick: all [00:30:00] brought me back on that movie and I’m like, Ooh.

Joe: I was gonna, I was gonna mention, ’cause we it came up in the conversation but just time travel the mind.

And how that can be a form of time travel where you don’t, it’s all just a construct. ’cause your brain can fa fast forward and imagine events, but also in the past you know it, which is somewhat corruptible. And so just in your own head, you could have a whole time travel esque story where you’re, in this loop, this mental loop of time travel.

And you have that. I don’t know if, I don’t think there’s any stories like that where you’re

nick: 51st Dates

Joe: That’s a,

I guess it would

nick: yep. 51st states

falls into that

geo: now what are you saying that you keep reliving something in your right.

Joe: not necessarily reliving it, but that the time travel component is more mental than almost in your brain than being [00:31:00] a physical manifestation of you traveling back into the past or into the future.

nick: which I.

I would think that 51st dates is Drew Barry Moore’s character is time traveling every day. She wakes up then.

geo: is that like Groundhogs Day?

nick: No.

What

she gets hit in the

Joe: Groundhog’s Day is a form of time travel.

he is time traveling back to the beginning of the day. but just keeps repeating and repeating. Keeps

it. He just keeps repeating

one day. Just over and over.

nick: Yeah.

Joe: And maintaining the knowledge of

nick: The previous day. 24 hours. Yeah.

Yeah. Previous experience.

Joe: Previous experience. There’s another one where they were stuck in a hotel. There’s been a few like that.

Lee: Oh

Joe: They were in, in a

Lee: yeah, with Andy Sandberg.

nick: palms.

No. Was

Lee: That one was great. Yeah. Palm Springs was that.

nick: was that it? I wanted to say that, but I was

Lee: was, it was like at the pandemic when it

came.

So like, it was

But I don’t have a memory around it.

Joe: It was like, oh, it was like time travel the

Lee: it was [00:32:00] really good. It

was,

Joe: right? Yeah. That was good. I’ll look it up and get that in the show notes too. A lot of good movies for time travel.

nick: Oh, a hundred percent. Like it’s such a

Lee: fun one to an argument, you could make an argument that every time you have a memory, technically it’s time travel.

nick: Yeah, I And that, that was the case of the

geo: the, and

Lee: Every memory you’re going back in, in time.

Joe: You are.

Lee: Even if the memory changed,

Joe: you do you will corrupt memories. So as you access memories, you can rewrite ’em. They’re not fixed in time. So it’s every time you pull a file out, you can make an edit, then put it back, and then when you pull it out again you go, oh, it was blue.

We, it was, we were driving a blue car Right,

it was red. So did you, to that point, did you time travel in a blue car? But now you’re in this, now in this

other timeline.

nick: E even sense can help can take you back in time.

Lee: Oh, yeah.

nick: Oui where the critic,

He had the oui and he was like,

And he

Joe: I think OU [00:33:00] has put a little bit of crack in his food.

Lee: they have said

that like.

nick: poison.

Joe: I think he was like, oh yeah,

ahead.

nick: say, Lee? I’m sorry.

Lee: Say, I can’t remember if what they say about deja vu is that deja vu. Oh, I not, this connects to dark matter. The deja vu could be a memory almost of a different slight multiverse of where you’ve Just the same, but something’s like a little off.

nick: So it’s that split in, thought process then. All right, one of us is doing this, but the other one is doing this.

Joe: Or, we’re in the matrix.

nick: Yes. Or it’s a glitch.

geo: could, it.

could be a simulation, say

Joe: deja vu,

Lee: Yeah. Look, it could be everything. We could be in a simulation that’s time traveling

Joe: Time travel, yes.

Lee: It itself, in a black hole again and again. Yeah. You don’t know?

geo: And then when you were talking about memories, it made me think of [00:34:00] the mento because in a way, he time traveled because he forgot everything and then had to go back and figure

Joe: 51st dates? Yes.

nick: Barrymore,

Joe: Yeah.

geo: I think I saw, I think I saw that.

Joe: And you keep going back to that Same. I can’t remember if I’ve seen that movie or not. I don’t think I’ve

nick: It’s been years and a half, but for some reason that movie popped movie mind. It stuck

geo: with It Stuck with you?

Lee: It’s a well-known movie. Yeah. It’s a beloved

movie.

nick: don’t know if it popped up on

Joe: they don’t describe it as a time travel movie, but I think they should. It probably would be more popular.

dunno. Adam Sandler? I don’t know how popular his movies are nowadays.

shoot. What? Laying a Shade down on,

nick: Sand, it’s not his nineties films where it was like, oh, every one of those was a hit. Yeah. Barrymore.

Lee: 50. First date was probably like the beginning of the end, yeah. Then he got a Netflix deal and he just started cranking him out

nick: oh yeah he’s

Lee: and like more power [00:35:00] to him, like I’m sure they paid him $50 million to do nothing.

nick: I would you get to hang out with your friends all day and Yeah,

Lee: Happy Gilmore too is coming out. I don’t have high hopes,

geo: that’s probably it.

Joe: with? Chris Rock and

nick: oh, grownups.

Joe: Grownups.

yeah. Then grownups

Lee: grownups. Yeah. Billy Madison is a classic. That was great. The weddings,

nick: the wedding

Joe: Wedding singer,

nick: Now we’re just time traveling through

Joe: The water boy. Yeah. There it

geo: we’re all reminiscing.

Joe: oh, remember when?

geo: I,

Lee: He and Chris Farley used to do this sketch on Saturday Night Live where they were like an old married, like couple, and they would read the GATS reviews and then just like shit on all the reviews. And it might be my favorite thing

nick: But

Lee: Chris Farley played the wife

she was like the positive one, and Adam Sandler was like the cranky, like old man.

geo: awesome.

nick: Oh, those were fun [00:36:00] ones. I miss those. But for I honestly think that there can be some kind of. Mental time travel though. Like I feel like out of all of them, that one might be the one that I can Get behind and being like,

go.

This is in the realm of plausibility

Joe: except I think it, when you start going down that road it’s your memory versus everyone else’s memory, right?

Yes. And so that becomes,

nick: because what was that movie with Jim Carrey?

He was a erasing Memories.

geo: Oh

Joe: Sunshine of a Spotless Mind.

nick: Would that be considered a time travel movie then?

Joe: I don’t

know if it’s time you,

nick: going back in his mind and

Joe: in his mind,

the way the movie was filmed and the story was told, you do have a lot of flashbacks where you’re going and you at some points in that movie, and it’s been a little bit since I watched it, but you were you were questioning where you’re in present.

’cause they almost fell back in love again. Because all their members are erased. Then they went back, so they reset and then they [00:37:00] fell in love. So you really didn’t have, you’re right, it was more mental. ’cause they didn’t chronologically go back, six months to the beginning of the relationship.

They just met each other and it was that kind of chemistry re-sparked and they had, they moved forward from there. So in some ways, yes, they reset. It’s

geo: It’s more of the talking about it like, like memories. Obviously

was saying yeah.

nick: of all of them, I think the memory one is in the realm of possibility.

Joe: That’s not a true chronological, you’re not really. Going back. I, in some ways you are, but you’re not really

nick: but trying to relive those memories in your head, that other person isn’t there.

So it’s changing your history.

Lee: Yeah,

nick: It’s just on a more

Lee: time travel element. There’s definitely time travel elements

nick: It’s just a personal time travel where no one else in your life is affected by it.

Other

Lee: There’s also the butterfly effect as well in that one [00:38:00] because their relationship changes due to the memories being erased as well.

geo: Yeah.

nick: Yeah. That’s the one where I’m like, it’s one of those not classified as a time travel, but probably is a time travel film. Like there, there’s so many of those that.

Fall into that category, like 51st dates and momentum. Is Momento considered a time travel movie?

geo: Momento.

Joe: Momento? No. It’s not a

time

geo: No, it’s a more It is his, he has that short term memory loss,

Joe: right?

nick: Which

Going by

geo: oh,

Joe: uhoh.

nick: I’m waving my hands around here and just,

Joe: a lot of hand waving ’em

nick: Yeah.

full hands tonight.

Joe: I was gonna say that we’re talking about.

Going in back into the past, but really that theoretically the math suggests you’ll actually be able to go forward

In time,[00:39:00]

nick: I think going forward is a better idea than going to the past. Like personally, I don’t think there’s anything in the past that I’m like, yes, I need to go to that.

Joe: There’s a lot of bad stuff in the past. Yeah. That I’d wanna

geo: And so you are hopeful that you are hopeful that the future may be better?

nick: Or I’m just dead in space. I don’t know.

Space.

Joe: in space.

nick: Yeah. If you go for

Joe: Hopefully you’ve done the math and you calculated Yeah. Where you need to land. Because you’re right If you miscalculate, then you’re are moving. Yes. You’ll be in a wall. Like you’re off a little bit. You’re just in a wall now can someone get me outta the drywall please?

nick: I’ve been splitting two.

Joe: Yeah. Why is someone, why is our walls talking all of a sudden? Sounds like Nick. No, I, so I think forward time travel, but it’s maybe not as interesting.

I don’t know. Maybe that’s why. ’cause usually either you’re forward time traveling, you learn something, oh man, [00:40:00] this meteorites gonna smash into the earth. And then you go back to convince people that you’re not, crazy and

you

geo: a Terminator,

Lee: Yeah.

Joe: Like Terminator. But they, when the machine is trying to kill you, I don’t know if you need a lot of convincing, not.

There’s a sophisticated AI machine hell bent to kill humans. Or

Sarah Kana

Lee: two.

Joe: particular.

Lee: Terminator two is still one of the greatest movies ever

nick: Yes,

geo: I think so. I love

Lee: just perfect. It looks fantastic. It like,

Joe: Yeah.

Lee: tens across the board.

Joe: when I was, this goes to, we’ve had this discussion about movies where the sequel is as good or better than the original. The first movie in the series. And I think the consensus we

Lee: one is great, but Terminator

Joe: two is, yep. Alien Aliens.

nick: Nope, we disagree with that one.

Joe: Superman.

Lee: Those are both good in their own

Joe: as good, [00:41:00] and I was going to say the discussion, Nick and I, we’ve come to some agreement I think, is that usually when you have that.

Is that the style of the movie changes,

it

off. So you have, alien was a horror, aliens was action. I think you can say the same thing about Terminator and Terminator two. Terminator one was more almost a horror thriller. And two was as action. It was, so you have that, the split between the movies and I think it is, it’s really, it’s well done.

I think if you’re writing a sequel, that’s a good way to go is to

Lee: Yeah. And then smart because it keeps enough of it the same, but also takes it in a different direction. So I think the audience wants something a little bit new from a sequel. So I feel like whenever they do that and do that right, it tends to be

Joe: Yeah. Yeah.

Lee: A lot of times they do it wrong though.

Like in the sequel, like I just saw yesterday, I saw that the Megan

sequel

Joe: yeah, I heard it.

Lee: That was an terrible movie.

Yeah.

nick: I forgot. That was already,

Joe: right. Yeah. [00:42:00] Yeah,

nick: I liked the first one. I just have not

Lee: one was fun and dumb, and then second one is like a full action movie and it’s just doesn’t work.

It’s

Joe: I think you, you have that with Slashers genre in general. You know that the second one is usually he just goes all

geo: or do you mean the 10th one

Joe: or to Yes.

Depending on the But I wanted it camper. Like I wanted,

Lee: Feel like that movie worked the best. It was leaning into its stupidity. Yeah.

But this one would have moments and then it would like veer from

Joe: Start taking yourself serious. Then you

Lee: A little bit. Like it had something to say about ai. It was like, I really need that from you, Megan.

Joe: Yeah.

Don’t need it.

Lee: we’re good. Just Yeah.

geo: we already know we’re

screwed.

Lee: Yes, it was. It was a Megan Ted talk. That was the vibe.

Joe: it is. They should lead with that. And that probably would get ’em some more fans.

Lee: Yeah.

Yeah.

Joe: No. Yeah. I think, yeah, forward time travel’s interesting. But yeah, the [00:43:00] storylines

nick: yeah.

geo: Yeah. So if you had to pick one, you would pick forward.

nick: Yeah. I have zero reason to go to the past. There’s nothing good back

Joe: Yeah. Yeah. Lee, how about yourself?

Where you

Lee: don’t know. I don’t know if I want to like to know the future and then have to deal with it. I don’t know.

nick: I just know going forward in time, you’re gonna either a die because of whatever kind of diseases are there now, or B, bring diseases that you already have now in the present

Lee: You’ll contaminate. You’ll fully

geo: go

Joe: contaminate to the

nick: the, you’re the,

Joe: so I, the question, and we will come, I’ll ask Lee and we can, George and I can answer, but how far are you going?

nick: Oh

Lee: If we’re already doing it, let me go like far, like I don’t want to go like 20 years. Let me really see 500 years

Joe: You are like time machine, like you’re going 10,000

Lee: yeah. Like

Joe: You’re

nick: I want 1000 years in the future. Thank you. Go full Futurama.

Lee: about right.

Joe: And hope your bank is still exists,

like, you know

nick: exactly.

geo: Like in Futurama, right?

Joe: Yeah.[00:44:00]

nick: We’re Fry going fu

Joe: I’m a billionaire.

nick: The full Futurama. How much is my interest now?

Joe: Yeah, so you’re going forward a thousand years, Georgia you did, you

geo: I don’t

nick: Lee’s going 5,000. Lee.

Joe: Lee, you said 500 or 5,000.

Lee: Yeah. That 5,000 might be,

yeah, like

Joe: forward, you’re

Lee: 500 and a thousand enough where it’s different. But I don’t want like Sea

Joe: Yeah,

Lee: Earth or any, yeah.

Joe: but so you’re going forward not backwards. Is your

Lee: For me.

Yeah,

I don’t know. I’ve written historical books, so Sure. I think it’d be cool to, like we were talking before about the Alaskan gold rush, like to go to an or. I’ve spent so much time researching. I feel like that would be really interesting. But yeah, sure. Let me go a thousand years in the

Joe: Future.

Okay. So we’re there. Yeah. ’cause going back to the gold rush, it seems like a hard life, even if you’re just

Lee: Really cold, like

Joe: like the vacation you don’t really want, like you

Lee: It’s not so much a vacation, like killing bear and eating bear and

Joe: [00:45:00] a, yeah. That’s a rough, that’s a

Lee: Let me go to a spot in the future if that.

Joe: There it is.

geo: gosh, I don’t know. That’s really tough because I feel like you’re really like just totally

no

control.

nick: Hopefully in the future.

they’ll have a Westworld type thing going

geo: No, It’s called Future world.

Joe: Future world

nick: Yeah. No, but I, in the future, I want a Westworld type.

Joe: Oh, I see. Yeah. You want to go to the future for the Yeah.

nick: That way I don’t have to deal with all the stuff of the past

geo: But you can experience it.

Joe: All right.

geo: Interesting. But you do know some of the complications that happened?

nick: bad happens. I don’t know what, I’d never, I didn’t finish the show, don’t worry. I can guarantee nothing it was a movie I’m actually going back to the 19th, whatever. Was it seventies?

Joe: You were going back to the seventies?

geo: No, not in the time. Travel. In the, talking about Westworld. Whenever the Westworld movie

Lee: Oh.

Joe: So you want, [00:46:00] so you, instead of Westworld, you want to go back to seventies?

geo: No, I, no.

Joe: Seventies world.

Lee: You want there to be a seventies world to go back

Joe: right. Yeah. So you go in the future to go back to the an

geo: I think that you guys

Lee: their version of the seventies, be a skewed version. It would be, real, but not fully real.

geo: I

dunno. I think I’d have fun. And it’d be more like if you could just go to different times. Yeah. Do you know what I mean? Not,

and just

hang out a little

Lee: you don’t have to

pick

geo: what I’m saying,

like I, I think there’s some moments in history I would love to go to and just hang out, it’d be really cool.

But if it’s only one thing, one way I don’t know. Because you’re really like putting up so much to chance about going,

Forward. I don’t know.

Joe: Yeah,

geo: I don’t know if I can decide.

Joe: You don’t Dunno if you Boo.

that’s a lot of hand waving on there. I don’t know.

nick: Joe, what about you? Where are you going?

Joe: I’m [00:47:00] with Nick. I don’t really, I a

A person of color going back into the past, there’s not a lot of super great stops. So I, some it might be interesting for a little bit, but then you gotta deal with everything else. So yeah, probably I would punch my ticket to the future and I don’t know, I dunno if I would go super far. Like I see the point let’s just go hundreds and

nick: Like I want the future with flying cars. Like

Lee: Yeah.

nick: just we were promised this future and we do not

Joe: We have, there’s, there’s cars that can get you up in the air. That, that exists now.

nick: we’re,

geo: but it’s not like the Jetsons.

Joe: I don’t know if I want

Lee: Element. Yeah,

Joe: yeah. The fifth element I, and we drive with people with four wheels on the ground and they have trouble. So do you really wanna be in the air with people like zipping around like that? So if AI is controlling the flying cars and we just sit back and chill, then I’m for that.

But if people being, people are flying around in , 1500 pounds of metal[00:48:00]

and jet fuel, I’m gonna pass on that.

Lee: Disaster. More like minority report.

nick: I’m okay with that. Like that cyberpunk

Joe: Yeah. Thought police. I don’t know. I feel this going 10 years. 10 years up. 10

years.

’cause what can happen then? See, I’m still 10 years younger, but I’ll meet my 10 year older and then we can do stuff. We can like,

nick: wait, what kind of stuff are you trying to do with

Joe: into it? I

nick: get into it.

Joe: Why? Take over the world

nick: Oh. Oh, okay.

Lee: Oh

Joe: Not what are you guys talking about?

Stop it.

nick: drama. The way you were talking about it, I’m like,

Joe: No, we were talking about earlier about having your, yourself as your partner in crime or in Ah,

nick: Ah, trying to y you Yeah. Time looped it back around.

geo: wants to ti he wants to team up with

Joe: that’s

right. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I guess I can go back 10 years. I go plus and minus 10. Just [00:49:00] this wheel of that the spinny and go the price is right.

I

geo: exactly when I would go back to,

Joe: yeah.

See now I’ve opened up a whole nother thing.

You get to go back and actually team up with yourself, like maybe your 25-year-old self, just go back and be like let’s get this done.

Let’s

do,

geo: are you, your, you 50-year-old

self?

Joe: The only reason I don’t wanna go back was because I was like, either I’m stopping at poor postdoc, poor grad student, poor undergrad, and none of that is there’s no capital to do anything.

So I figured if I go 10 years forward, hopefully I’ve, I have some capital. I’m not paying tuition anymore for kids or anything like that, and I’ve stockpiled some money and then now I come with my still youthful. Excitement about the future. I show up and we make it happen. I guess I could be a poor older also

nick: because

then you’re just changing the whole future for yourself.

Yeah. So then the you that exist now

Joe: I would, I, if we have time to prepare, if we have time to [00:50:00] prepare, I’m gonna get my country wisdom. And

nick: you’re gonna go live in the woods

Joe: no,

I would do things like if I, if you go you gotta go live and you can’t come back, then I would take things of value, so I would probably go get gold wire and things like that.

That would be a commodity to trade and sell. Very fixed things, but still light. So thin it up and then go, and then you have,

geo: Or would you get all the sports stats and then,

Joe: Oh, okay. Back to the future.

Lee: Sure. Yeah.

Joe: I don’t think, you’re going into the future. You’re, if you’re going in

geo: I’m saying if you’re going

Joe: are you getting?

geo: No, I’m saying you, I’ll never

nick: for you, you would end up going with sports stats, so you can

Joe: Yeah, but I’m going into the future. They’re no good. I got

nothing. One, I’m

like past too.

I said if I, if you go in the past, maybe, but you,

geo: yeah.

Obviously in the future people would be like, who cares? Who won the World

Joe: right. 30 years ago?

In 2025, the winner’s gonna be what? What do you mean it happened already? Oh

nick: wait. When am I

geo: like [00:51:00] this. I like this. A story of the time travel going wrong. Kinda.

Joe: You go, you show up, you’re like, oh, I’m going, I’m gonna go 10 years in the past with all these facts and figures you spent years memorizing and then you get in and you show up and you’re 10 years.

Plus just like

nick: who am I? What am I? Where am I?

Joe: Yeah, that would be

nick: I That would be the luck too. I’m going to the past. When am I the future?

Joe: you just spent all this time memorizing. Yeah, that would really suck. I’d feel bad for this person.

nick: I think it’d be really funny. Like I can’t wait to see that movie.

Joe: There it is, Lee, do you have any events or anything you wanna plug? You got your book, the two books you

Lee: yeah, I’ll be at Voucher Con, which is like the mystery thriller writer convention. The first week of September in New Orleans. Yeah.

Joe: cool.

geo: Very cool.

nick: What

Lee: I’m coming off like the second book?

is called Time Fixtures.

’cause they go back in [00:52:00] Time to Fix Time.

nick: Sorry. I, it’s been bugging me. I’m like, I don’t think you’ve said it. And I don’t know the name of it. Two points.

geo: Let’s fix that

Joe: miles

Lee: Oh, there you

nick: We’ll go back. Don’t worry.

Joe: Yes. Post edit.

It’s like

Lee: And yeah, it takes place in, in 1999. Like I said.

Joe: Nice.

geo: That’s awesome. ’cause then everyone’s worried about Y

Lee: Yeah, there’s a little bit of kind of Y2K paranoia and disc man, there’s a lot of kind of the music from that era.

geo: That’s really cool.

Joe: Yeah. But VH one is still, they had the, remember they showed they played party like 1999 by Prince On Loop

geo: for 24 hours.

24

Joe: hours. Yeah. It was like that. They still showed music videos, but they just had it on a loop. And

so,

nick: Wait. Hold on. What. VH one shows music videos.

Joe: They did? Yes.

geo: Can you

believe

Lee: that way.

Same tv.

Yeah.

Joe: Yeah. No,

Lee: One, it was [00:53:00] It was not just for teen

moms. I feel like they should bring it back music videos

Joe: you do.

like on, on Apple Music, music videos For songs like that, people still make

music videos. Yeah, but they’re not, yeah, they’re not as, there’s not TV for it, but They do it.

Yeah. They still make, but you’re right. Yeah. That was a heyday because people, they would try to outdo each other with their music videos and

Lee: I, yeah, I definitely grew up where I would watch MTV

Joe: Yep.

Lee: I forget the name of the show. It was the Request Quest. Yeah.

Joe: No, yeah. That was the life I was in.

geo: See, you can go back.

Joe: you can go, I

geo: You can go back,

Joe: be

creeping on

Lee: to,

Joe: creeping at college. Some the who’s this strange old man in the lobby watching

geo: TVI

nick: remember,

these days this song’s gonna be a hit in 15 years. I

Joe: I bet you this one’s gonna hit the top billboard. Come on, let’s get those bets.

I

geo: feel like something really bad’s [00:54:00] gonna happen if you’re older. Self goes, visits your young self. Actually, there was that movie that was really good. My old butt or

Joe: Oh, my, yeah.

The

Lee: my old

ass.

Joe: old

geo: my old ass.

My old

Lee: Yeah,

geo: I dunno.

Joe: The young adult version.

geo: But

That was really good.

I really liked

Lee: right where she’s on mushrooms

and yeah,

Joe: it was like mental

Lee: No, another Aubrey Plaza movie. Yeah

nick: Aubrey Plaza for the Win. she gonna be our time travel queen?

Joe: There we go.

Maybe.

Lee: But it’s,

geo: we’ll give award.

Lee: movies. There might be another one.

Joe: Yeah.

geo: But there was like, obviously Demi Moore being with her, like there could be some really bad consequences.

You’re like the nevermind.

Joe: Oh, you mean like substance? Yeah.

Lee: Wow.

Joe: But I think in that one it was more mental time travel, and I got back to that.

That’s another one

probably I would throw in, because you’re right, she was tripping on the shrooms and then she would have, she would see her older self.

nick: Is this the second episode this year? [00:55:00] We’ve talked about drugs and doing things with science.

Joe: I don’t know.

geo: Oh, I think there’s a lot more we could talk about.

Joe: There’s a lot

more we can

talk about.

nick: We’re gonna have It’s a lot that go hand in.

drugs, could do a whole

Joe: A whole

geo: episode

Joe: there. You heard in Air Force

nick: prepare for season three of the drug episode.

geo: Oh, what was the other show we watched? That was a series. Oh shoot. The, and they’re newspaper delivery and it’s based on the graphic novels

Joe: Paper Girl,

geo: Is that what it’s called? Paper?

Joe: Girl.

Yeah.

nick: What

Joe: it was four Girls

on Bicycles

geo: oh, and then that was a really good

Joe: Yeah, that was had some time travel. I was gonna say, for all of mankind, the Apple plus one, did they

geo: Did they time travel?

Joe: It’s an alternate. Reality.

geo: It’s an alternate reality. But nobody time travel.

Joe: mean it is time travel.

Okay, nevermind. That’s a whole different but I But it is ’cause there’s an alternate reality. But you’re right, it’s not time travel. Nevermind. I’ll scratch that. I’ll edit it [00:56:00] out

nick: No, leave it in.

Joe: I’m taking it out.

it’s Like

the Brussels sprouts. It’s gone. Yeah. Cool. I think that’s we’ve gone in and out around a lot of different

nick: We loop de looped it,

Joe: looped, de looped it, we wormhole it.

nick: Thank you so much, Lee, for coming on the show today.

Lee: Thank you so much for having me. Yeah, no, it’s a pleasure.

Joe: definitely. So

geo: and I’m looking forward to reading the second one. Yeah. Yeah. Let me know what, you, let me know what you think and yes, let me know what you think about the first one

Joe: Yeah, will do.

nick: I

actually didn’t realize that it was a young adult’s book until you said it.

I’m like, oh man. This is just an easy read. I like it.

Lee: I’ll take

it. a easy read.

nick: I just oh,

geo: my favorite books are young adult

nick: They’re just a nice breeze to oh, it’s an enjoyable read and.

Lee: Yeah, that was why I wanted to write them. I, like I said, I write more disturbing thrillers and I wanted a break from that. Yeah. The second one I think I wrote in like a [00:57:00] couple weeks. Like it

bad. Yeah. Yeah.

geo: Yeah, no, I, and I think that the character really for being that short time period, I think that character really matured and there was some more heavy things that came out later in the book. You know what I mean?

Lee: You’re dealing with the mom’s mental health, which becomes a big part of the second book and why they go back in time to fix her. Yeah the, with all young adult books, you need like issues to

geo: right. Definitely.

nick: Hell yeah. All right.

Joe: Yeah, you have me, Joe,

nick: You got Nick.

Joe: We’ve got Nick

Lee: Ali. And thank you again, Lee, and

Joe: and

nick: we went down some timey time

Joe: again and

again and

again.

nick: we went down some ttimeyhole

Joe: And again.

Stay safe out there when you time travel.

Love y’all.

Transcript: Fantastic 4 series: Episode 40: Mr. Fantastic (Reed Richards): Stretching:

Click link to listen or search Rabbit Hole of Research where you find your other podcasts:
EP 40: Mr. Fantastic (Reed Richards): Stretching
What would it actually take for a human body to stretch like Mr. Fantastic? Maria Dowell, MD joins us to explore the fascinating, terrifying, and biologically implausible science of stretching.

Transcript:

joe: [00:00:00] Hey, welcome back to the Rabbit Hole of Research down here in the basement studio hanging out. We’re bringing you the last of the Fantastic four Super series. This is, we’ll be covering all things stretchy,

nick: very stretchy

joe: Mr.

Fantastic. Himself. Himself. We are almost crewed up. You have me, Joe.

nick: You got Nick.

joe: got

nick: We’ve got Nick.

We got the foot of Georgia here.

joe: We’ve got,

I don’t know what that means, but

nick: she stretched away.

joe: she stretched away. I get it. Oh, I get it.

maria: and she left her foot.

nick: Yeah. She just, wanted to act like she was Still here.

joe: And we have our special guest.

nick: Wait. Hello there.

maria: Hello.

Hi, I’m Maria Dowell. I’m a pulmonologist at Northwestern and Laurie Children’s.

joe: Awesome. There we go. So people have been asking for someone to keep us sharp and on point with anatomy, and here we are. We deliver [00:01:00] on Reed Richard. Mr. Fantastic.

Just a little background if you’ve been following the series or if you’re new, the Fantastic four are fictional superhero team created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.

First appearing in Fantastic Four, number one in 1961 from Marvel Comics. They were considered Marvel’s first superhero team of the modern era and help establish the more human, flawed and family driven style that defined Marvel storytelling. And a little more at sci-fi as we learned from some of our guests.

As I said, this is the fourth in the series, so episode 37 we had Nick Linsky. Talking about Sue Storm and invisibility, episode 38. We had Jonathan Mayberry talking about Ben Grime, the thing and strong skin. Episode 39. We had Dr. David Pincus, Johnny Storm, human Torch, spontaneous Combustion, and now we’ll be talking about Mr.

Fantastic Reed. Richard himself, [00:02:00]

the man of The fan, the group leader. He’s a scientific genius who can stretch his body into incredible shapes and lengths. He’s also a reckless scientist. He took his team and flew them into the cosmic

nick: I think reckless is a little bit of a

maria: experimental,

nick: them

maria: adventurous.

joe: But okay, we’ll touch this again ’cause I’m always a little like consent there because he just said, get in the ship, we’re gonna go check out some cosmic rays. And I don’t think he explained what could happen, but we usually open with a

definition, a little grounding open. And so I’ll do that, and then we get into it.

I do have a list, but this one here. So what does it mean to stretch in science? Stretching is a form of mechanical deformation. When a material is pulled beyond its original length, storing or dissipating energy in the process, and biology, stretching is dy. Stretching is the dynamic response of living tissues like muscle skin and connective fibers to tension [00:03:00] driven by proteins like elastin and collagen that determine whether a body snaps back or gives way.

But stretching is more than physical. It’s metaphorical and fiction. Stretchable characters like Mr. Fantastic Elastic girl, plastic man turn flexibility into superpower, embodying, adaptability, resilience, and transformation. They just don’t change shape. They change meaning. And today on this episode, we’re going to try and understand the biology and the science behind one of comic’s.

Most hand W Powers.

nick: hand wa

maria: I know.

nick: Whoa.

joe: Whoa. One of the most hand wa on powers.

nick: I don’t You say that every

joe: episode? No, I And this one,

every

nick: every

episode you’re like,

this

has an unreasonable

level of

handwaving.

joe: This one is up there.

nick: I don’t know about that, Joe.

maria: Human torch is not hand wm.

joe: Oh, I didn’t say it wasn’t that I,

maria: Oh, I, see.

Okay. I’m saying this is probably even, this might be more than the human torch

Okay. It’s on the spectrum.

joe: on the spectrum. It’s on the spectrum, yeah. And we actually I thought about it and I didn’t think about [00:04:00] the list, but I think we went in order of probably hand wa

real, realization, the hand waving on from percentage wise, I think invisibility, we probably can make someone invisible, mechanically or whatever.

There’s a path and we do that with materials. Strong skin. I think we talked about a few things. the human torch, was just a episode

nick: We were able to prove that to be able,

joe: we did, we got to some workable

nick: I think we’re gonna come to the same

joe: I don’t know.

nick: dunno. And

joe: We’ll

nick: gonna be like, wow, this is the most

probable

one out of all of ’em.

joe: I just think from a biological standpoint the reason is that with the human torch, what we did there was limit it to just the outer surface of a skin and separate that from internal organs.

So we didn’t have to figure out all the biology of making him completely heat resistant, just so that was nice. Here in this case, the same thing with the thing. He’s really just got the rocky exterior. So once again, that’s an external, there’s challenges, but [00:05:00] you go, okay, that’s external. But this one here, I think you have not only skin changing, you have internal organ structure.

Muscle bone. We have a lot of rigid structures. And Maria, here it’s just a lot of systems to

overcome.

E especially as fantastical as he appears in the comics where he’s not stretching just a few feet. He’s stretching, tens of

maria: He’s stretching.

He’s

splaying

out. he’s doing all sorts of

motions.

I was, thinking

about this and I

stretched,

my mind to

to

say,

When they

got raid,

whatever we’re calling that. I was thinking of the stretching as

The opposite

of

the strong skin. Right. Like whatever

happened To

the

collagen

and elastin and things that make up,

That or allow us to be stretchy or make up that structure.

It changed the

dynamic. Right.

And then I thought wait, his bone stretch,

his

organ stretch. All those things you said is cartilage stretches.

So

[00:06:00] what’s the common theme? One of the common things is collagen, right? We know That, and so maybe something cool

And mutated

happened to his collagen

in the opposite

direction.

Of the thick.

tough, thick

skin. right? So that’s one thing. But then I thought, how does he control it, it’s a balance. And You have collagen, you have elastin. and So thick skin guy has,

More collagen, less elastin and

maybe

Mr. Fantastic has

more elastin,

and less collagen or something.

I don’t know. What was The weird

mutation that happened,

joe: or mutations. Because you, I think you hit on a point and for all of, I think a lot of superheroes, they’re neurological control. You would have to almost reorganize to have that ability to at demand, stretch out and then recall and then have.

The nerve

maria: and why doesn’t it hurt? Because you guys, brought that up

with

why doesn’t it hurt?

When you know,

you’re,

your, you’re bumping against the tough skin,

thing Or your [00:07:00] back. Right.

joe: the human fla, we talked about the human tor with Johnny and

The pain receptors and things like that, like what happened there.

nick: Your body mutated to Be against that. Like, all right, We’re cool with this pain. like This, our nerve endings have changed.

joe: Yeah, yeah, I mean it’s but structures like bone are anti flex. Their design is

not

to be flexible. Is that, because of their content,

maria: right?

Again, it’s a balance,

right? They’re designed to be, to maintain structure,

But They do have some flexibility,

joe: but how much is flexibility? What’s our movement like? I’ve seen bones.

maria: Mine is not much

but Mr. Fantastic. It’s a lot.

joe: A lot. Yeah. But then would you be able to stand and walk if you had like rubbery bones, because then what, so I guess rubber, let’s say that you stretch, that means that you have an addition of some sort of mass, right? Because now you’re elongating and so you’re thin. You can do it two ways. One, you can get thinner and redistribute [00:08:00] cellular material or you add quickly and I guess so if he’s stretching is the bone.

Stretching with

it. Like it’s this, it’s a growth kind of thing.

maria: So you’re asking is he maintaining? mass?

joe: He

maintains strength, so you have to maintain ma mass. We have to, I think, assume that because he is still physically strong because if you stretch your arm out, it, you would lose, ’cause of the way the muscles overlap

and Yeah.

maria: If you stretch ’em too far. they can’t

contract properly. But he’s not normal.

joe: Yeah. But

maria: He’s got super normal.

joe: We gotta explain it how’s, what’s super normal. That’s hand w

maria: That’s hand

waving. Wow.

nick: I feel like,

she’s bringing good points here. And you’re trying to

maria: neuron stretch. If his neuron stretches then his

skeletal muscle can

joe: you could have, so or so.

nick: I feel like it would be weird if just skin stretched like,

maria: oh no, it’s everything. Yeah, it’s

joe: gotta be everything.

nick: You,

can’t just have. Loose skin fingers flapping [00:09:00] around

joe: Or maybe the timing, in the comics and animated and even the movies. It’s a very rapid response.

Maybe after he stretches out, it takes, he is gotta wheel it in to reform,

maria: but he’s in control he

can not, be stretchy and

look. perfectly fine And then he can flip a

switch. Do you think

that has anything to do with his level of intelligence? ’cause he’s super

smart.

joe: maybe you’re saying maybe you already had

nick: I feel like most superheroes do have a certain level of intelligence, to Control their powers Because so much of it. is, Johnny, with his being able to turn his flame

on mis invisible with her invisibility in force fields, it’s all very brain power based.

maria: And there’s precedent for that. Right.

The mind,

gut

access.

the,

nick: Oh, I feel like there are things now that some

people can do, but other people can’t because it’s just, all right, I’m able to control this part of my body. I’ve seen people be able to move their ears. That’s weird. But

joe: yeah,

maria: And There’s some people with really stretchy

skin.

For genetic conditions,

nick: Wait, you can move your ears. [00:10:00] What?

joe: I can, yeah. But we need video for

that.

maria: See it with headphones.

so just, I guess I was starting with the most rigid biological structure in humans, which we’re assuming Mr. Fantastic is a human and he has this and so one, he could, they got into, we, we touched on this before, genotype and phenotype, that he already had some genotype that predisposed him to, have, take advantage of the mutagen when it hit.

joe: And now he’s expressing that. Okay. But I think we gotta go one step further. You have. He can flatten out. So you do have a number of bones in your chest. Is that

maria: Oh yes. They’re called ribs.

They’re called ribs.

joe: Just

nick: is that what

maria: they’re,

called?

joe: I’m just

nick: like to eat those at barbecue

joe: been a while since I’ve taken anatomy, but yes.

And so they have to go somewhere. So now you’re,

they,

to flatten out. And then it, oh, go

maria: You’re

assuming that

they remain

ribs. There’s [00:11:00] collagen

in those structures too. so maybe if he can flip a

switch and be all stretchy in the skin, he can do it with his other organs.

And they can get more fluid.

joe: So fluid is good. ’cause I had an idea. What if he. What if its internal structures, juices up and it, you almost then become a fluid. And you could actually, there’s organisms like octopuses, things like that, that do have stretch. They can stretch their limbs and change shape and form and really elastic, but they’re usually hydrostatic.

And so could his bone structures and things be more hydrostatic and fill almost like a tube and then that would fill out

and the juice of his organs would then become would powered in his

maria: No. I think. you’re onto something. elephant trunks tongues.

Things like that. They don’t have bones in them. And they can do things and they can Change shape. So

joe: Camil chameleon tongues. They can also, they have, they can stretch out and curl and do all sorts of weird things, but and I will say curling,

if

you can roll your tongue.[00:12:00]

if

you can roll your tongue, that’s genetic.

maria: He’s right. He’s right. you, can’t, can he? Oh,

He can’t. He really Looks funny.

Yeah. Ooh,

joe: I can’t do that. What the,

maria: Yours is fluted,

Like aa.

joe: don’t know what’s

nick: Oh man

If only we had videos.

joe: Here it is.

maria: I don’t

joe: But yeah, no,

nick: hummingbirds tongues, don’t they roll up into their heads too?

No.

joe: know.

maria: Oh, they are, they,

do have,

to come out the, no, that’s probus,

joe: Yeah.

I don’t know what that is.

maria: Pocus Probus.

nick: Oh, I don’t know what that word

maria: that word is. like it comes out really long So it can go down. and, get the pollen and then it retracts up.

So maybe you’re Right? It does roll up.

nick: yeah.

I thought

joe: And I was gonna say that there are, with the, with kind of the thinking about the neurological axons and things like that, you could have a situation where you coil up, right?

So you have some length. And our, like our intestines. Our your intestines, average [00:13:00] adult’s about six feet long or so. Stretched out a little

maria: I think it’s longer than

that. Longer than that,

yeah,

much longer.

Like Probably in the

twenties.

joe: Oh, okay. So there you go.

20

feet, but it’s all coiled up inside of you. So

maria: I’m making it up,

I know

it’s longer than six.

nick: Yeah.

joe: We’ll put that in the show notes.

nick: All

I know is

joe: we got you here, Maria, to keep us

maria: Dang, this

is like a,

nick: feel like Maria’s closer than you are right now,

Joe. six feet.

right. I know. That’s

joe: That’s that’s, after you have a procedure,

nick: know anything.

joe: six feet left. Maybe that’s just a small, large intestine,

maria: that’s very

long.

nick: but yeah that’s

joe: I was gonna say that co that’s a nature. Does

maria: oh my God. 30 feet, nine meters The average.

joe: Wow.

There you go. People,

that’s a lot

nick: no, six foot,

lot of

joe: of intestine, but it’s

maria: probably more like twenties.

But

anyway, It’s

joe: coiled up

in there.

maria: yeah.

joe: a feature of nature, that it’s coiled. And actually, if you go to the ultra structure of the intestine, the villa, you have their coiled, and then you have the micro villa, which they’re on the [00:14:00] surface.

They actually are have this kind of , not coiled, but it’s it’s more folded structure. And so if you fold up something, you can pack it in, so a tighter space. So you could have this situation where so many structures are folded up, and then as you stretch

maria: yeah,

you

might have 25 to 30

feet,

Of a tube. But you’ve got a ton of surface

area inside, So agreed.

So you could, Lungs are similar. Yeah.

joe: Yeah, the lung’s, right? So they can flatten out. So he, you might have to juice up all the organs, maybe as a, maybe it’s not completely flat. There’s some lumpiness to it. And so maybe some things are being juiced and then

the

gi to generate the

fluid,

nick: really hate the way you’re saying

this,

joe: we have to.

But I think either way, I think at, if we had Mr. Fantastic here and we did some cell biology on him, I think he would have to have rapid cellular regeneration and growth. I think no matter how you slice it, how you stretch it that he would have to, [00:15:00] I think he would have to make new cellular material one way or the other.

Either stretching out or retracting back and probably both. Because the stretching out.

maria: So

elasticity,

and maybe some

plasticity,

nick: so

as he gets older, would his stretching ability

weaken

Or would it not retract as

maria: much

I say it would

get stiffer.

nick: I was just

thinking like an old rubber band.

That gonna right. That’s right. Yep.

joe: I thought it was interesting too. I was thinking about it and remembered

in the Incredibles, Alaska girl.

maria: She’s awesome. Yeah.

joe: But there was, when she was talking to oh, the woman that was making the super Edna,

maria: Mos talk to

joe: Edna Moons, and they were going over to suits, and Edna goes, it will stretch as far as you without injuring yourself. So that means that for elastic girl, there was some limit or perceive limit that you would stretch, and then you would actually cause physical harm, either get stuck there or not.

nick: No I took it as. If the suit didn’t [00:16:00] move with her, that would be the thing that hurt her.

joe: She said as

is, as far as

you, you would without injuring yourself.

So that’s more

nick: isn’t

joe: sounds more like it will stretch

maria: as far as there’s a limit you

joe: before until you hurt yourself. I, and it presumes that there’s a limit.

You, why say that, just say the suit was stretched as far as you can,

but it said as far as you can without injury. There was a, there was actually a qualifier there of injury,

maria: total

tangent.

But All the garments,

worn by the fantastic war, Why don’t they burn up or overstretch or are they

also imbued with The same

qualities.

nick: What It was

joe: Unstable,

yeah. Something like that. Yeah. Reed. Reed made up all of the

maria: Okay.

joe: outfits

maria: never change. Okay. never change your clothes.

nick: They

maria: assume they meant to,

nick: Adjust

to their abilities

joe: Yep. And even if they swapped, there was a,

what’s

that? A comic or the animated series where they switched power Johnny and

Sue

Switch Powers, but their suits still

nick: all of them. did. Mr.

joe: because they touched That’s right, yeah. Yeah. It was like by tut, right? Yeah.

Yeah.

nick: [00:17:00] Mr. Fantastics and in the comics Reed Richards can stretch up to 1,500 feet.

Just

so you know that’s his limit.

joe: That’s a pretty,

That

maria: was me being

speechless. Oh, wow.

I didn’t know that

joe: I looked at, I found it had about a hundred to 150% stretch limit before, before you tear. So that’s it. That, and that’s not a thousand, you said whatever, a thousand feet,

nick: feet.

joe: That’s not 1,500 feet. And,

is a,

so that means you would have to create new cellular material to keep stretching. That, that would mean that you would have to have some very fast growth of cellular material and then break down of the material.

maria: Wow.

That’s,

yeah.

Also,

nick: he can actually move his body parts

and

create the exact same part within himself.

maria: Wait,

what? example, please? Yes.

nick: I was reading comic recently with my daughter for a nighttime story where Reed goes [00:18:00] ahead and. They Reed and sue find a decayed body inside of a Doom bot, and he proceeds to put his eyeballs in his fingers

and

have it go throughout the body to examine it without

disrupting

the whole

body

itself.

It was absolutely

joe: So we can,

maria: is he a giant organism of

pluripotent cells,

and

he can just like, wow,

joe: just one big stem cell

maria: is one

joe: that’s going one, so yeah, that would fit that.

nick: Here you go.

maria: And there your regenerative aspect.

Ew.

Yeah.

joe: So that means Yeah, he could actually. Juice up his insides, take advantage of the kind of the hydrostatic skeleton.

nick: Also his making

maria: multiple, Appendages. and.

joe: And he maintains strength in all those appendages. Yeah. And

maria: So he’s a shapeshifter,

nick: Yeah.

But he

does wear himself [00:19:00] out while doing that,

joe: Yeah. So you

nick: I can send these to Joe And hopefully we don’t get them taken down.

joe: we’ll put ’em, in the show

maria: notes. Okay.

joe: Yeah, no, he would, you’re right, he is almost like a shapeshifter where he can manipulate,

nick: which Miss Marvel was able to do that as well.

Where

When she first got her power, she ended up changing into Carol Danvers.

And she

thought she was Carol Danvers then for a bit.

joe: But She Can mystique stretch if she. Or no,

nick: miss

that’s her powers

joe: will. Sorry, I meant would rogue stretch. So when she absorbs powers, so would she absorb Mr. Fantastics power?

nick: I’d

assume so. She

takes over anyone’s

Like No matter what it is, her abil, Her power is to take other people’s powers.

joe: a little

nick: And depending how much of her power, Their powers that she gets. It can either drain

them,

joe: Completely kill

nick: Yep.

joe: And then she, and she permanently gets their

nick: depending

on how long [00:20:00] she Holds on. Yes.

maria: I was thinking of the

stress and the strain for

Mr. Fantastic.

What

would

he do in a vacuum? What were, what if he were in space?

joe: Oh yeah. would he

maria: would he just Yeah.

Be a puff up?

blobby, protosome thing? or,

what would

joe: I,

presume he can control it. So you can you become more rigid?

maria: But he use gravity though.

joe: So you think it’s gravity based, especially if it’s

maria: some,

there

has to be some force,

right?

In in order to deform something.

That’s the Strain part.

force is do in space? It just loops, Right.

I’ve never heard water.

say, so maybe you’re

right, That sounded a little goldfish like that. does

joe: not have surface tension in water and space? Is that where you have it and I’m not,

maria: I don’t know.

my mind thinks it breaks down to

the smallest little thing.

that would,

joe: Yeah. People

they,

shoot water at each other and drink

nick: Yeah. They have water. gun fights up there. Like

joe: And the water actually at this, it does. Blob up and itself, it has its own surface tension, it still has its integrity, but it’s not fluid as we [00:21:00] think about it on earth.

That’s interesting. I don’t know I to look ’cause you can soak it up a sponge. Yeah,

maria: do that in

joe: I think it has its properties there, but a vacuum. I’m trying to think what happens to marshmallows. If you put it into a expand, they expand like in one of those flavor saver, vacuums, you suck all the air out, they get puffed up.

nick: yeah, they

joe: I would think that would happen to him. He would just puff up.

nick: So

he would just end up filling the space that’s in there.

joe: I, it, I presume if he can control how big it’s right, he can control. But if he can control his cellular growth and expansion, then he actually won’t experience anything necessarily be like a normal human.

You would just control that.

nick: What do the human do when there’s no. When they’re in a vacuum.

joe: Yeah. I think he, but I think he, I’m saying I think he can maintain a shape,

nick: but you’re losing consciousness too then. If you put Reed Richards in a vacuumed sealed room, I.

suck out all the air.

He’s not gonna be conscious enough to keep himself together.

maria: [00:22:00] But he might be because

he has the ultra structure to combat whatever is expanding him.

That’s why I think he can Use gravity to help

deform himself. That’s the stress on his system, and the strain is all the little movements that, that stress creates.

So that’s the deformation.

So

if he doesn’t have that,

then

he fights the opposite direction to keep himself together. I think he’d be fine.

joe: Yeah. I think you’re right. He would run outta oxygen and if he needs oxygen to live, and yes, he would. But he could be, I don’t know. Could he self.

Oxygenate through cellular breakdown at some level. I don’t know what his respiratory would be like. Is he using his lungs the same way as normal? Because if he’s flattening himself out and he is doing stretching and he is doing activities, then how is he actually inflating his lungs to push oxygenated blood through his system?

So I It’s almost a whole lot of

maria: Yeah. he, He’s maybe he’s turning his skin into, a respiratory system or something.

I don’t

nick: Being able to move [00:23:00] his organs and stuff around. He Could theoretically pump the oxygen that way? No.

joe: or if he, you, I don’t know until you’ve, gimme a better terminology.

When he juices his insides, then he would become more, you would have you would have dissolved oxygen in that fluid that can then be used and distributed in a very different way than a typical

maria: listen system, if Somebody can deform

themselves

that degree, they

could probably change

their hemoglobin to hang on

to whatever,

oxygen and use it over and over again.

Yeah.

I dunno.

I

nick: I feel like this whole series, you’ve

said

maria: the worst word every episode.

Wait, it was juicing

this time. Juicing your Organs. Juice

joe: up. His organs.

It’s

all squishy. Someone poke, Reed,

nick: so

for

his skin then we’re back going.

on the skin episode.

That’s

joe: right.

nick: But

how, like I wonder [00:24:00] if he does get cut, does it cut him or is he, just,

joe: See,

I think if he has increased

cellular regeneration,

I think he’s almost like a Wolverine or

nick: that’s what I was, thinking, like how

joe: That he would actually be able to heal cuts. And that’s a comic thing. I don’t, I’m trying to think if I’ve seen him injured like that.

nick: I don’t think I’ve

really

seen him,

someone

else

actually

do something

to

him other than what he does to himself.

And that’s where it’s huh.

joe: And it’s good in a comic that he runs out of energy because if you are doing this increased cellular regeneration and manipulation of your physical, both your external structures, but also your internal, that you would have this.

Yeah.

He could just

nick: I feel like he definitely does run out of his own

joe: He could be an octopus in the shape of a human,

maria: but I don’t think you can injure him. I

do think he can run out

of oxygen. and thus energy.

He’s a little beat after.

he reforms his shape.

nick: I feel like [00:25:00] that’s one of the main ways that he gets injured. And then if someone’s attacking his mind,

that’s

another way to

get to

joe: And that fits to what Maria was saying, that about the physical, mental control of the systems. And so if you are being mentally challenged and then also have to do physical challenges I think if he was playing chess and trying to, stretch out, would he be limited? Would he be

maria: able could we beat

him at chess Is what you’re saying? Beat

him at chess

We can beat him chess.

nick: no, ’cause

he

joe: outta reach,

right?

nick: do

his

lab stuff. I don’t know what you guys call that stuff, But he’s stretching himself out into multiple

joe: Yeah. But if you’re grabbing a pipette or something like that, you’re not doing a lot of

nick: a what

joe: it’s

nick: a pipe,

Are you

smoking a pipe. at The lab,

joe: called a pipette.

nick: What year are we

joe: pipette?

nick: Joe, I can

really picture you just with a

maria: but he can get snacks.

while he is in the

lab without moving.

joe: So we had we had some [00:26:00] fans stop by and that was one of the things they said they wanted stretching ability to reach the snacks. And so that’s it. But I think you would expend more energy getting the snack than you would actually could take in by the snack.

nick: Why, how many Big Macs are you gonna say, Joe?

joe: Yeah, I Big Macs. So I, once again, if he’s regenerating cells at that level. Then that puts him at the Wolverine Deadpool calorie load.

maria: That’s high metabolism. High

metabolism.

joe: We’re talking maybe baseline 10, 20,000 calories, just resting state. I think if he’s doing this other stuff where he is juicing inside and reforming, you may be in hundreds of thousands of calories.

nick: honestly,

he can take that all down With one bite.

joe: one bite. Was he, is he eating a whale? What are we talking about there?

nick: Open his mouth

and then shove everything in.

He doesn’t really need to sit [00:27:00] there and

joe: I guess you’re right. How’s he, what’s his in like stomach what’s his

maria: maybe he does take Something. in and then

he changes

all of his organs into a

big stomach, into big intestines There go. Extract

it on. And then

put your organs,

back. That’s,

I think he can, I

think he can

manipulate.

everything.

joe: Gotta get Jeff Goble, man.

nick: Oh yeah.

joe: Jurassic Park when he goes, that’s one big pile of

nick: what did he say? I’m

joe: That’s one big pile of poop.

I

think he used a different word there, but

maria: dinosaur.

joe: So maybe that’s so he can, but still that’s a lot of calories. That’s not so that means, as we talk about with other superheroes, does he have some metabolism change or more efficient? That’s been re pointed out. If he can do all this, then why can’t he change? Is his proteins that do work also difference and use and store energy.

Does he, is he using some sort of variable biological high energy [00:28:00] storage? Vehicle

maria: I like it. I think it’s a great theory.

joe: Yeah, that’s it. A lot of handwaving in there.

maria: Handwaving

nick: nailed to

joe: lot of handwaving.

But on the stretching thing and elastins great and that’s what humans have. But I was gonna say, the other thing I had found was Resilin

It’s a

nick: those of us who don’t know,

joe: Yeah. It’s a structural protein that’s found in certain insects. It was discovered in 1960 in Locust, and it functions as like a rubber biological rubber band. It can stretch recoil, it can store mechanical energy with minimal energy loss. And it’s found in areas such as wing hinges, jumping legs for frogs fleas, locusts or feeding or vibration systems like Circadas and things like that.

So it’s a very flexible elastic, protein, more elastic it can stretch up to 300% without damage. And and then there’s synthetic forms [00:29:00] that are engineered and they can stretch a little bit more about 300, 350, 300, 400, 400%. And so you could have used this modified structural protein.

maria: Mm-hmm.

joe: So when a cosmic ray hit

maria: mm-hmm.

joe: he had some sort of, I don’t know, I actually, I didn’t look up what the

maria: Elastin goes to lin

joe: Yeah exactly. Yeah. Yep. Or Reed was monkeying around with CRISPR and head, and I given everyone a little bit of a, he was trying to create superheroes in the lab and. The cosmic ray was the activating function.

I, I just think, I think Reed was up to something funny and I think Doom called him out a couple times about that and said, Hey, that, he experimented on you guys to the rest of the team. Because I think that’s what I think there was, I think he intentionally did

it.

maria: Brilliant.

but disingenuous.

joe: Yeah. Yeah, a little bit. That’s

maria: Experimenting on your

friends

Watch out

joe: using CRISPR in there. Hey, take a look at this

maria: [00:30:00] yeah, let’s see

what happens.

nick: you did that to me last

maria: let’s see what happens.

nick: What are you trying to say?

joe: you get a suit and a meal. But yeah, that, that was one that I found where you could actually start to go in and you could get something that’s a little more stretchy. And if you can combine it with some of these other things we talked about. With that,

would

that get you there to, yeah.

Closer to maybe stretching a little bit. I don’t know, about a thousand feet.

I just think 10, 10 feet

even. That’s a lot.

nick: I do feel like he was stretched further than that in a

comic before where, I want to say it was a

issue

of Spider-Man that was like a alternate universe where something was happening to earth and Peter snapped and stretched out Mr.

Fantastic. To keep everything together.

joe: Yeah.

nick: And that was a

weird Issue. It was dark. And

joe: now did he come back together or did he No. Stay, no.

nick: Reed was pretty much in [00:31:00] a agonizing state.

joe: So he, there was a,

maria: but he didn’t do it

he was stretched.

So back to the mind, body, part. yeah.

Ah,

nick: Where he was keeping

stuff together and it was just like. He

was not,

joe: doesn’t matter if you knock him out, if you,

maria: if

You could injure him, But if he is yeah. If He’s conscious

and

Reshaping himself,

whatever, what are

we calling it Deforming himself. I don’t know himself. Stretching, himself. There we go. Stretching himself.

joe: He Stretching We’re not using that,

maria: to

stretching himself, then he’s in control. But if you take that control

away. we could inre him. We could hurt

him.

joe: That’s it.

maria: are

we working for Dr.

nick: Doom

today?

Like

joe: got it. We can get him.

nick: I do feel like him and Doom are a very good, villain, hero matchup, because

they both do have their darker side as well as a good side.

’cause

what Mr. Fantastic ends up becoming the maker

who

is a [00:32:00] alternate version of him that is absolutely off the walls bonkers where. He wants to control absolutely everything. And Doom is a person that is trying to keep his

country

in order and wants to better them, So it’s like they

have

the good and bad

in them,

and it’s always so cool to see when, yes, they still fight.

But

what I wanna say Doom is the Godfather to Reed and Sue’s children.

joe: Yeah. Yeah.

nick: And

in

what one of the last issues we read, Reed ended up doing a thing where he took out a whole block

of

New York to take out some alien invasion, and he sent it a future

year

in the future.

Doom, got found out, freaked out, tried to fix it, and as soon as that year was up, doom [00:33:00] couldn’t do anything.

And

Reed ended up sending him a picture saying, Hey, I know you tried, but what I did worked and here’s a picture. knowing, letting you know that they’re all good. It’s like

they

still, they’re frenemies.

Yeah. that’s, I think That’s what I’m trying to go at. Yeah.

joe: And it reminded me of something with talking about that and the interdimensional mass storage, and we had this with Cyclops and his eye powers. Now he’s pulling from another dimension to use the optic blast that he has. So he is opening a portal through his eyes.

But we had this, I’m trying to think who else. We’ve talked about this where. This mass conversion. So the one way is that he’s has some rapid cellular, gener generation and then retracted. But what if the mass comes from another dimension? And that would tether into kind of Reed’s overall story of his [00:34:00] intelligence, science, stretching, and then this dimensionality that he has

maria: A human portal,

joe: A human portal, right? So he actually is, instead of channeling energy through his eyes, he actually is channeling through himself. And then you could get to a thousand feet.

maria: Okay.

nick: Where

is he pulling it

from?

joe: from? That’s

maria: it’s still him.

nick: no matter what part of it? You

go to,

maria: His brilliance. there

joe: could be many hims though, right across the

maria: There are Many,

hims, right?

joe: And so he’s just pulling from and himself.

So

maybe in, in some other dimension, he becomes very tiny and shriveled. And while he is stretching out or from multiples, he’s just pulling a little bit of material from many reeds.

nick: Are you high right now?

joe: No,

nick: That

one came outta left

field for me. I was

like,

joe: know.

maria: I like,

it

joe: I know, but

maria: because it’s so weird.

joe: a lot. [00:35:00] It gets you we gotta, we’re trying to make the jump from 10, 20 feet to a thousand. And so I’m just throwing something out there. Then

nick: take that,

take

the stretching ability to, any other stretcher, miss Marvel, Elastic girl,

plastic

Are they all doing that?

joe: So I, like I said, I think Elastic Girl has some limit and that was revealed. We don’t know what the limit is, but even in the show, she only stretched so far, she didn’t stretch a thousand feet. Okay. Maybe she has rapid regeneration. Maybe it’s a genetic, she was born that way.

maria: But

she always

has an appendage or she

always has a body,

appearance, right? Yeah, that’s right. She does. Indeed

but Reed

doesn’t, oh, So I think if you

joe: No. I’m gonna stop. She turned into a parachute and a boat.

maria: She did, but she still had,

A head,

joe: had a head. But I think Reed also has a head, usually his head doesn’t flatten or

maria: because it’s all coming from there,

joe: I’m just saying He also doesn’t but Right. Go ahead.

maria: Yeah, but he can’t maintain mass then, when [00:36:00] I’m thinking about that A thousand feet. I’m sorry. he’s gonna have to, do some regeneration because if

you,

took his mass and you

stretched it. out,

joe: that’s right. Strength and

maria: tiny little thread trying to beat up on you.

we go.

joe: He gets there.

Tink. But if you’re pulling mass Other dimensions and building up as you go, then you can maintain. And then when you get there, you have a powerful punch. ’cause now you’ve been

maria: and when you’re going back to

yourself, you just shove it back down the hole

nick: attacking anyone at that length.

joe: He’s grabbing things. He’s don’t, why stretch a thousand feet if you’re just for a

heck of it?

You’re

maria: just

joe: look what I can do kids. And

nick: I would,

joe: think he’s, I

maria: and then a Breeze comes.

and blows his

like, he’s

joe: grabbing something. Even if something, you could, it could be something that’s trivial as grabbing a knife off the ground at a thousand feet stretch.

You don’t have enough

nick: you grabbing a knife from a thousand feet away?

joe: He’s gotta get, he’s not close

maria: to stab somebody. Of course.

Secretly,

nick: Oh man. I left something at home.

Hold on.

Where What are you doing? I’m grabbing something, don’t worry. [00:37:00]

joe: But if he had, if he was pulling mass and keeping his strength, and then, ’cause when you stretch out, also we’re just talking about stretching in a vacuum.

It was like a physics test. There’s no friction, but

maria: I know

joe: i’s equating,

maria: worth thinking about

joe: if your arm is stretching out and then your gravity’s pulling on it, right? So now as you’re getting thin, not only will it get thin, but now it’s just slump. It’s gonna have a big,

it’s gonna sag in the middle like a, like a weighted clothes line.

And so you’re gonna have a big saggy thing and at the end, your hand’s gonna be out there and super skinny and thin. No, I, yeah.

It’s gonna

be weird. Yeah. Yeah. A thousand feets. That’s a

maria: lot.

That’s a,

joe: I think inter dimensionality, now I’m gonna go with it.

maria: A thousand feet. That’s like

football

field, right?

joe: A thousand feet. A

maria: That’s a hundred?

yards.

Yards. Oh, that’s 300 feet. Sorry. That’s three, three and a Three. plus, sorry.

We’re

nick: How big is a football field.

maria: I know that’s A hundred yards. but I,

Yeah.

Okay.

[00:38:00] That’s,

a

joe: And there’s three feet in the

yard.

maria: I

like the,

portal part.

I think that’s pretty good. That would explain a lot, right? ’cause he can pull on the energy and the Oxygen from whatever. He doesn’t have to maintain. Lung volumes

or,

Or blood volume or, yeah, he just yanks it.

joe: you put ’em in that vacuum. He is just

maria: pulling from

joe: some other dimensional Reed that’s now suffocating for no reason. I can’t breathe. What’s wrong with me?

maria: He would not have to eat a whole pasture of cattle to,

joe: that

is true too.

maria: to maintain

his energy level.

joe: It’s but you would need to eat though, because to maybe opening his portals, that takes some energy. So he would need, he, you might not even have to sustain it during the stretching.

nick: I feel like you just put this weight anymore into hand.

Avium.

joe: It was already

maria: I think if you’re a portal, it just is.

mean, if we’re gonna, we’re, and we’re gonna have to embrace the hand WM here. I’m trying to actually, the portal might work like, ’cause Cyclops does it, I’m not saying that’s not hand wave him also, but

do the cosmic rays make him smarter?

nick: I

[00:39:00] don’t think

joe: I think he was already like genius level,

maria: right?

nick: I think he was

joe: yeah.

nick: Top universe.

joe: That was his thing.

maria: So it Didn’t

hit him in the head.

It hit him everywhere else.

nick: I don’t think.

it affected

joe: Maybe. What was his personality like before? It felt like he was the same, but we started close to him wanting to take his friends up to the cosmic race, his wife, his brother-in-law, and his best buddy to get bombarded by Cosmic Ray to see what would happen to him.

And then they crashed, landed back on earth I believe, and then they woke up with powers.

maria: Boy, And how did they ever

trust him again? That so

rude.

nick: I don’t know about you, but I’m looking for power’s.

joe: Yeah, you

maria: Okay. But

it’s

joe: there’s a an advertisement

going

to explore cosmic ray. Are you in next one? Yes. I

maria: it’s a wild card, what you’re gonna get. You could turn into a giant nose,

you know,

nick: I am

maria: just

one

joe: cancerous tumor or you’ll get superpowers.

maria: [00:40:00] flip a coin. It’s a

gamble

I’m

willing

nick: to take.

Either It’s gonna be something, wild And

joe: That gets into that and there’s a lot of non-consensual superpower gaining in comics.

nick: Oh, a hundred.

joe: And I think. I think this was one of those cases.

nick: I feel like most of them are like,

oh, no no one’s really I’m going

for

joe: Some are accident, truly accidental. Like Spider-Man, he got bit by a spider while he was, and

once again, poor lab animal control that, there was, there’s issues, but some powers are like, you’re actually experimenting. You’re actually trying to do whatever thing happens to you and that’s you consent it yourself.

Now was it, should there be, OSHA rule? Should you be looked at and there, human, scientific experimentation, ethics. Yes. But I think you have that category, but then you have the other category where it’s just like. We’re gonna like we joke about the reign of Superman comics where it was like, we’ll give you a sandwich in a, a suit if you lick this rock and we’ll see.

It’s, and we, and [00:41:00] the scientists know something. Something’s crazy’s gonna happen.

nick: don’t know what’s gonna happen but Something’s gonna happen.

maria: Who was that little kid that was chasing back to the Incredibles for a minute that was chasing

Mr. Incredible

around wanting to be

him. And then Syndrome.

Yes. Syndrome. I Forgot how he got his power. What does

He

do? he

joe: he doesn’t have power. That was his whole point. He created technology.

maria: Oh, it was technology.

That’s right, that’s right. Fake power.

nick: Did you hear the theory that he was actually a

Mr.

Incredible son?

joe: What are you watching?

nick: So many random things. on YouTube.

Yeah. There. Legitimate

joe: son or yeah,

wow.

nick: That was pre elastic girl.

joe: Interesting.

maria: Yeah. That

it was

one of those things I was watching and I’m like, that would be weirdly

joe: It would be.

nick: And that’s why he was

going

around with a

joe: Right.

He had all of the shrine to him and he was older than Violet. It’s Right.

maria: but smaller than

Violet.

joe: [00:42:00] Shorter,

He

was like stocky. He had, it was a super

nick: he looks like dash

joe: a non-super, right?

maria: He was Dash,

with a

big head. Yeah.

nick: And his power was having a big brain.

maria: Yeah. I wonder what the, I always the genetics of superheroes, so we have Sue and Reed and they have kids

Mm-hmm.

joe: and they both are powered. And so it’s whatever the mutation was, it’s not, it’s actually

it

could be passed. It’s hereditary, so

maria: it wasn’t somatic

Wanda had kids too,

nick: mary Jane.

Mayday she has powers.

joe: Some,

maria: did Wanda’s,

they

joe: already genetic, right? So with

nick: have

maria: powers. Wanda’s kids had power. Wanda.

and Vision.

joe: Yeah, but vision wasn’t

Android,

maria: He,

joe: I don’t know how that worked, Yeah. right. That’s a different okay. maybe,

maria: was gonna

say wrong topic.

I say with,

joe: with I was gonna say with Re Reed and Sue who got bombarded by the cosmic race, usually, sometimes that doesn’t necessarily mean it’s [00:43:00] gonna pass that you’ve affected your. Germ line. Your germ

maria: cells,

the non somatic ones. I would think it would affect them all.

Yeah. Yeah.

joe: What do you think it would, Yeah, mutate with similar, so really the mutations would be

maria: I think it’d be random.

joe: Okay. So that’s why the kids not necessarily have invisible and

maria: I have no

evidence. What else

I would predict it.

would be

like rolling the D It’s rolling the dice going up in the cosmic race. Yeah. So It’s every kid would be different. That’s the weird part.

joe: but also, but that, you can say that with Sue because she has all of her a, your women are born with all of their

maria: you got all your eggs.

But

joe: sperm are regenerated. And so that means his germ line, the actual progenitor

maria: And maybe that’s a wild card. Why,

why they have different powers

joe: and maybe, and you said maybe it’s just one big stem cell. So maybe when he reproduces, he just regenerates some genetic out of the juice soup.

maria: Gotta throw juice In there.

don’t you?

joe: [00:44:00] I did it. I was gonna

nick: juice soup

there, Joe?

joe: I was trying, I’m birthing a new term.

Soup Primordial

maria: Mm-hmm. That

joe: Could you

imagine? He’s like lashing around after he gets out of a battle.

nick: One of my

maria: favorite. I think that’s what happens. And then

nick: And you’re saying juice so much and

maria: and then the cells decide, oh wait, I’m the heart cell and oh,

I’m the liver cell and oh I’m your

bones’

joe: have little, or you could just

maria: go where they need to nuggets, little

joe: in there that are for me.

maria: I believe that.

joe: And then. And then you would just, and that’s why you can move the organs around, like you said, they move, they’ll reform his livers here.

And that goes to what Jonathan was talking about, like the medical treatment. Could you imagine like cutting into him and it’s just just

nick: don’t think you’d even need

to cut into him,

He could just pull it out? to the

joe: he’s he’s incapacitated. You gotta help him out. Like he’s now, his heart’s stopping or his, his lungs are not inflating.

maria: I don’t think you could cut into him if he were conscious,

joe: he’s un, let’s say he’s unconscious, you knock [00:45:00] him out and now you’re gonna have to do some work, right? Because we’re saying that when he is conscious, his cellular regeneration or his interdimensional mass, Ree equilibration is so active that if he is

conscious,

he will stop you.

But that means if he’s conscious and he wants medical treatment, he can allow you to open him up.

That would be,

nick: he just open himself up then.

joe: Can you just open yourself up?

Can you make a pore?

maria: Yes.

nick: he’s able to move

every

other thing around his body. Why wouldn’t he be able to just

plop

it out front?

joe: Like he would just move it out like in here’s

maria: I’m gonna move it right here. Here’s my liver. Here, go here.

This is

nick: I need it to be

joe: Maybe he doesn’t need fixing. Maybe he can just generate, but I guess if you have a genetic issue like cancers, like what? What’s his Yeah.

nick: because Mm-hmm. I don’t

maria: think he needs anything fixed, to be honest.

nick: If you go into the cancer category, then you get Deadpool.

Who his body’s constantly killing himself, but he’s also regenerating [00:46:00]

joe: Yeah.

nick: It’s that war with himself.

joe: Now what if Reeds other dimensional reeds aren’t all superpowered?

Would,

Could he pass superpower.

Material back and forth through to dimensionality as he’s stretching and reforming and he’s pulling from his other counterparts,

maria: don’t pull from

the wrong

one. Is that what you’re saying?

joe: Don’t pull from

nick: then you can’t even choose. You

can’t pick and choose who you’re pulling from.

joe: Maybe can,

maria: I think he

has more control than you think. because he

doesn’t Maria, get cancer. That would be cells outta control. He’s in control of the cells.

And

joe: he’s regenerating ’em at that level, would he would,

nick: but

doing the interventional portals, that’s where you’re like,

maria: he says buddies on the other

side. he that.

Yes.

is the only pulling

joe: from dimensions that have super they’re already, they have the cosmic ray, so

maria: That’s his brilliance.

You guys that missed the

joe: pool of,

nick: I feel like

that, [00:47:00] I.

don’t know. Like it,

joe: Yeah, I think cancer is interesting because his, if he has this rapid regeneration also that means his cells have figured out ways to bypass the normal checks that cells have.

So with normal cells, they have like contact limitations. So once they your cells touch each other, they stop growing. But cancer cells, when they have certain mutations, they’ll grow over top of each other. They almost become immortal ’cause they’ll just keep growing into a big mass, uncontrolled mass.

That’s the idea there. So if he’s, now he’s taking advantage of that system to actually create rapidly new cells to stretch and manipulate his internal organs. Now, his external structure,

maria: but to control it enough so he doesn’t turn into a giant sarcoma.

joe: Yes.

nick: A What

maria: basically his

stretchiness over

I

want

I say

over produces itself.

and just

takes over.

Oh

yeah.[00:48:00]

oh it’s

a

A soft tissue tumor. Oh.

yeah. So if you don’t

have control of this process,

of

Not

overgrowing yourself,

You turn into an OMA

and in that situation. be sarcoma. so,

joe: yeah.

nick: Did not know

maria: either. Yeah. I

nick: I feel

like there was a lot of words that dropped. today

maria: know.

nick: wait, what is

that?

Yeah.

What

else you got for us there, Joe?

I see,

joe: I always got

nick: tapping away.

maria: Do you have questions?

joe: Questions? As a quiz?

maria: Yeah.

No, I mean.

Generated questions.

No, I, think we

went through a portal. we went through.

joe: Yeah. I just have I

maria: control of the Slushy. A slushy, is better than juicing

juice.

joe: You, and you don’t, do you slushy?

maria: slushy

joe: slush

up?

maria: Yeah. Because you have a catchphrase like slush up

better than

smoothie.

I dunno. than smoothie.

nick: It’s better than juice.

maria: [00:49:00] Better than juice.

joe: He’s juiced in there. I let’s go. I do have a little list of characters and we talked about Mr. Fantastic already. And everything that he does, plastic man

DC

Yep. He was there and he like can twist himself and he he’s more cartoonish than Reed I think in the comics.

Like more, more humorous and what he does, we talked about last girl Helen Par and hers was more genetics had. Plastic man was a chemical accident, so he fell in and he became, his skin became elastic and his, almost like he got dipped in vinegar or something and

maria: Elastic

or

plastic, because I think of plastic, The opposite of elastic. Yeah.

Okay.

nick: Which he also goes from good to bad a lot.

joe: He does. Yeah. He’s you

nick: know where he’s at.

joe: Yeah. He’s kinda like a joker or where he has

nick: falls in the dead pool

joe: Yeah, maybe Deadpool. Yeah. I

maria: Can he do a flat Stanley?

Yes.

Oh, okay.

he’s everything

nick: like this This guy I feel like he’s [00:50:00] more all over the place than Reed is.

joe: Somebody didn’t, not

realize elongated man

and

he was a DC character also. He consumed gin gold extract. And that. Made ’em stretchy and as gin gold was based on ginkgo extract which ginkgo extracts a real thing. It won’t make you stretchy.

maria: It’s often used to support

cognitive function, memory, How do you know that show?

joe: to the brain.

maria: It just won’t make you stretchy.

it’ll, you’ll know

joe: you need to drink

maria: rabbit

joe: hole of research is, we’re know, take

nick: he’s trying to

save us from

people being Like,

I

drank this ’cause you,

mentioned it on the

show. I just

joe: a quart of ginkgo

maria: and nothing happened.

joe: thing that stretched was my inside got

juiced.

Someone I wasn’t, and maybe, are you familiar with one piece? Yes. And Luffy, is it Louy?

Luffy Monkey.

nick: I

read

them. I [00:51:00] don’t,

I will pronounce it However,

I

do in my head. but I’m not gonna say it.

out loud.

joe: Luffy.

maria: Luffy. Luffy.

Like Puffy.

joe: They have like rubber arms and can bounce and things like that.

Someone I

came up to T 1000 from Terminator two. Liquid metal.

nick: No, I

wouldn’t say. Is he

joe: they can stretch out and they can manipulate their liquid metal form. It’s not biological, but it is a stretchy material that he has functional control over.

maria: think you’re getting into the materials science

world. And we need

joe: maybe Reed maybe he’s liquid metal

maria: science.

joe: And he gets stretch a thousand still difficult. Then there was, when I was a kid, I remember. Stretch Armstrong.

And a stretchy latex

maria: I remember Gumby

joe: was here. Gumby

So

maria: not a superhero, but Gumby.

joe: But Gumby,

maria: that’s

joe: right.

nick: Don’t know. Gumby was

joe: He was a super, oh my god.

nick: I’m here to say?

[00:52:00] It?

maria: You liked pokey

nick: Yeah. He was mean to

maria: pokey

nick: all the time.

joe: there it is.

maria: Read. Richard’s not the NICE’s guy.

in the world either,

So

joe: Gumby

maria: that love, hate that internal war.

joe: Gumby never took pokey to space to examine cosmic race.

nick: Pokey

is a

creature

that has,

joe: He can’t

nick: speak for himself.

maria: Okay.

nick: Stand up for the little guy there, Joe.

saying,

joe: man, it was. We have it there, but yeah. Gumby, I haven’t thought about Gumby in a while. Do you know the Gumby theme song, Maria?

maria: I do not.

nick: I Am Gumby. I am Gumby. that’s it

joe: went. I don’t. And then the go historical 16th century and this has come up journey to the west.

It’s one of China’s four great classical novels. There’s a character s song, W Kong, the Monkey King, and he could

nick: Oh, I, for God,

joe: stretch, transform his body and [00:53:00] shrink and grow in size. So more size morphing powers than any elasticity, I think we’ve been using those a little

interchangeable.

nick: Miss

Marvel goes in big,

and then

she Makes herself giant.

joe: yeah,

nick: So, yeah, it’s

a possibility

to use it.

joe: Yeah.

And I thought I just, now, I don’t know why, just when you said that made me think of it. The pin particles and that

maria: was

joe: we and the inner

maria: dimensionality

joe: aspect of it with mass conversion.

And so it could be a similar thing. Maybe read, discovered pin

maria: Yeah, I think mass is off the table. We talked about

preserving mass before mass

is never

off table.

No. I meant in terms

of conserving mass.

joe: That’s your hand. Wavy re’s, just like mass is gone

maria: It

went into the portal, into the

internal portal.

nick: Joe opened that can, and you’re like, yes, portal. I

don’t have to explain.

anything.

joe: right.

nick: Put it in the I like it. [00:54:00] Like you explain it by explaining it

joe: and it’s just explained.

But yeah, no, I think we’ve covered, like we talked skin. The only other system I had was muscle, but I think if we can get skin and everything else, then you would just, you would do the same trick. Just grow a bunch of new muscle or pull it from, another

nick: So Would he be able to make himself as big as the Hulk?

joe: Yeah. Why not?

he,

does, he does that kind of, that’s if he’s, if you’re going to do it, then yeah, I think he could beef

nick: don’t see why he would need,

joe: I think there’s a different episode and maybe one on just mass conversion. ’cause I don’t know where the Hulk gets his mask for him, like when he bulks up.

So either he has cellular, the same sort of process that he can

maria: pin particles.

in reverse.

No,

nick: It’s actually a portal that just comes out of nowhere in his,

joe: it’s the ga Yeah.

maria: antman. Got really big ones. Really

big, ones.

joe: He had to have orange slices afterwards too. But yeah, no, so you have that, the muscle, but you’re right, you could see [00:55:00] Reed, I think, if you maintain strength a thousand feet away, then why can’t you just bring that back in this beef up?

Become, bigger than Hulk,

mass wise.

maria: I,

always think of ’em as stretchy.

though, and not Really bulky.

joe: Yeah. I think he doesn’t take advantage of it. He presents

nick: I mean he doesn’t

maria: he doesn’t Oh, he is holding, back.

He’s

joe: holding, he presents as like a skinny, lanky dude.

nick: I feel like he doesn’t need to be strength like he has been for that, for the most part.

And then,

joe: That’s just,

nick: he just works.

in self around things.

joe: right? Is that they got the strong guy

nick: Yeah. I mean if you don’t need to,

joe: he doesn’t need the flex.

nick: Yes, he doesn’t need a flex on Ben. He’s

joe: He’s just juicy.

nick: alright.

I need you

maria: yeah,

I,

think what

we decided, this one

joe: very hand waving.

nick: I, think we proved it and we’re, we’ll talk about it in

maria: I don’t know. I mean, there’s a little hand W [00:56:00] portion to it. I think the human body can do strange things

And

bones

can get

Flexible and muscle. you,

still,

joe: you’ve avoided the how flexible are we talking before breakage?

maria: Inches There are or feet?

Oh,

Not

joe: Okay. So we’re already,

maria: but if you can do it a little

and you

get a cosmic

ray hit, then you can do it a

nick: See, this is why I like having her on.

maria: That’s the potential. because there’s precedent there. It’s just on a different

scale. race have you seen this happen?

joe: You have a

maria: what have you seen it on?

joe: i’s why

I want,

maria: anything hand

joe: I’m on team hand Wao, you’re on team. It could happen if we find some cosmic rays. Let’s do

maria: it.

Cosmic gray and a portal. we got both.

Get a

phone call from you Joe,

joe: guess what? Those cosmic rays?

maria: we got a trip. you wanna take it?

nick: Hey Joe, you wanna go

on a road trip

maria: at your base?

nick: To where?

Space. don’t worry.

joe: Yeah, I don’t know. You too. You’re really [00:57:00] leaning into these cosmic

maria: your brains.

joe: I,

don’t Woo. Yes. They’re insides will be juiced. We’ll see you.

maria: that in

Slushy. slushy Smoothie.

joe: Slushy Smoothie.

maria: Reed

joe: Mr. Fantastic. Mr. Pedro Pascal himself. That’s who’s playing. Mr. Fantastic. Are you excited about the movie, Maria?

maria: Now I’m gonna have to see it Yeah,

for sure.

There it’s, yeah. Yeah. I’m

growing excitement. Can’t you tell

Your excitement. I’m stretching.

my excitement container. Oh, I Can’t wait to hear the fanfic from this movie.

nick: Oh,

joe: all

maria: gonna Have to have a watch party.

or something. Yeah. have watch

joe: Alright.

I think that’s yeah, I think we can wrap this up. We wanna thank Maria,

nick: thank you so much for being here. My pleasure.

maria: My pleasure. I learned a lot.

some

nick: words that, I’ll never

maria: lot.

joe: words.

Yeah. You have me, Joe.

nick: You got Nick.

joe: got Nick. We’ve got Nick and [00:58:00] yeah, thanks for Go listen.

Fantastic Four, see the watch a movie. couple days, it’s coming out. So yeah, super excited and we’ll report on it in our mini, I think we already made a date to go. Awesome.

maria: you

gonna interview people again?

Okay.

joe: but

maria: No. That like strangers, what’d you think of the movie? What’d you

joe: Not at the movie. No, that’s, yeah.

Okay. yeah.

And

nick: we went down some stretchy holes.

joe: Y’all stay safe out there.

nick: Bye. Bye.

joe: Love you.

Transcript: Fantastic 4 series: Episode 39: Johnny Storm: Spontaneous Combustion

Click link to listen or search Rabbit Hole of Research where you find your other podcasts:


EP39: Johnny Storm and Spontaneous Combustion

We torch the handwavium behind Marvel’s hottest character—Johnny Storm, the Human Torch. Dr. David Pincus of the University of Chicago explores how biology might survive a “Flame On!”

Transcript:

joe: [00:00:00] Hey.

Welcome back to the Rabbit Hole of Research down here in the basement

nick: studio.

We are setting it a blaze

today. Joe

joe: a blaze today.

david: y’all.

nick: Did you

joe: know it’s coming. We are talking about the human torch. Johnny Storm.

nick: and

joe: our Fantastic four series.

nick: We’ve already talked about

geo: Woohoo ability.

joe: we’ve talked about the thing, and now we’re here talking about human spontaneous combustion

geo: fire.

joe: And here today, joining me, you got me, Joe. We’ve got

nick: Nick.

You got Nick,

joe: we’ve got Georgia.

geo: Hello. Hello.

joe: And we have a guest, a returning guest. I,

nick: I think this is our first, is this his first

Wait, has he been on before?

joe: first returning

geo: shut up.

nick: Yes. Yes. People might remember Dr. David

joe: We’ll let ’em introduce was up on, you might remember our episode on climate disaster

nick: and the permit turpentine

joe: farms.

That was

david: It was it was pretty good.

geo: [00:01:00] it was fun. It was a fun one. I think

joe: was

nick: was as fun as

joe: disaster can

nick: be.

joe: but

david: Always a barrel of

monkeys.

joe: Pincus, will

you wanna give

david: Yeah. I’m David Pincus, uh, assistant professor in molecular genetics at University of

Chicago. And Hopefully

any day now, any day now, I’ll be cashing them checks. Yeah, and I happen to be an expert on the heat shock response, which, , hopefully will come up at some point today.

nick: Wait, if I recall correctly on the last episode, you go, why am I on this episode again,

joe: yeah, yeah.

david: Well, this one was much clearer to me. Spontaneous combustion and I happen to study how cells cope with, , thermal stress. So it actually it’s not that even a simpleton like me could

make that, uh, too.

joe: surprised on this one. I was, I was

nick: like, I

joe: well, I will I

nick: drop the, the Anil. I get on you.

joe: Like, why am I here? Oh, that’s

nick: why.

Yeah.

david: Oh.

nick: we’ll put

a link to that episode

in

joe: the show notes. It

nick: Wasn’t fun

Nick Nick and I are always here and we don’t have, uh, our science degrees.

[00:02:00] never. I actually was gonna start. Piggybacking off Joe’s, you know, be like, yeah, I’m a scientist by association.

geo: we could get an Well, if they ever promote me, I’ll give you all honorary degrees as soon as they let

nick: I am all for it. I need an honorary degree or something.

joe: Honorary degree. All right.

david: or an honorarium,

nick: oh,

joe: that’s even better.

nick: take honorarium. Yep, definitely

better. Yeah.

Let’s jump into this. You guys know how I do it? I have a definition

Do you have a list today?

geo: I thought you had a description.

joe: I mean all the above, but we’re gonna go, a D words. Yeah. A

nick: , we, , covered

joe: Fantastic four Marvel’s first family 1961,

nick: Stanley Jack

joe: Kirby. And so this is Johnny Storm. He is Sue’s younger brother, , just so that he can generate flames, fly and surround himself with them.

And so I wanted to start with what is combustion,

nick: and that’s

joe: as the [00:03:00] moment when matter breaks. Its bonds when oxygen, heat, and fuel collide, rapid oxidation, molecular breakdown, and a violent release of stored energy. This energy erupts in a form of flames, it and light, but in storytelling, fires mourning chemistry.

It is a symbol of change, rebellion of passion and destruction. And no one in a superhero cannon embodies this better than Johnny Storm the human torch. He doesn’t wear a mask. He doesn’t hide. He explodes with a single shout flame on. He becomes pure fire, radiant, reckless, and often just barely in control.

But fire is never just fire. It is the heat of adolescence, the illusion of ego, and the threat of catastrophe. It’s Johnny’s gift and his curse, a transformation that makes him powerful, but also volatile

geo: very nice.

joe: Thank you.

david: In short,

he’s hot.

nick: I’m shocked. Yes.

geo: Wait, okay.

nick: I wanna say in all senses of the

word, say,

joe: will say, oh, go ahead.

geo: Which character does Pedro Mascal

nick: Pascal, Mr. Fantastic.

joe: We’ve

nick: Which [00:04:00] we haven’t gotten to yet.

Because I was gonna say,

this would be spoiler alert,

joe: Next

geo: because he, because

nick: he’s hot,

geo: so maybe

david: That is a great character. Uh, I’m not gonna lie.

Yeah. I will, say out of probably all the shows that we’ve done and all the, you know, hypotheticals that I, I think this character is probably, I.

joe: The most hand. WII Yeah. This is a tough one. I mean, come on.

geo: come on. So spontaneous combustion.

nick: people do this all the time. All the

time. Yeah. Yeah.

There

has been

mysteries. inquire?

I I have not

no. Did you hear about that story where the guy burned alive in his chair with nothing else around him on fire? Come on. It’s usually

geo: everything like the torso and everything, but the hands and the feet don’t move.

joe: he walk away?

nick: No, he died. Okay. Well that’s, that’s part of the spontaneous

complexion, let’s say

geo: a.

pile of ashes.

nick: Okay,

Let’s say he was a charred skeleton,

joe: combustion work. [00:05:00] He,

nick: Johnny keeps living, right? I mean, so

We

got

a explain,

so we got a bunch of hand wavy of stuff

going on here. So a we have, and it’s a rundown his powers that did a little bit, but he can spontaneously combust, set himself ablaze, alright?

joe: That’s, and then he lives he turns it off just as fast

geo: he is not burnt or anything. He’s not

joe: or

david: no, no scar

tissue. scarring. He can fly.

nick: the fire, by the fire, by fire

to fire, which, we, we’ll

get back.

It might

geo: like

nick: propels him. Propels

david: feel like once you can,

you

nick: Once you go, and then

he can project the fire

joe: out.

You Yeah, yeah.

geo: thrower.

joe: thrower. like a flame thrower.

Exactly.

nick: this all seems addict. Insane. yeah, so that’s,

um, and you know, so

joe: so

geo: the plausibility is pretty much 0%?

nick: I’m,

joe: I’m gonna go. Yes, we’re

nick: gonna try.

joe: That’s, that’s the

nick: goal.

joe: We will,

david: Let’s just condition it like what’s the probability even of at will Spontaneous combustion,

joe: No

david: right? Like, let’s set the bar

low. heard of of spontaneous [00:06:00] combustion, but I never thought it was at will.

I suppose

nick: I, I think

david: that’s true. So maybe he’s adding energy. Maybe that’s the thing. The will adds the energy so it’s not spontaneous.

nick: Oh,

geo: So

I mean, you have to think about it, then

nick: he

joe: would be creating a whole new, set of organs probably to be able, in neurological

david: Or

joe: to project heat out, you know, we think about , a firefly or , with luciferase,

david: Sure. so some specialized chemical reaction.

nick: you can think

joe: of a lot of different oxidizers

david: stuff you put in your pockets in the cold, where you mix it

together and then your hands are warm.

nick: Mm yes.

About hot hands.

So, and you have to Hot hands. because,

david: the hot hands in the dice game.

nick: and you have to.

Yeah. and you have to generate

joe: because of oxygen, right.

There. There’s not enough oxygen in our atmosphere. It’s about 21% that you would be able to have spontaneous flame in this way. So you probably [00:07:00] would have to have some oxidant. We could think of a couple, maybe hydrogen peroxide, maybe a, a nitrous kind of compound, you know,

david: Or a heavy metal, maybe like arsenic

might work.

nick: I was thinking of

something that would kill us.

geo: are you

nick: Are you

joe: and that we

david: Yeah,

nick: because we, are you that he’d have to put that on his skin and then like, or

joe: it in some way?

nick: That’s, that,

the plausibility

of that he would have, he would have to develop some new kind of

gland .

, so it’s like a sweat glands,

Like a, like sweat

joe: Yes.

david: Except

with flames.

nick: Except that they would converse.

joe: Right, right. And they will converse

geo: They’d have

david: Would you imagine like there’s jets, like pores where the flames are coming out. , or

Like a grill,

nick: you

joe: kind of like

david: Like a propane

grill.

joe: Like a propane grill with

geo: a, but okay.

nick: A loose hose

geo: So

nick: David’s house,

in the comic, you’re testing the grill turns

into an

experiment.

david: Meat is the bal

geo: let’s not test that. Literally. Okay.

nick: Okay.

geo: [00:08:00] Now

in the comic book

He doesn’t have like pores or anything. Well, with your skin,

nick: I he doesn’t have like vis visible,

joe: cover that.

nick: I mean they just cover him in fire at all.

geo: at all?

joe: Not that I know of, no.

nick: You know, we have to,

You have ‘

david: cause what is, what is combusting, right? Like you need fuel, here.

joe: you need, you need heat and you need, you need an oxid

david: Yeah. And So the skin is presumably not the fuel

nick: But he can,, collect the heat energies

geo: from others.

nick: Yeah. So, uh, in an issue I’ve read, yeah, he, ended up heating up

david: Ah,

nick: lake.

To destroy a certain bacteria and then was able to go back in and absorb it

david: wow. Now that

nick: So he didn’t

david: that is the.

nick: all the, they took the fish out first.

joe: How’d they take the fish? Nevermind.

geo: Oh, okay. That, that

joe: yeah. Now we’re,

geo: that

nick: that all, so Reid was gathering them with his hands and then he was gathering invisible women, woman was, we

haven’t talked about Mr. [00:09:00] Fantastic yet. ‘

joe: cause that’s pretty

nick: fantastic. But

joe: let’s

nick: honestly, what he was making neck with his fingers, you know, just,

I can picture it.

geo: I can picture it.

nick: Just a couple things,

joe: just to set the baseline I think, David, you were headed this way a little bit,

nick: is that,

At,

joe: something around 41 c, 105 degrees Fahrenheit, you begin to get protein,

denaturation cellular lipid bilayer degradation. So the, the cellular bilayer, that’s what holds the stuff inside your cells. Inside of cells.

david: I mean even long before that, so that’s a, that’s even, you know, we’re at 37

degrees,

  1. Yeah.

joe: Right,

david: even when we have a fever, right? If we get a bad fever of above like 103, 104, the reason you’re going to the hospital there is ’cause you’re actually not able, your proteins are starting to denature

and as the proteins go, so goes the function of, of the cell and cognition and all that stuff we like

so.

nick: what happens

joe: to proteins at high heat, just imagine an egg, right?

I mean, that’s mostly protein that you’re frying up [00:10:00] and it coagulates into it like that.

nick: Is this like one of those drug TSAs, like Right.

david: This is your brain.

nick: you’re

geo: You’re,

david: is your brain on

heat.

geo: all I, all I

nick: a superhero?

geo: All I know is that , when I lived in Phoenix, sometimes you could fry an egg on the sidewalk.

joe: You

david: On the cement. Yeah. , on the asphalt, right?

Yeah.

geo: yeah. It’s hot.

joe: So there and

david: you know, tardigrade though, these, uh, there, there are certain extremophiles, how many times do tardigrade come up? Pretty much every episode.

joe: Not as many as you think, but it’s come up.

nick: Yeah.

david: things, , they actually evolved proteins that don’t even have a shape so that, , they can survive.

It’s really primarily for desiccation, but you can take these things up to 120 degrees. Hotter than anything else on the planet. And , they’re still kicking.

So, and

yeah.

so

it is evolutionarily possible

To recode [00:11:00] the proteome of certain cells to make them extremely thermo tolerant, heat resistant.

But a flame is really frigging hot, like Fahrenheit 4 51. Right. If it burns a book, it’s gonna burn

your skin.

joe: I, I think then, you know, with the glands that it may have a couple of functions. One may be to provide the oxidant for the

david: Ah,

the prop, the propellant.

Yeah.

joe: layer

of protective jelly or something

nick: Well, it’s also in his mouth too,

joe: you. It’s in his mouth.

nick: Yes,

geo: Have you

nick: So, uh, I

geo: anything?

nick: in one of the,

david: Of course,

geo: Come on, Nick.

nick: Well, in one of the cartoons, , he ended

up,

joe: you watching?

nick: That was watching all the Fantastic four ended up switching powers where he ended up getting invisibility and he, right.

Yeah, that was Yes,

joe: yes. That was the animated one. Right? Okay. Yep.

nick: So he, what? Heated up a slice of pizza and he took it outta the [00:12:00] microwave and he goes, oh, the pizza bit me. And I’m like, wait, what? You would have

to, and he’s like, oh, that’s ’cause it’s hot.

Yeah, This, this,

uh oh. ’cause

geo: oh,

joe: because

nick: protective,

whatever.

It’s protecting him from all heat it, it might be

that

his pain

joe: receptors are different,

geo: but you know, that

joe: be the

nick: other, ‘

joe: cause

david: ah.

nick: so you might have a

joe: whole neurological kind of change when you do this.

So, so you have to. Affect that also, that you might perceive pain very differently than you would a normal person.

geo: But do you remember the time that we were at the museum and then the stump people were there?

nick: The what?

geo: then they, the stunt people that

nick: oh,

stunned. I heard Stu.

joe: like

nick: like,

geo: stubby

david: stu

people,

joe: stu people were here,

nick: Georgia, please. You’re gonna get us canceled again.

geo: No, the stunt

nick: people,

geo: and they set themselves on fire. Like they put the stuff on , and then they set themselves on,

nick: they have

a lot of protective gear,

joe: like they’re not bare skin. So that’s why I

nick: think that,

geo: that guy in that show we [00:13:00] watch was bare

david: So you would have to regenerate this though, right? Because,

joe: right. Yes. I,

nick: I agree.

david: so there would,

joe: Yep. Some

david: there would be some refractory period, or at least some limit, right? On the.

geo: the,

nick: on

david: On the amount you could withstand if it were some type of protective layer,

nick: Yes.

Or you would,

joe: you would have some.

nick: Rapid

david: unless it’s other hand waving like atium or something like that.

joe: We we’re trying not to do

nick: we already in hand wa we’re trying

joe: take it

nick: away.

geo: Well, there was the, that guy that, oh, what’s his name? David. David Blaine.

joe: David Blaine,

geo: And we watched that show recently. And he sent himself on fire and dived into the remember, right?

joe: Yes.

geo: And there

nick: he he coated himself with like,

geo: some, but it

nick: was material jelly. That would

geo: skin, wasn’t it?

nick: it? Isn’t that like what you do with the spray? What’s that? Like axe body spray and people used to set it on fire.

Oh

yeah. Like

david: trying to get some in New Jersey?

joe: flame thrower.

It’s just

nick: is like

some

homemade flame throwers. Yeah.

geo: Yeah.

joe: movie when

nick: they’re [00:14:00] like, they got, they’re reaching on the counter. and They got the lighter

joe: a, you know, a can of aerosol.

geo: Yeah, but see that’s the opposite of protecting you. That’s makes it

nick: supposed to protect it? That’s

geo: like glider fluid. That’s right.

joe: Don’t put lighter fluid on yourself.

nick: are you sure

that’s not,

let’s not try. But gets to

geo: not

nick: that do not play with fire, period.

Unless you really want to No,

joe: no, please

geo: no.

nick: out here in in the

david: no kids. No. No kids.

geo: But

joe: a a couple things touched on, I mean you touched on , the tardigrades, but there are also the Archie that live in thermo vents and so they also have specialized, uh, kind of

geo: think of them.

nick: of them.

david: Extremophiles.

nick: clue what that is.

And

I think that David’s point,

geo: And what are those? Can you tell us what those are

nick: with a definition, please?

david: Thermi Aquatics is the most famous one, right? So. The reason we’re able to sequence the human genome or do any of the things that we do in modern molecular biology, amplifying [00:15:00] genes,, all this diagnosis for genetic disorders. It all comes from the, this extremophile called thermos aquatics, which is an organism that lives in one of these heat vents.

And people realize that it had to be able to replicate its DNA at an extremely high temperature so it can grow it, almost boiling water and still divide. And so it has these proteins in it that have evolved to be rock solid, so they won’t even denature under, boiling conditions practically.

So The cloning of this genome, what I mean by cloning is once people figured out what the sequence of the, of what’s called the DNA polymerase, it’s the enzyme in the cells that copies. Double helix and makes , the copy for the daughter they cloned that gene, found the sequence of that, and then you can put it in a batch of another organism like e coli and then produce a bunch of it, a bucket load of this enzyme and [00:16:00] then, , you can descend it to all your friends all over the world.

And now they can take their DNA and put it in a really high temperature and put it through a series of temperatures to allow this copying mechanism to occur. And so really the genomic revolution depends on an extremophile that was able to evolve to withstand a high temperature. Now

joe: It’s

david: still we’re solving a problem that’s not, uh, exactly getting us

there, But,

uh, it is quite

awesome.

Right?

joe: it’s a, it’s what’s called a pro

nick: is

geo: that like a single cell?

joe: it’s a single cell,

david: single cell Yeah.

nick: They are

joe: where you carry out, its, that means an a procars. We have a nucleus that contains our DNA. We have organelles like the mitochondria that provides power for our cell. A TP energy. A pro cario doesn’t have those specialized structures. , they are probably the simplest life forms.

geo: I

nick: argue, we throw viruses

in there, but

but

geo: I think, I think that name, that, that’s like a superhero [00:17:00] name. Can you,

could be, can you say that again?

david: tack. Yeah.

geo: No. What was it, ex the, what are they

david: Extremo file

geo: doesn’t that sound like that should be something that’s, so

nick: something, There, there are many,

david: Extreme.

geo: there are

joe: there

nick: are superhero, no,

joe: and there are many extremophiles there. There’s organs.

geo: organisms, so

nick: of

us kicking out on ex extreme ex files.

geo: Not, not all of them can get really hot. Just some

david: yeah. So This

one’s a specific, a

thermo file. Yeah.

joe: at thermal

vents in the ocean.

geo: You know what, when you’re

nick: you, when you’re talking about thermo

geo: I’m picturing like some vent in like a house there inside. I dunno.

nick: And, and then like

david: Turn the air conditioner off.

geo: and then some scientist is just looking in their vent. Oh,

nick: thermo file in there.

joe: Yes, yes.

nick: Get it out these thermophiles that,

joe: Gotta go down there GitHub. So,

geo: sorry.

joe: No,

nick: no, that’s

joe: [00:18:00] I

david: it’s the thermophiles versus the germaphobe.

geo: pho,

nick: I mean he are,

joe: and that’s, uh, the thermo files. They’re just, um, these kind of geothermally heated kind of vents that are on the ocean, sea floor and where kind of tectonic plates would be.

So you’re releasing a lot of heat and gas there. So it’s pretty, pretty hot. It’s pretty

nick: extreme. Just extreme. That’s

geo: and

david: like only Mountain Dew down there.

nick: The fact

geo: there’s scientists, that that’s what they study. I mean, do they have to be in the ocean? Like I, I don’t know.

I’m just, it seems so

david: so the scientists that discovered this, right, never, you know, they got funding for this back in, I think the seventies or something, and this guy just went to go and dig cores and then catalog what was in there and, , put it away for later. And then somebody, and then these guys, , 30 years later when they started making these little pieces of DNA were like, , it would be cool the allegedly took LSD [00:19:00] and had this vision of

nick: This is my kind of science driving down,

joe: , in California. Like some

david: Highway one, right? Or, or, I think so. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.

geo: to

nick: he pulled over tripping. And

he saw it in the,

david: He saw,

geo: Oh my God. Saw

nick: the

david: Yeah.

This is, at least this is the apocryphal story, I think. I don’t know if it’s real, but

geo: I, I

david: so, so it, so it said.

joe: learned the same story and it’s been passed

david: Yeah, exactly.

nick: So it’s like, that’s like lore,

geo: it’s science scientist lore.

david: this guy won a Nobel Prize.

His name’s Kerry Moles.

Yeah,

geo: crazy. That’s interesting.

nick: So

you’re saying we should be doing more LSD, is that

david: Basically that’s the moral of the story.

nick: I

geo: No. You

joe: you remember, do you remember the magazine

geo: Bio Kids don’t do

david: Yeah, of course. I know Bio techniques.

nick: somewhere I have

joe: one

nick: the

joe: the early. Issues him talking about PCR polymerase chain

david: Oh yeah. This thing’s called the

polymerase PCR. Yeah.

joe: That, and that you can take just a few fragments of

DNA and

or [00:20:00] RNA the instructions for life

nick: and

joe: then you can replicate it and then you can make many more copies, in a tube in a matter of, , hours.

And so

david: You may remember , in COVID, the gold standard test was the PCR

test, You could have a antigen test or a PCR test anyway. All the same

stuff.

joe: there? Yep. And that’s where it comes from. Someone doing LSD on the drive home.

nick: and this is,

geo: And

nick: it

hit too

david: there’s a main line from LSD to

COVID is now what we’re

saying.

nick: now

we’re making it a line. If you do LSD,

joe: can flame on probably. So We’ll,

nick: what’s wrong?

joe: the

nick: So on it come

david: As long as that LSD is fire.

joe: right. Flavor. on. Don’t try at all.

david: Another thing we should not do.

geo: So thir, you said they, they discovered

joe: these

geo: extreme files.

joe: extremophiles,

david: Extreme.

geo: can’t even say it. Yeah,

they found that and then it was 30 years later when he is like,

david: Yeah,

yeah,

geo: moment.[00:21:00]

david: totally. , it was one scientist doing the sort of. Scavenging for the future, not knowing necessarily what they were gonna find, but cataloging it. Well, doing the naturalism and just, , getting a small grant and going out on a expedition thinking that there would be some type of interesting biology down in these very, extreme conditions.

And lo and behold,

geo: In these holes

nick: holes

david: down

joe: hot

geo: holes.

david: it’s hot.

joe: that, that just

geo: that just goes to show, so does that original scientist that was doing more basic research. Did he get involved in an, in any kind

david: You know, he never got the Nobel Prize as far as I

know. Um,

nick: because

david: but I do believe, yeah, he didn’t even get to do LSD

joe: Nothing.

david: you know, I don’t

know. I don’t know this

man’s life.

geo: he might

david: I don’t know that

this man’s life.

geo: document it. Okay. So

david: And I also don’t remember his name and I do remember Carrie

Mo’s name. [00:22:00] So,

anyway. Yep.

geo: this

nick: a question,

LSD

joe: story, that’s

geo: this is kind of going,

nick: Yeah. Young scientist

joe: that.

Like, you just go off and, you know, I don’t know, you’ll just

nick: up all

geo: have an epiphany.

nick: You

joe: some napkins with some great equation written on

it. How’d that,

this here? Do we need to do this? Is this a rabbit hole of research science experiment? No.

david: uh, I some field work.

nick: yeah, that’s

joe: right.

But

geo: I, I have a question, so, yeah, go for it. Does, do people like scientists doing really, really basic research ever win Nobel prizes? Or is it usually something more advanced? Do you know what I mean?

joe: think

david: Well,

joe: Nobel Prize winners were doing basic research. I, I don’t I, I don’t think any, I can’t think of, I

nick: may, there may be somebody,

david: but

there’s always other basic researchers that should also get the Nobel Prize that are not included. ’cause they can only ever give it to three people. And any given thing, , involves, thousands.

right. [00:23:00]

Who knows,

nick: Okay. And who has their hands on it the most? Their labs.

Like they’re

joe: the labs they were in, they generated grad students, postdocs,

Technicians had worked with

geo: Right.

nick: Right. And so usually there’s a, there’s a web of kind of researchers who work and then those are the three that might win the prize.

joe: But then you had many collaborators, colleagues who, you know, they also participated in it. I think

nick: it’s like the Oscars,

it’s

joe: to Oscar with the, with the Nobel

geo: It’s like so many things, right? I think the big thing

joe: with the Nobel Prize is that it really shines a spotlight on particular areas of science and then amplifies that message.

And you gotta, to do that, you gotta highlight a couple people and go, oh, these are the people that really helped push this, , technology. So cryo

nick: EM

joe: 2017 at Nobel Prize was awarded and then everyone jumped in and had to build out their EM facility, you know, so it was this

whole kind of push and it really was because of the Nobel Prize.

And then people said, aha, this is really important. So. I think you

geo: get, it gives that validation, but. [00:24:00] I think that that’s why sometimes it’s much harder to, to convince people about basic research. Yes. You know what I mean? Like why are you

david: but there was

geo: time doing that?

david: There was a Nobel Prize for the temperature sensing receptors that, you know, speaking of heat and cold.

David Julius won the Nobel Prize a couple years ago for how, , how we detect vibrations that, , in our skin that actually, , tell us what temperature it is

geo: and

david: and how the capsaicin, the hot, , the ingredient in in chili peppers, it activates exactly the same receptors that actually detect heat, so you feel hot because it’s the , same signaling.

So I always thought that was quite cool.

Yeah.

joe: if Johnny can eat really hot peppers. Like what is the, because we talked about pain,

nick: I feel like he, could he just go

joe: and he just,

david: can you go ghost pepper?

nick: Well, I mean considering like

joe: Tennessee Reaper?

And, and just go

david: Chomp. Yeah. Ah,

joe: yeah. So I, I [00:25:00]

david: oh yeah. Good question.

nick: it. Like he’s like, no, this is fine. This is fine.

geo: He’s not gonna admit

nick: Yeah. You can’t say that.

Like he’s

joe: have to suck it up,

nick: he like, he’s a

joe: pizza. I’m just wondering, ’cause the pain receptors are what’s, what is the true nature of the pain?

Is it directly related to heat and it’s many versions of heat because one is, . Do you know, is the capsaicin heat receptors similar to other pain receptors or are there different pathway?

david: the, the trip family of, uh, so yeah, it’s a part of a giant family of, , what’s called ligand gated ion channels. So, they’re different things that respond to various things in the environment and allow neurons to turn on and off direct leave by sensing the environment. So, pain receptors have, some of them are in this class.

Yeah, I do believe that’s true. Yeah.

geo: Yeah.

joe: All right.

nick: So, yeah,

joe: so maybe we can get flames on, so , we

nick: flame on,

we can

joe: generate [00:26:00] some sort of oxidant, maybe hydrogen peroxide or something like that.

Our bodies already make that, so not a huge leap.

nick: Maybe to get there,

joe: you have some sort of glands so you can ooze

nick: it

out.

geo: And also the fat, the fat in your body would work as like a candle.

joe: The, the fat in your body

david: You think, that’s what’s actually being burned?

joe: But his internal organs stay intact.

geo: Doesn’t, I was

nick: say, he doesn’t melt from the inside. usually that’s

geo: that’s not a good thing.

joe: you don’t wanna, yeah. Yeah. But

no,

nick: uh, you’re right. Lipids,

joe: you know, and fats do burn. I mean, that’s, we, um, if

nick: calories would he have to have?

joe: well, we’re gonna get some calories potentially.

nick: But I was gonna touch

david: Yeah, that’s a

good

question.

joe: if you do any staining or any, , cleaning linseed oil, things like that, and you, if you read the can you’re supposed to take your rag , and lay ’em out to dry.

Because if you take it and you boil ball it up, , the lipids in there, in the oils will start to oxidize. And you have, then you have a fuel.

geo: a [00:27:00] spontaneous combust,

joe: fuel and it will spontaneous combust if you do that.

david: Oh no.

geo: I

nick: and in grad school we had a

joe: a professor of mine, he wanted to demonstrate this.

We were talking about these processes. So he took, a rag, dipped it in, linseed oil

nick: or

joe: tung

oil, one of the, one of the oils.

nick: And, uh, ball balled it up

joe: threw it in a beaker and left it on a table. Did the lectures, like hour long lecture, nothing happens. Really? Oh man, I was anti-climax.

We

nick: all leave Next day he

joe: in and the beaker, it’s like just ash.

I guess

sat it

in

nick: the hood,

joe: safely. That was the best place. Probably. He sat up on a bench or somewhere, put it in the

geo: hood, but still

nick: Still balled up and stuffed in there. he was disappointed. It didn’t flame

on.

And so at

joe: time during the night, his postdoc called him and was like, there’s a beaker in the hood on

nick: fire.

joe: Should I put it out?

is like, yes, put

it out. What you doing?

No, let it burn.

So

yeah, then he brings a beaker the

next day and he

tells a story and it was like, oh.

nick: And so, yeah, that, that’s a [00:28:00] safety warning out there for anyone

joe: using any, do not just ball a rags up and throw ’em in the, in the corner of your garage.

nick: But I love doing that.

They will fy here

joe: or

nick: throw it into the, dumpster and,

joe: and see what happens.

But

nick: yeah,

geo: that’s dumpster fine. Essentially

joe: you can,

there are

mechanisms love us biologicals

to spontaneously combust. I think the issue here is that it’s on command. And it’s fast. It’s

geo: not, and it doesn’t hurt him.

nick: time? Like right. And it doesn’t. That’s the third thing. But that’s, that’s probably the

geo: most important thing.

joe: That’s,

nick: I

think it’s fairly important if you’re gonna set yourself ablaze in, in some way. So that,

or I mean, for it to not hurt.

other

thing is maybe you have very fast skin regeneration. I mean, he is already himself on fire. So that’s some ability. He got these abilities ’cause he was bombarded with cosmic ray.

joe: Um, so it activated all sorts of genes and things like that. And, , we talked about

nick: this genetics,

joe: you know, your genome. And your phenotype. And I was just wanna say

nick: that

often

you don’t, you know, so he could have already [00:29:00] had

joe: advanced

skin

regeneration, let’s say.

david: S And so here’s the, here’s the thing. I was thinking about what kind of mutations that could help, right? So I know for a fact that you could increase the heat shock response and increase the ability of the proteins in the cell to stay folded with just a few mutations. But then, yeah, the regeneration too.

You would have to ga basically have a localized cancer stem cell population that just regenerates, but , never escapes the niche. You know what I mean? It’s kind of it. Those were the two, mutational ideas that I had. Yeah.

Anyway.

joe: that’s and I was saying that if you have,

know,

at, at some level, if you are never tested. Then you’re unaware that you have some new phenotypic ability,

geo: but then you happen to, so, so maybe, but then you happen to get,

nick: right.

He got this power

joe: then that was the thing that, right, it was kind of

like

the[00:30:00]

fusing to

Wolverine skeleton. It was because he had healing factor that allowed him to have Adam Addium fuse to a skeleton successfully. And so you had that, so if

nick: you didn’t know you had that power, you could

joe: just accidentally get tested on and then wake up with this power and you, you lived and no one else.

Because that, that was a question. And a couple episodes ago it was like, how come no one’s done tests to find a genetic, , pathway to recreate.

A human torch or a

geo: is that the question that we had asked?

david: mean, these

days we would use PCR.

And Oh, I thought you were gonna say LSD. No,

geo: that’s only if you’re Same, same, only if you’re a scientist.

joe: if

nick: If a you know, the, road trip, that’s right. If you’re on it, you’re not No,

you’re not.

joe: No. A PhD scientist. We’re gonna set some

nick: bad.

joe: here.

david: yeah, that Venn diagram is a circle.

nick: David. You got me right. We’re good, right? I I I can do this, right. No, I, for science,[00:31:00]

Georgia was asking,

because

joe: we had, , Jonathan Mayberry on and at towards the end of the episode, he had asked about how

nick: does

joe: Johnny stop from dehydrating?

geo: Oh, that, that was a, yeah. Thought that

joe: was a good question because you are. When you’re on fire you are, removing,

geo: the

david: this is where the tar grade proteins might come in. Right. You know, they’re also desiccation tolerant, so it’s gotta be some combination of, Antifreeze type proteins that you develop. I don’t know, it

seems,

joe: know, I had, I had another idea, I don’t know, if you might think this one, but I was thinking about face separation and biomolecular connaissance. I don’t conc

david: Ooh, yeah.

nick: Oh yeah. Oh yeah, me too.

Yeah.

joe: experience on that, but, uh,

david: Yeah. That’s, that, that, that’s a that’s another thing I do.

nick: Yeah. So, and just

to and

can you give

geo: us a little bit of a, so I was

nick: so I was just gonna say that

joe: that these condensates form when proteins and or RNA [00:32:00] undergo liquid, liquid phase separation, and so they reorganized themselves from this kind of liquid phase into a more dense membrane free droplet inside the cell.

Presumably giving it some heat protection or protection against other stresses, heat shock, oxidative nutrient, de deprivation, DNA

david: Absolutely. Yeah. All the,

nick: of.

joe: Yeah.

david: yeah, the,

if, if you can sort of

add,

that’s great. Yeah.

That’s fantastic. And

I, I,

nick: on

joe: so that’s why I,

geo: I just heard

joe: give a, a lecture

nick: on

this,

joe: so

nick: that’s why.

david: That was incredible. But yeah, it’s basically because the cells made of stuff and this stuff is all gooey.

joe: gooey

david: when you change, when you change the. Anything, the temperature, the goo mixes in different ways, right?

And will reorganize, it’s like a lava lamp in there, basically. And , as the lava lamp stays on longer, it gets hotter and you see the more mixing, right? So it’s the same type of idea that, , the [00:33:00] interior of the cell, it’s been a billion years that this thing’s been evolving. As the temperature goes up and down and up and down and over the seasons and over the latitudes, you just have a huge range.

And then the extre of files, right? We all have

In our genes the memory of all of this fluctuation. And so that has made us super tough. And so you can imagine somewhere out there, there’s some suite of genetic mutations that could confer an incredible amount. Tolerance. Now, it’s hard to imagine that being in a

joe: a

david: big ass person, like a human, like an animal, like I can see it in a cell, or, or a small

animal, I don’t know.

joe: effect, right?

So we

nick: could

geo: not a Johnny.

joe: so you could have these, uh, connaissance that lock. Like kind of vulnerable enzymes and proteins into some sort of protective

geo: you know, what bubble,

joe: that, um, it kind of

david: and [00:34:00] casing. Yeah.

joe: And then he’s just kind of,

nick: so almost a, that’s why I

joe: you would have to start at the layers of the skin and to protect everything in.

So you might not have to have this across every cell type in your body.

david: I see what you’re saying.

joe: limited to, uh, maybe even some specialized new It’s almost like a plasma TV screen. You know that’s a liquid crystal display.

david: actually. that’s, that’s

the right. metaphor.

nick: go. So what we’re saying is we’re moving out of the realm of handwaving. Right. Like, we’re gonna make

it

david: Yeah. You know,

this is, I’m, I’m, I’m coming a little bit round to the idea that this is a little

more,

nick: making

geo: this like

nick: And so you could have percent plausible

Yeah. I mean this goes

to like the

joe: episode. We

nick: ended there

joe: leading into this, because that was where I started and started thinking about that, is that you would, now, if you say well take all the other organs out and body, how do you protect everything inside just on the outside?

And that would be, so now you can have specialized glands with your oxidase or [00:35:00] peroxidase in there and some specialized organ generating the, the, that

there. And

you have

david: Little

reaction trap, the heat, so it

right. Yeah. I think

joe: you

nick: can even form that

joe: as condensates until it’s needed.

Right? So that’s that rapid on and off. So you could actually go turn on, ’cause peroxidase will form these nice crystalline structures inside of cells. And so you could turn on and then you ooze out and you then you

david: You know

what? You could, you could, if you had a little,

little mitochondria, ooze out, flame on.

geo: right?

david: If you recruit mitochondria over there Right. You could uncouple the mitochondria and generate localized heat.

joe: That’s right. Right.

geo: This

is what

david: Yeah. to

get the spark with the, the mitochondria uncouple or could be

nick: the spark.

Yes. That’s where

joe: I was. Yeah, you could do that.

geo: This is what happens when you get a couple scientists

nick: together.

david: the spark, man. This is,

this could, This could be This has legs.

joe: All

nick: right so

maybe we can

set ourselves on fire

joe: and not, [00:36:00] not die.

nick: So would it be safe to say that he doesn’t get sick then, or No?

joe: I think he’s still gonna get

nick: because I mean, if you’re raising the body temperature at the same

david: You’re

basically autoclaving yourself.

nick: yeah, you, you may. right. We

david: there could be some downsides to microbiome, right?

joe: so we just said that we were leaving all internal organs alone, so we were gonna try to maintain physiological temperature nor, uh, normal

nick: physiological

temperature.

But your body has to raise temp either way. No.

joe: Maybe just on the outside,

nick: which is still the inside.

joe: Hold on. What?

geo: No, but

nick: I mean, if you’re ha

david: I mean on LSD.

nick: a,

joe: you’re gonna have a, you, so

nick: you would have multi

Yeah.

but like, you

do get, you do get

fevers, right? So hold on. I’m saying that for the flame

on we’re going to,

joe: we’re gonna now have.

Several specialized layer new layers of skin, one a jelly layer

nick: to kind of

joe: insulate us, the jelly

david: Yes. Yes. Yes,

joe: gonna have then the,

you’re gonna have the [00:37:00] oozing layer that, that generates. And then you’re gonna have

nick: may, maybe, actually no,

joe: that back. You wanna have the, the jelly layer.

nick: and then

you would

joe: have some sort of other skin layer that might be a little more thermal resistant, can have this kind of, the kind sits on and off. And

nick: then I

joe: you would have your ooze layer

nick: and you would have

joe: kind of on top there. And now you would have, you

would have the ooze come through

but also in his mouth as well, is what we

david: You had, you had.

nick: You just said

only thing about

joe: the mouth was that the pain receptors were different. You didn’t say fire shoots out the mouth. No.

nick: No,

but

joe: means that his pain we said also that this pain receptors might also be modified so that he doesn’t really feel the pain.

nick: His temperature would go up. So it if it’s all around your mouth, you’re still having that pain receptors in there.

You’re not getting burnt every time you talk.

joe: Yeah. I mean, yes.

nick: And he talks all the time. I think the

joe: issue you’ve brought up and andour than the mouth is the eyeballs. I don’t,

david: Oh,

joe: know, I, I have, I

nick: don’t, he has some gooey [00:38:00] balls.

geo: he has go eyes.

david: Just always like gga.

nick: he probably has really dry eyes,

right? Yes.

joe: yes. See you.

geo: so

nick: They’re not gooey. I didn’t, I didn’t. Or

joe: Or, or you have some sort of like a membrane that forms already eyes

david: yeah.

joe: So there you go. Okay.

david: A heat re a heat shield.

nick: And you

might have

joe: membranes in your nose and your, your mouth. You might have specialized, like, you know,

david: Lids.

joe: Lids, yes.

nick: Cats.

joe: breathe, uh, uh, alternate breathing apparatus. So that

david: Yep. Yep. ABAs.

nick: yes,

geo: this sounds so plausible. Breathing’s

nick: gonna

joe: be difficult also. So, I mean, I wonder if he can hold his breath for a long time. How long can he flame on? Like, it’s like indefinitely, right? Yeah.

david: he can also fly, right?

So,

nick: is,

joe: flying is its own thing.

nick: What? He’s projecting it

david: but you could propel, yeah, you can propel

right?

geo: like Iron Man. Yeah.

nick: so I think,

joe: I think that before we go to flying, we should talk about projecting the flame, because that’s what you need to do. You [00:39:00] gotta do that before you can fly

geo: like a flame

david: I see.

nick: which he can project. An identical version of himself.

joe: Oh man, come

nick: He can’t,

geo: No, I’m done. That’s, I’m gonna

nick: throw

that

joe: in hand away.

nick: He calls ’em fmo, rip that magazine out,

joe: that comic up.

nick: He would bring it out.

Yes.

So I mean, yeah.

joe: you would have to, the projection system here is, is what you need. And, and there are organisms that project, you know, like the bomber day or beetle.

I think they

david: Oh yeah.

joe: Uh, some,

nick: exo, an

exothermic. I forgot

geo: about the bomb.

nick: I mean, how did you forget that? An

exothermic, uh,

david: Baba Doba Dome

geo: I

joe: it’s like a hundred degrees. I think it’s like a little,

nick: it gives

joe: its enemies a little surprise. It’s like you’re messing with me and

david: and the ladies.

nick: and the,

joe: so

nick: you would need, you would need this, a projectable flame,

joe: maybe gland.

I, I just like, we’re going with glands. Like you, you would have to have some built in, almost

like Spider-Man his web gland,

nick: are you [00:40:00] talking about? Spider-Man uses web fluid, not all of them.

Mm. That was in

joe: MCU. They had the

nick: no, it wasn’t in the MCU. He did it.

He

joe: well, that comes out

nick: of you. Oh, that

joe: That there? Yep.

Mm-hmm. Yeah.

nick: I mean, I, I don’t count him as in the MCU, but he’s in the MCU now, you know?

Once again, everyone was confused by him.

geo: what are some other, what are some other like fictional outta

nick: wait, it comes out of you just there,

joe: That

geo: that set themselves on fire?

I writer.

nick: Yep. I was gonna say, say, I think a Nicholas Cage, right?

Cage. There it is. Element, yeah.

geo: Nick Cage, cage

joe: Element also goes on fire

nick: element. You have,

geo: Cole? Yes.

nick: you have the, you don’t know who Element does

geo: No.

nick: No. Look on your face when you said that. Oh yeah. Element Stephen

joe: King’s fire starter. Oh, drew

nick: Barry

joe: Moore in the early eighties.

nick: that’s

geo: been a really long time since I saw that, and I really enjoy that

joe: she, her

nick: thing she didn’t

claim one, but

joe: projected the fire

geo: the, everything would be on f

joe: Well,

nick: that’s once you

joe: a little fire, then the[00:41:00]

geo: becomes a big fire.

joe: fire though,

geo: But it seemed like it just all of a sudden became really

joe: got that.

We didn’t start

geo: Yeah, we, we know, we know.

joe: Okay. Um, moving

nick: on.

stopped. That’s

geo: have, I

nick: have a list. I

joe: I have a

nick: a list of,

joe: of pre early fire controlling fictional characters pre Johnny Storm, 1961.

david: Ah, nice.

joe: so I was gonna go through a few of these. Uh, the Flame first appeared in Wonder World Comics number three

nick: wasn’t who 1939 inspired Johnny.

I mean, I think

joe: these kind of inspired, uh, that was 1939. You

nick: had the Human Torch,

joe: Jim Hammond, that’s the one right there. That was Marvel Comics number 1,

geo: 39. Woo.

nick: Mm-hmm. And

he was a synthetic

joe: Android who ignites into flames, flies, and protects fire. So he was an

nick: Android.

geo: I was gonna

nick: Android I

david: that

makes sense. Yeah.

Engineered. Yeah.

joe: You had, uh,

david: get, get around all the, all the biocompatibility.

joe: you had Prince Flame from Fiction House, planet [00:42:00] Comics

geo: Prince Flame. I

nick: thought he

david: at first I thought you were talking about Prince.

joe: Yes.

nick: Purple rain.

And

So Purple Rain and purple fire. Yeah.

He had full body flame control

joe: and he had fire projection. It was more a sci-fi. And we were talking about so many sci-fi in the golden age of comics like these sci-fi based, uh, comics.

We had fireman and dynamic comics, number 3, 19 41. And he gains fire powers from exposure to a volcano. He can flame on and off at Will, and he shoots flame and resists heat. Um, so very similar to Johnny Storm,

Man,

1941, punch Comics number one. He also shoots fire, super heat body abilities, wears a costume to contain or direct a flames.

geo: Like, um, the guy in the stand that started all the filming. Oh, right.

joe: Yes.

nick: What was his,

geo: he? Oh,

joe: that guy’s name.

Yeah,

nick: Gasoline.

geo: man.

No. Um,

joe: Gas man. No

nick: gas man. I

geo: I don’t know.

nick: know. It’ll probably, I don’t wanna be anywhere [00:43:00] near someone named that.

That’s a scam up.

geo: I know you read that so many

times.

joe: I

geo: Trashcan man.

Ooh, trash Can man.

joe: Trashy. Oh, trashy trash can man.

david: All right.

joe: Turkey tide.

nick: Okay. Yeah, and then there were, there were a number of,

joe: could imagine of kind of mythological folks who, who

david: Prometheus, right?

nick: Prometheus.

joe: You know, you had, uh, cer, , and Norris mythology was, uh, you know, the Ragnar Rock

You know, the giant who wields a flaming sword and engulfs the world of in Ragnar Rock.

So. Yeah, you had, um, you know, fre and uh, Islamic mythology.

david: Where do dragons come in?

nick: Dragons.

joe: yeah. Right. I think, you know, also they would, they breathe fire, so they have this ability. So they, that’s, and

so that got

me thinking, that’s why I went external with, with Johnny and trying to

david: Mm-hmm.

joe: a way to hand w them, because now you don’t have to explain [00:44:00] internal structures because you’re, uh, I think to David’s point, you have a lot more organs and systems that would be much more responsive and heat

damaging

effects that would, may take a long time to recover.

Our, our skin is very flexible and pliable and so, you know, a little more resistant to damage

nick: Was that a hint at the next episode?

david: Ooh.

joe: you mean the episode before this?

geo: Yeah. Flexible.

nick: Oh, oh, flexible. I don’t know where you’re going with it. Come on.

geo: yeah. It’s so confusing. Skin

nick: Flexibility.

joe: gotta have flexibility.

Um,

geo: I think Joe, you could be the solo stove man.

joe: A solo stove. I don’t wanna be the solo stove,

david: that’s another source of heat. that’s what you are in my phone now. Solo stove. Am

joe: I a solo stove man?

nick: Solo stove man.

joe: So, yeah.

Thinking about projection. Let’s go back ’cause I don’t know if we’ve solved that problem.

I guess we had the gland and you could [00:45:00] shoot out the gland.

geo: Is that like the goo

nick: Is that like the go? The No, the oohs,

geo: The goo in the lava lamp.

joe: Sure. Yeah, yeah. yeah. David’s point. Yeah. it. You

david: You know?

nick: wait, what

joe: a controlling,

nick: Why would that be? What

joe: a controlling gland to

nick: actually focus the fire

out? That

only

david: exactly you need to play. You need a way to focus.

Once you can focus, I feel like release is a little easier.

joe: Yes. ’cause

nick: a ‘

david: cause that’s,

nick: release

joe: stuff, like we talked about the bomb,

david: yeah. Like you dissipation. So once you have a, a channeling, uh, yeah. Anyway you, you generate the heat and then you localize it, and then you

And that can be done. I think that’s downhill.

joe: Yeah. once That’s downhill. the initial flames over your body squirting out

david: Once you have the

scaffolding,

joe: The

david: yeah, you can.

nick: squirting out.

your, oh, stop saying that. Goo.

I know There’s so many, there’s so many

david: just like another appendage.

geo: there’s so

nick: many [00:46:00]

geo: icky words. I think the, the only other thing,

joe: and so Johnny’s

kind of biology would be interesting ’cause we, we made all these modifications of skin and

david: Yeah. Right.

So how do you control it? Yeah.

joe: and things like that to, to actually have that.

nick: And if he loses

joe: his pain receptors, that already suggests that there’s been some neurological reworking

david: Some different type of feedback.

Yeah,

joe: that would happen. The turn on, turn off.

nick: I don’t, the

joe: thing I, I haven’t. Is quenching the fire? Is that as simple as stopping

nick: the

joe: release? I’m not gonna say ooze anymore. The release of

david: Right. Do or do you need an active shutdown?

I think you could I think release is as bad.

a, a closing of the channels. A closing of

the channels. That’s better.

joe: better. The of the channels.[00:47:00]

He’s finished.

Yes. But yeah, I mean that’s, yeah. And, and that, that fuel source, that, that could be lipid. That

geo: we figure out the dehydration thing?

joe: Well, we we talked

the protective jelly layer. Oh, gel layer. Okay. In there we talked about the conduits that might help with dehydration.

So as you have these stress events, you could be protecting or instead of having a proteins that, that’s, uh, d de nature, which means they just unfold. So proteins have a, usually a complex folding structure, and that’s what allows ’em to work and do specific work. You de nature, you’re just stretching that back out and then it can’t work any longer.

geo: And then is that when people die,

joe: People will die if there are proteins in nature. Yes. Okay. That’s, that’s generally what it happens.

david: People

Die.

joe: think

about the

frying egg. or a You heard it here first. Your

proteins Do not proteins We’re all gonna die,

geo: Defold

nick: You can’t be [00:48:00] folding yourself. And

they fold and, and usually they, they fold back in the same order so that you might go, what happens?

joe: You take the temperature down, so they actually denature then they start to kind of bundle up like spaghetti into clump and yeah, there’s problems. So,

david: then you get a LS or something.

joe: yeah, you get something bad. Let’s, um, don’t do that. People,

nick: um,

joe: yeah. So

nick: I

geo: that’s,

maybe we should list all the things you shouldn’t do.

nick: I just have a

david: set yourself on fire. There’s been a lot of don’ts

here. can end on some dos. Yeah.

joe: So,

Nick, what do you got? You said you had some hard hitting research coming in.

nick: Did I, I thought we were already go going over that, or, or, or, well, I

think he brought

geo: a lot in as far as like some of fans

joe: and. Extremophiles.

nick: have nothing on that stuff. No. He

dropped

geo: whole mouth thing. He

nick: He brought out, of like the, the setting of

geo: water on fire and then taking the heat.

nick: right.

And so the, the water on [00:49:00] fire,

joe: the set, you know. How big was this lake? A

nick: pond? It was like a small

joe: pond. Like some, a backyard pond.

nick: I mean, I don’t know what a backyard pond is. What is a backyard pond.

Joe, you don’t have a pond in your backyard

pond that would fit in

david: Was it? Yay big.

joe: Was he like

nick: a little, a

little pot of water? I mean, I can You know, end to the other. I this a fantastic, scooped out the few koy goldfish and,

joe: and on

david: we talk in Arizona golf course or New England golf course.

nick: I, I, I don’t know where either of those are, so I’m gonna go New England. I feel like they don’t have a lot of water there.

david: Oh yeah, I should have said something. Swampy

joe: Arizona doesn’t have a lot of water either. Come

by not a lot water, you would go Arizona,

nick: I don’t know, man.

It’s dry heat.

joe: Yeah, it’s, it’s dry

nick: I’m not from Arizona guys. Um, George is over here trying to fry eggs on sidewalks in Arizona. The

thing with, with

geo: Hey

joe: did he have, um, is his outfit specially [00:50:00] designed? Yeah. Does that give him some also protection? Potentially?

nick: It keeps unstable being nude. It’s every time he lights up is

in a nude. It, Sony doesn’t have the fashion It comes out

Buck

naked. No. It saves him from being Oh yeah. It’s so that he’s just like flame on and he comes

off. It’s so he doesn’t have a fashion Like, um, I

david: Hi.

nick: the first, first, until

the

fabric was made, he, he would just

stroll out flame. Pretty much. Yeah.

joe: just, you’re like, whoa, that guy is buck naked

nick: fly. Yep.

joe: on fire. Yeah.

Okay.

Okay. Um,

david: when you got it, flaunt it.

nick: what about his hair?

Hair.

That’s right. His hair doesn’t burn off. His

hair not burn off, which I think it would, that would be a nice fuel source. Yeah. I think that’s a

david: Oh yeah.

joe: the come, he should be shaved, he should have a shaved head.

nick: I mean, he was, has a mustache now

joe: have the

geo: the hair flaming,

joe: but then it, it burns off.

nick: But then we already established, that doesn’t happen to him. His eyebrows, he hold

the whole and body, Unless it’s made of a substance that helps to dissipate heat.

joe: but then how [00:51:00] biological substance. Yeah.

david: Like some, some keratin derivative.

joe: or something. Yeah. Or some other protein structure. Is this hair fluffy and light, or is it coarse and brittle?

nick: I.

david: Does it conduct

nick: You know,

joe: No. Yeah.

nick: this is on the pages of a comic. I have

no, once again, thank He’s an expert on that. You know, I, I, I don’t know.

joe: a comic, he might have fluffed his hair, like, you know, like a model, like, you know, we, a video. You

david: like flock of seagulls?

nick: That’s right.

joe: yes.

nick: Like Bobby, he throws his hair back. I don’t know man. He’s got a mustache. Yeah. Yeah.

joe: Yeah.

geo: That

nick: problem. Yeah. Hair.

joe: I think, I think he should be hairless. Like, we’re gonna do this. Right. He should be hairless, no

david: Full alopecia.

nick: That’s right.

So he, to glue him on every time

And I think all of his orpheus

should have

joe: membrane guards.

Like he should

david: Yes.

joe: Yeah. I [00:52:00] think nose, eyes, ears, mouth.

nick: Wait, so what is a membrane guard now? Like, is is it supposed to be like a flap?

geo: it.

joe: Yes,

nick: exactly.

This is

disgusting. He

geo: about it.

nick: Yeah, but he didn’t really go over it. He

just, it was like a lid.

Spanked their

flap. Also, man, you

geo: a lid

joe: You know, you have everything there.

nick: So you’re, you’re, you’re just pretty much putting corks in everything,

joe: the holes,

nick: corks in every hole.

joe: They’re

nick: not, you got a hole, we’re gonna cork it.

Flaps,

david: plug you.

joe: they’re membrane All right. And that’s, I mean, that’s in nature that are a lot of animals that have There are, Kind of, uh, protection.

geo: Well, is that what our, is that what our islands are?

joe: ways yes, but there are, I think all, I mean is it alligators? I’m trying to think of so many aquatic animals that are amphibious

david: With, yeah. Yeah. Yeah.

joe: when they actually go into water, they have another membrane that will cover their

david: like STO in plants, right? STO are a great

nick: Stomata for

joe: gas exchange.

And so they allow gas [00:53:00] exchange between the environment. So maybe Johnny has some Sada and

david: Yeah.

joe: he can have

nick: some gas exchange

Johnny

geo: Ada.

in The gas exchange hanging with . Oh my,

david: Oh,

nick: look out Look out

geo: that gas exchange.

joe: Torchy.

david: well that explains the heat.

joe: He’s rigging a heat. But yeah.

nick: But that,

joe: I think that would be the way.

Now if flying is I don’t know. I got nothing for that.

david: I got nothing for flying.

I mean, unless we got gas exchange propulsion.

joe: It’s

nick: shooting it down. ’cause you guys have glands now

shooting down.

david: just like a whoopy cushion,

geo: Yeah.

nick: But you, gotta, he’s shooting out the flame it’s a, you also

have to generate enough

joe: for lift. you, you just can’t shoot like a little, like

nick: to set you on

joe: fire. I just need to shoot a little flame at you and you’ll

nick: go. But he doesn’t just web it out. It’s[00:54:00]

joe: yeah. He shoots it out like his

nick: hands.

Yeah. Which is what

geo: have. It’s like

nick: gland in his

geo: Ironman. That’s how he takes off.

david: hand glands,

joe: he,

nick: but, but he’s, he’s

joe: some propulsion, right? So you’re generating force to push, to give you lift. And he has, he has boots. He has like the propulsions on his boots and so he lifts

nick: off. He’s got the propulsions on his feet too.

joe: That’s

david: he, he stands

on his grand gland

hands.

joe: Johnny.

nick: Yeah. Oh, he has

joe: glands in his feet.

nick: I mean, I’d assume so.

joe: He has feet glands. We didn’t talk about that. I

I guess

if he has skin, he could shoot,

he could have glands all over the place. You’re right.

nick: He is a gland.

joe: we gave him a new layer of skin

geo: gland, man.

joe: That’s

nick: why his skin looks so good. Stop. Maybe

that’s

joe: his skin looks so good. He looks so

david: Oh yeah.

Glow up,

nick: But now he’s just gonna be hairless. He’s just

joe: just hairless

nick: Beautiful skin.

Skin though.

joe: skin though

geo: Hair.

david: but but yeah,

joe: What kind [00:55:00] of jelly do you apply to your

david: because it’s on fire.

nick: And so, yeah. So then I had

joe: you, you asked about I think you asked about the caloric intake.

Yeah.

david: Oh yeah.

joe: if we go with this whole process where you are you know, I mean, all sorts of stuff. You know, this new skin, skin regeneration. , this jelly, whatever it’s made out of, , maybe something like aloe vera kind of product in there. That’s, that’s very insulating.

nick: Yeah. I mean

joe: I’m, you’re probably just base metabolism.

You’re, you’re 10, 20,000. Um, I think if you’re an

nick: even ex skirting all the goose going,

joe: I think if you’re, you’re, I think that’s just chilling. I think it’s the most like wolverine level that, that this might be 50, 50,000, I mean, the cellular regeneration, the,

david: Yeah. Yep,

joe: You might need increased hemoglobin for oxygen, you know, we talked about.

So you don’t suffocate as you’re flaming on and depleting oxygen.

nick: I

joe: do think that you would, yeah, I think you would burn some significant calories

nick: in this burn

[00:56:00] process, no pun intended.

joe: yes. But yeah. So I’m, I’m on a high end 50 a hundred K per minutes of flaming on like, I think

david: brushing eggs all day.

joe: you’re just gonna be

nick: chewing through calories. Big Max Golo. Oh my.

joe: Just line ’em up.

nick: But

joe: they’re fantastic for, they’re pretty wealthy. Yeah,

nick: yeah.

joe: Yeah. So,

nick: I mean, they can afford

it.

joe: need to go to trial. I mean, that’s why they were doing unsanctioned

nick: space exploration

joe: led to this all, you know,

nick: this whole catastrophe.

because scientists are just normally wealthy.

david: we’re just great. in it. That’s right. Just hanging out We’re taking

with extremo foils.

joe: at the extreme of files. We’re going,

We’re gonna

go some un unsanctioned space Odyssey,

I’m Oh, yeah. Let’s go. Yeah,

let’s do it. I’m in. some, superpowers.

just need my

get little

nick: get little degree. Yeah,

david: [00:57:00] Just your honorarium and a vial of LSD.

geo: I’m in. That’s it.

nick: That’s

david: Let’s go

nick: that how we’re gonna get to space? Bunch of

LSD.

david: field research.

joe: get

somewhere.

nick: My car will turn into a spacecraft.

Here I go again.

joe: Yeah. So

nick: cool.

joe: think we did it. I think we pulled Johnny A.

geo: I don’t know what we did, but

nick: I mean, I, I I think we’ve completely made him

joe: Stillman

geo: Ani and

joe: Yes.

nick: Alright.

david: All right.

nick: Yeah,

david: Well, thanks. Thanks you all. It was a treat to be on here as always. I, I hope to get a green jacket on my third appearance,

so uh,

joe: there you go. Yeah, yeah. You got something

nick: you’re, you’re gonna be on for

david: I’ll get something.

nick: Season three.

geo: gonna get an honorary degree.

joe: We’re gonna get you

david: Oh yeah. Awesome.

nick: a nice suit, some

joe: Yeah, some oozing glance. That’s, uh, that’s it.

david: May we all have oozing glands.

nick: Oh no.[00:58:00]

david: Alright.

joe: on that note, you have, uh, you have me, Joe.

nick: Yeah. Nick.

joe: You got Nick. Got Nick. We’ve got Georgia and David and Oh, we got David still there. He already said bye when he said bye again.

david: Yeah, but I’m still here,

so yeah.

joe: We

nick: didn’t cut you

off. Bye.

You,

joe: We

nick: don’t

do that

today, guys. We let it,

joe: we let it ride out. And did we?

nick: I think we set some holes of flame

joe: We

geo: We

david: All right.

nick: Some hot holes. Holes.

david: will actually leave now.

nick: we’ll see you

david: Thanks Everyone.

nick: Bye-Bye Love.

joe: y’all.

Fantastic 4 series: Episode 38: The Thing: Strong Skin 

Click the link to listen or search Rabbit Hole of Research where you find your other podcasts:
EP38: Ben Grimm and The Thing About Skin
NYT bestselling author Jonathan Maberry joins us to explore the handwavium, biology, and symbolism behind strong skin—from the Thing’s rocky dermis to memory tattoos and the scars that shape identity.

Transcript:

joe: [00:00:00] Hey,
welcome to the Rabbit Hole of Research. We’re down here in the basement studio with another exciting episode in our Fantastic four
series. We’ll be focusing
a little bit on the thing and
all things strong, tough skin. As usual, we have the whole crewhere. You have me, Joe, you got
geo: Nick, we’ve gotNick and Georgia.
joe: We’ve got Georgia.
geo: And
joe: have a specialguest with us.
geo: And for our
joe: we
geo: let the guestsintroduce themselves.
joe: Please.
Jonathan: Hi, I’mJonathan Mayberry. I’m a New York Times bestselling author. Multiple genres. Iwrite horror, science fiction, fantasy, whatever. And also a comic book writerwrote for Marvel for a bunch of years, dark Horse, IDW doing some freelanceprojects. Now they’re a lot of fun. I also edit Weird Tales magazine and keepmy myself pretty immersed in the pop culture world, which is my home space.
My, that’s my comfort zone.
joe: Yeah. Awesome. No,it should be fun. Hopefully we can fit [00:01:00]you, fit right in here with our witty banter at times. I don’t know. So you
nick: I do have tosay that I’ve read a lot of your stuff that I did not realize was yours untilabout a month ago. I was like, I read that. Oh wait, I know his stuff. It wasjust
Jonathan: get a lotof that from folks at events too. And that, that’s cool. It’s always a readingthis stuff that’s what matters most, but. When I was at the the world premiereevent for the Black Panther, Wakanda forever I not only did were peoplesurprised that I had written anything that became part of that movie.
Everybody there was surprised I was white including RyanCoogler. Ryan Coogler had came up to me in the, at the after party. He, you’rewhite. I’m like, I am. Oh my God. He had no idea. He thought I was black. Interms of talking about skin, that’s interesting.
joe: Yeah.
geo: There you go.That’s a great segue.
nick: Yeah. Sousually
joe: I
geo: have
joe: a definition thatget us grounded and I have a
geo: list
joe: so I’ll do thedefinition what is skin. [00:02:00] But I dohave a special list for Jonathan because I know he likes facts and he alwayshas posts on social media.
If you follow him on all the different flavors of social media,he has. Tell me something new or something. I don’t know. So
nick: I have
geo: a list and
joe: I’ll see how manyof those facts, but I’ll
geo: start with thedefinition to get us started. What is skin? Skin is biological armor.
joe: It’s a sensorinterface, a site of cultural
geo: inscription
joe: and a metaphor foridentity.
It’s the most visible and tactile representation of self and infiction, a canvas onto which transformation, trauma and power are projected. SoI think that’s
Jonathan: Wow. Nicelyphrased. I like that.
joe: you.
nick: Yeah. And so wewere,
geo: as I said,talking
joe: the FantasticFour.
geo: And,
joe: We already had thefirst episode on a Fantastic four come out.
And but just a recap. It’s a fictional
superhero team uh, by Marvel,
created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby first appeared in Fantasticfour, number 1, 19 61 Marvel
comics. [00:03:00] consideredMarvel’s first superhero team, or the
first family and helped establish a more human,
flawed,
family driven style that defined Marvel storytelling.
Ben was one of the members of that team. He was Reed Richard’scollege roommate and former football star.
Jonathan: Yep.
joe: And Ben had he, hewas
geo: after a
joe: trip
illegal
and or
A unscripted trip into space they
were bombarded by
cosmic rays Ben got disfigured and he was given this kind ofrocky, orange,
scaly skin
that was superhuman strength impenetrable and had all thesekind of nearly imper impervious to damage and things like that.
So yeah, that’s the character.
nick: Yeah. So I dohave to say that it is always so interesting seeing him in the comics becausethey tend to show the strength of his skin. ’cause are, [00:04:00] we’re considering it skin. Yes. I would
geo: consider
joe: skin. Yes. As the,
probably the
outer later the dermis was modified in some way, but,
nick: Yeah. And it’salways so fascinating ’cause I was reading an issue I’ll have to put it in theshow notes where they it was they were pulling him apart and like you just sawall of his skin. It looked like a gum being pulled. And it was just like, whoa.Like the amount of pain that has to be, I’m assuming it’s like a scab thatwould just be like.
Jonathan: Yeah. One,one that’s not ready to fall off, but they’re trying to pull it.
nick: exactly. Andthen I told him, I’m like, oh it’s, yeah. Fantastic. I love that.
Jonathan: And Ialways loved when Kirby would show me him getting a really hard impact. One ofthe ways they would use to emphasize the impact is pieces of rock would beflying off of him.
joe: Yeah.
geo: another
Jonathan: would beblood from a, a busted nose. But for him it was always pieces of rock fallingoff and that kind of defined how hard he was being hit because he’s impervious.
But somebody could [00:05:00]do that, at least to him,
joe: and knock off bitsof skin and or his outer structure, which is interesting. And thinking abouthow that would actually form I think NICU hit on it with and scar tissue wasone that, that immediately came to my mind that as he was bombarded was, wasthat now some scarification and you have this kind of, , in terms of scars, youget fibrous tissue that forms as you get the scar. So is that now
geo: been
joe: modified as DNA?And so you get this kind of overgrowth and then calcification and then almostkind of mineralization there that would form this kind of outer exterior.
then
as you as you were just pointing out, Jonathan, that as it getsdamaged, bits gets knocked off, but presumably is regenerated.
And so that means this is some
geo: active
joe: process thathappens.
Jonathan: And hisskin would have to be, his rock skin would have to have to be at least porousor something. Otherwise he would,
nick: Thanks.
Jonathan: the theskin’s the most important breathing apparatus next to our lungs. And [00:06:00] so he would need that. And funny ’causeI’ve had a conversation about this with Stan Lee years ago at the Houston ComicPalooza, I think it was.
And buttress, we’re talking about different characters and howthe, somehow the conversation come up is how they would get medical treatment.
nick: Oh,
Jonathan: Ben Grimmhad beautiful white teeth. how dentist worked on. Were his teeth set in gums orwere they set in
joe: Rock.
Jonathan: A couple ofus were asking questions of Lee and he is we didn’t think that far.
joe: I mean, Nails,Nonas fingernails.
Yeah. I mean you, you have all of those external
besides breathing and pores, you also have tactile sensation. Askin is our communication to our environment.
So if you lose that you lose a major sense. It’s almost likebeing blind or deaf or any losing any other senses. So that is something that Idon’t know if they cover that in any comic line or,
Jonathan: they touchon it because there are times, even though when he, especially in the earlyFantastic four comics, he and Johnny were always in a a baiting war. They’realways trying to get [00:07:00] you right intoeach other. And sometimes Johnny would try to scorch him and he would, he wouldact, he would run away, he would react to it so he could feel pain, feelpressure but his skin.
It was like being on the other side of a fireproof garment. Youfeel the heat, you just don’t get the actual firm. So that might be where theywere going with it if they even thought that far. But, because presuming thathe, he, something like that could exist.
And the version of it we’re seeing in the most recent trailersfits the old Ben Graham a little more.
How I envision him. He’s more fluid, he is more flexible. It’sless like a rock man trying to move than a man who made a malleable rock. Andit must be malleable.
If he’s going to reach
joe: right?
geo: Yeah.
nick: Be able to grabthings.
joe: Yeah. You have tobe flexible still. And that’s part of it, that when this transformationhappened, when
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: theflexibility can’t just be the subdermal layer because if he was stretching, youwould see gaps as, so it must be the rock itself rocket [00:08:00] that is stretching like an alligator skin and so on,which looks armored, but it still has a degree of flexibility. ’cause otherwisethe thing couldn’t operate couldn’t swim or anything else.
nick: that’s actuallya really good point. Like putting it towards like an alligator skin. I wouldn’thave even thought of that.
Jonathan: Actuallywhere I’ve always gone with the things skin because it has to move and know.You mentioned that I’m a research or knowledge junkie. I am a knowledge junk. Iwas a kid I, that’s what I was trying to figure out how he did that, where theHulk got his extra mass from, because Bruce was maybe 150 pounds and the Hulk.
So there, I knew just enough about science even as a kid. Tohave questions. And some of those I did get to ask, Stan, because I got to knowhim pretty well last few years of his life. And also some of the other folkswho worked on Fantastic Four. I had conversations with John Byrne about it.
J Byrne was more of the, everything’s elastic, just reallytough thing. And I mentioned to him about I called it crocodile skin, but thesame alligator skin, same thing. [00:09:00] Andhe said that, that’s probably exactly what it’s like that just thicker.
joe: Yeah.
nick: A
joe: more adorable or
geo: yeah,
joe: Or calcified insome way.
So you would have that, some combination, maybe armadilloscaling also would, it has some level of flexibility in It’s the way it’sjoined. And
geo: also
Jonathan: he smiles,he laughs, he frowns. All of those require elastic skin of the facial musclesand skin.
joe: And a muscle.Yeah. You, the muscle control of all that’s just not you.
You still have to maintain that. Yeah. Yeah. That
Jonathan: I.
nick: Yeah.
Jonathan: like thataspect of the thing of that, that concept of the thing being more elastic,more, it makes him more human and also makes him more of a scarified victim ofwhat’s going on, rather than a transformed into a monster thing. Because I, hewas always about the monster and he wasn’t a monster.
He was a victim of a reaction, a mutated skin reaction tosomething, it’s a cosmic race. It’s unfair and sad that he became, the [00:10:00] ugly one.
nick: I think you hiton a good thing right there where he does get identified as a monster and seenpeople with different deformities do get, back then people were like, oh,they’re either had a curse put on them or something.
It was just always, this is a monster.
Jonathan: yeah. Andthen we’re leaning in a little bit to the paranoia that was pretty common inthe fifties and sixties, anyone who wasn’t us. That, that other thing, plus,it’s the beginning of the civil rights era. Era, so you have a lot of that,it’s not us thing but that’s also, again, Kirby and Lee leaning into, justbecause it looks different, doesn’t make it not human.
I think there was a little bit of that in there too, which theyexplored with the X-Men and some other things. But I love the fact that BenGrimm is a good guy and I hated the fact that, and so many of the early comics,he’d be walking on the street maybe with a slouch hat and a car up.
Somebody would see him and it would be terrified. First off,why about issue two? They should know he exists.
geo: Right
Jonathan: It, they,Lee and Kurt kept wanting to make the point. And it’s funny [00:11:00] because the point they were making is whatwe in, in, in the novel trade it’s one of the rookie mistakes of assuming thereader doesn’t remember from the last episode to detail play down and keepsneeding to be reinforced.
I can understand it in Fantastic Four ’cause it was the firstMarvel comic, but they kept it going well into I think the forties issue,forties and in that
Still regarded as a monster. And I think even I, I’m Monster Ithink was maybe one of the titles or this man, this monster that was the
So that he’s still trying to get back to being human ’cause hestill is has now bought into the, people see me as a monster, therefore I amone.
geo: Yeah. That
Jonathan: It’s a sad
joe: and that, thatseemed like some of that storyline, if we think about just his identity, thathe was just sweet, caring person, but then he had this external kind of, it wasthis play maybe oversimplification
of these, traits that he had.
And you get that [00:12:00] andI you brought up. Just to segue a little bit to the civil rights movement thingis Luke Cage then in the, who came out, who also then was given tough skinunder different circumstances, this coerced, experimental activity. And thenthe racist the warden or police officer screwed with the
instrumentation.
then he was given, the super strong literally impenetrable kindof skin. So this very tough skin. And so that was a very different. So he wasvery normal on the outside, but society, at, seen him as a monster. So it’sthis this area.
Jonathan: also do youguys, guys know who John Lewis was, right?
nick: Yeah.
geo: Yeah. Yeah.
joe: yes.
Jonathan: So he did acomic called a March for IDW. We did a signing, together at one of, at ComicConone year. And we were talking, and Luke Cage was I think just coming on TV atthe time somewhere around the the Luke Cage era on Netflix.
And we were talking, and he’s in his theory on the, you LukeCage having the armored skin, is that black men, [00:13:00]black people had to be so bulletproof in terms of their reactions to what isbeing
About. That, what they did to Luke, what Luke represented was,no matter what you say, you can’t hurt me.
Was that kind of an approach that was at least John Lewis’stake, and I valid one
joe: Yeah. No, I,
geo: But
Jonathan: but again,I don’t know if the creators had that specifically in mind. It’s like withGeorge Romero in Night of Living Dead. I just wanna jump
A second, because in Ge Night of Living Dead, you had a blackman who was the only strong, intelligent
geo: right.
joe: And
Jonathan: and all thereviewers said, my God, this was this incredible civil rights movie.
It’s about racism. It wasn’t, he was the only good actor whoauditioned.
joe: Yeah,
Jonathan: right,George Romero saw those reactions and from then on leaned into that as theinterpretation of even that first movie. I think I would agree Marvel may becounting its own design aesthetic when, they gave some of these characters,these qualities.
I think they [00:14:00] may,I’m hoping at least on some subliminal level, they were trying to make thatkind of of equitable statement, about just because we are different does notmean we are bad or wrong or evil or monsters or anything. And, Marvel had themore progressive vibe than DC anyway, so I think that may have been, aningredient in the soup at least.
joe: Yeah. No, yeah, Ithink I totally agree with that and see that from that perspective especiallygrowing up in, in America as a a. Person of color, a black man that, that it issomething that you go out in the world and you have to be
as
good or better than your white counterparts at times.
And sometimes you’re the only, and so then you have that weightgoing out into the world, so that, that is also, both. And Luke Cage’scharacter was a large man, almost a John Henry kind of figure. So it wasn’tlike they took a skinny, black man and said, okay you’re now
nick: but superskinny.[00:15:00]
joe: he was
geo: a right,
joe: He was really a,he was
nick: intimidatingfigure. Yeah, that’s
joe: right. For, so
geo: and it wasliterally having tough skin. Literally
joe: skin. And,
geo: And, being ableto deal with
joe: right. And
geo: All, and skin,and
joe: Touch upon it alittle bit. But, enslaved people were used in experiments on skin andparticularly testing of thick skin.
So there was this
geo: theory
joe: that, theseenslaved people didn’t feel pain because they had thicker hides like animals.And so you had
geo: a
joe: number of slaveowners who would do these experiments and torturous experiments and go throughit. So that was it. And those myths persist even today.
That, with pain medication and thing that, that black peopledon’t need, as much, or can tolerate more pain because of these these kind ofracist ideals that, that were put out
nick: and that havecontinued,
joe: has continued.Yeah.
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: there,there was a a poem that may Angelou read at Temple University years ago, [00:16:00] and one of the lines in it, and I’ve triedto find this online, is just because I survived being whipped didn’t mean Iliked it.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: That andthat
geo: kind
Jonathan: speaks alittle bit to this, just because they survived the things that people put themthrough, didn’t mean they were invulnerable.
It meant they, they were committed to survival
It should have been admired rather than looked at as a freak ofnature, thing. But,
joe: No, definitely.Yep. No.
Jonathan: I just
wanna say one more thing about Fantastic Four. I don’t know ifyou know this story, Joe, but that comic first of off, it was my favorite comicand this was the very first comic I ever
joe: Wow. There it is.
nick: Oh damn.
geo: Oh wow.
Jonathan: Bought thatwhen I was a kid.
I was nine years old.
geo: Wow.
Jonathan: The thingabout Fantastic Four is I, my background had a lot to do with skin in thisregard. My father, who was a terrible human being, ran the local chapter of theKKK. So I grew up in a household dominated by racism in a neighborhood inPhiladelphia that was known as White Town, USA.
That was the [00:17:00]nickname of my neighborhood. It’s still rated as the worst neighborhood inPhiladelphia, even, it’s yay team. And it was
joe: which neighborhooddid you grow up in? Kente. Okay. I was gonna try to guess, but I didn’t
Jonathan: never beenthere. If a black family would move in the neighborhood, their house would befirebombed,
joe: Yeah. Wow.
Jonathan: terribleplace.
So when an issue, was it 52 that black Panther showed up? Whenthat character f because I’ve been, even though this was the first, fantasy 466 was the first comic I bought. I’ve been reading comics since I was a littlekid. My brother gave me all his comics before he went off to Vietnam.
So I had, fantasy four, going back to issue two and issue 52 ofFantasy four introduced a black character who was nobody’s sidekick. He was no,he was not comic relief. He was not a start to, he was the king of his ownnation. He was a scientist and he was a superhero. And of course, my fatherwould see that comic, he’d rip it up.
And, I would always rebuy them. And then later on in seventhgrade, I actually went to a, my middle school librarian and brought a co [00:18:00] one of the copies one of the comics in andsaid my father, she knew who my father was. Everybody did, my father hates thiscomic. I don’t really know why.
’cause I was, I hadn’t met any people of color up until seventhgrade. My neighbor was white. And she looked at the issue and said thatparticular, she was about apartheid. I’m like, what? What is that? And sheexplained it and she said do you know about the Jim Crow laws? I’m like, no.
And she said, do you know who Martin Luther King was? I said,yeah, he was this, and unfortunately, I used a racial epithet because that’swhat we were trained to use. I said, he was a bad guy who was killed my father,had to throw a party. And she said, sit down. For two and a half hours.
She gave me a crash course in what intolerance and racism areall about.
nick: the
Jonathan: And theissue that I brought in was interesting because it speaks to the topic hereabout skin. It was the issue where Tal is arrested in the Marvel universeversion of South Africa. I forget what the, what they used to call it in thecomics, but he was arrested, he was in prison.
And Ben and Johnny go to [00:19:00]break him out. Ben is orange, brown, Johnny when he is a is red a brown man anda red man helped a black man out of a prison. That is not an accident. EvenSue. Nowhere in sight.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: And it flewright over the head of a lot of people. But, my my librarian, she said, this islike very clear.
It’s, this is about, the races who have to stick togetherbecause they have a greater enemy. But they’re still people and they should bere regarded based on their actions and, content of their soul or quality ofsoul. But it was so interesting that they had, I think it was Ro Roy Thomasmaybe wrote that episode over that issue, but it was so clear, brown, red andblack.
joe: Wow.
geo: Yeah.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: threedifferent skin tones that were really politically charged at the time, withthat 1971 or so. And it, because it could, they could float it by people in acomic, because you could talk about different skin colors, different skin typesin comics because they’re superheroes or super villain.
geo: Right?
Jonathan: But therewas a group, [00:20:00] there was a percentageof the fan base that was getting it.
joe: Yeah. That’s good.I know
Jonathan: I got ahint of it there. And from then on my views and my father’s views split justsay on an epic level.
geo: wow.
joe: Yes. No,
nick: So I have toask how.
joe: how.
nick: Did he knowthat you wrote for Black Panther and all this? He
Jonathan: He was, hedied before that. But had started studying martial arts on the sly when I wassick because, it was a very bad household to grow up. And my four sisters and Iwere pretty badly, abused. And when I was 14, he and I had it out. We had afight. And from that point on he just say there were no more meetings of theKKK in our house.
And he did not make any statements or put his hands on anyone.But
He did not live long enough to see my Marvel comic stays. SoI’m hoping that he’s in his graves spinning it about war. None. Not only did Iwrite Black Panther, I wrote Black Panther, but the female lead, so I wrote afeminist Black
geo: Wow.
Jonathan: probablyhis bones have probably exploded.[00:21:00]
geo: Wow.
Jonathan: I’m okaywith that.
joe: Yeah.
nick: That is sointeresting to hear like that Is your upbringing like being able to come fromthat kind of background to writing some fantastic stories about minority leadsthat, that’s so in
Jonathan: of thatstory. I got the job at Marvel for this particular thing ’cause Reggie Hu,who’d been writing Black Panther. I was already done. I had done a MarvelZombies, I did a Punisher on Wolverine thing, for Marvel by that point. Andthey were Reggie was thinking of stepping down.
He had been the writer for Black Panther. And they were lookingfor someone to replace him. And the assumption was they would, he would pick ablack writer which makes perfect sense. But he heard me talk on the radio,talking about my childhood and how the Black Panther was the pivotal momentwhere my life began splitting away from my father’s racism.
So he went to bat for me at Marvel and got me the gig. And alsobecause I had spent 35 years of my adult life teaching women’s self-defense, hedecided to [00:22:00] give me an extra littlebonus. He said, look, the last six issues of my run, we’re gonna turn Sureyinto the panther. Why don’t you come and post, write that storyline.
I’ll do the maid storyline, but major storyline. But you do theSurey storyline, so you’ll be the first person to put her in the armor and thenyou’ll pick up the comic after that. That’s what we did.
geo: Wow, that’samazing.
Jonathan: I’m still,I, Reggie was also at the Black Panther, Wakanda forever and we were joking.
He said, that radio, if you hadn’t done that radio interview, alot of this wouldn’t be happening right now. But, it was so surreal.
joe: Yeah,
geo: Wow. So
joe: I do want to touchon one of your characters who has skin
as part of their storyline, and that’s Monk and that,
geo: yeah.
nick: You had to
geo: know that wascoming.
Jonathan: actually, Ididn’t I didn’t, but I’m glad you brought up. Monk is one of my favorite
geo: It’s, I love himso much. Glip is like, one of my all time favorite novels. Yeah.
joe: Georgia had, she
geo: and that’sprobably why I
joe: on our chalk boardin our kitchen, and she
geo: Did you, Ialready read
joe: book. And I wasI’ve [00:23:00] been reading your stuff for awhile. And Georgia picked up that book ’cause it was just laying in, in thehouse. And then she was like, oh, this is did you read this line?
I was like, I read the whole book. Yes, I
geo: know.
Jonathan: Monkappears in two other novels and in a short story collection. He’s in Inc.
joe: Yep. Yeah, sure.
Jonathan: BurnedShine, the latest Joe Ledger
joe: Yep.
nick: If you can seethey geeked out and had all your
Jonathan: yeah, thereyou go. And of course, monk Addison’s
geo: That’s right.Yeah.
Jonathan: But hestarted off as a comic book character.
Actually.
geo: Oh, wow.
Jonathan: at onepoint IDW was going to do a shared horror universe, kinda like the DC and theMarvels with the a shared, so it was gonna be Steve Niles Joe Hill, myself, oneor two other guys. We were gonna create monsters that lived in the same world,but were also like heroic monsters.
And we were all ready to go. And then there was a managementchange at Marvel at the IDW rather than never happened. So I took the characterback and I decided to make a short story out of him. And it intended to be aone-off. But as soon as I start writing, I just love the concept of someone whois [00:24:00] haunted by what he does and bythe, the faces of dead people on his
And their ghosts never leave him,
joe: and
Jonathan: are we’regetting a little bit of interest in for film. VIN Diesels reading Ink rightnow.
nick: Oh,
joe: That would be,that, that would be incredible. I can
nick: totally see.That’s really cool.
geo: Oh
joe: and to folks whoare listening you should go read one of the, we’ll put in the show notes, oneof the many stories that Monk is in, but he’s a, an a private
Jonathan: I couldBrenda, he’s a former special ops soldier who then became a private militarycontractor, burned out, went on the pilgrims road to find who he was. And hefound out like he got a tattoo at one point. And he realized that when thetattoo was completed, it was a face of someone.
He was able to then relive their death. And there, there was alittle girl that was murdered and he is able not only relive her death, but seewhat she saw when she was dying, which gave him clues to be able to go out andfind the killers. And that became his road to, it’s hard to call it salvation’cause he isn’t going out killing people.
But at the [00:25:00] samepoint, he’s, it’s a, he’s doing something that is a redemption story, not areligious story, but a redemption
And he has all faces all over him of all these murder victims.And when the tattoo is completed, he, relieves the death, goes finds the killerand if he can stop this person, not as revenge, but to prevent the person fromdoing more killing, and he takes the guy off the board, but the ghost that kindof hired him to do this is always with him.
So he’s surrounded by all the ghosts of the people that he’s,that were murdered and he killed their killers, but they’re always with himlike 24 7. And it, it’s a tough life, but he’s one of my favorite characters.There’s a lot of the thing in him in that with the thing. You always know wherehis moral compass is pointing. He’s not a conflicted character. He is notreally a gray area of character. Reed gets real gray at times. The thing, if hehas your back’s covered. Monk is the same way. Monk’s a dangerous guy. He’s notnecessarily [00:26:00] friendly, he’s not, I’mnot even sure he is likable, for the people who know him. But if he has yourback,
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: You’reokay. You’re gonna be okay. He will not ever hurt the innocent. And that’sthere’s, so there’s a little bit of Ben Grimm in him for sure.
joe: yeah,
geo: Wow.
joe: it’s That ideathat the tattoos are speaking through him, to him, I was looking up some stufffor this episode and preparing is the Skin Ego it’s this kind of theory Dieter,I. And Zoey and suggests that the skin serves as a metaphorical container for theego and provides a sense of boundary and containment for psychic content. TheSkin Ego is like the physical skin, and it’s the boundary that separatesindividual from the external world and also holds to psychic apparatus togetherbody boundaries reflecting kind of psychological boundaries. So it, it was indigging around I was, trying to make the science of monk work a little.
nick: bit.
geo: So I,
Jonathan: Yeah,actually I need to find that thing you were talking about, I [00:27:00] needed to read that. It sounds like it’sreally the right thing for me because if we’re gonna be pitching Monk for filmor tv, I want to be able to build a pitch that really digs deep into thispsychology of it. Most people don’t know this, but Vin Diesel’s an actuallyreally well read individual.
nick: Oh yeah,
joe: Yeah,
Jonathan: He doesn’talways play those types of characters. Unlike Johnny Bernthal plays ThePunisher, the two of them look like together. Based on some of the charactersthey played looks like together, they, collectively of the IQ of about 60. Butin reality, both really good, down to earth nice guys.
Some of the press isn’t always this. I think the press defines’em by their characters more than by them.
But
joe: VIN Diesel, beforethe Fast
geo: Series,
joe: was in BoilerRoom, which I thought was just an incredible movie where it wasn’t Muscle andBraun. It was a very, it was a, a. Thinking movie, I guess if we’re gonnaclassify
nick: Guns
geo: versus,
joe: Yeah.
But I, that was some of his early stuff before he got into theaction. And he found this stride [00:28:00]and, I think that happens. Like he’s a beefy dude and he plays those rolesreally well, but Yeah.
Jonathan: hilariousthough that he’s a DD dungeon master, though.
geo: Yep.
joe: Oh yeah.
nick: Yeah. And he’sa giant nerd.
geo: Oh, wow. Yeah,
Jonathan: actuallyhas a cloak with the hood when he plays
geo: wow.
joe: Wow.
nick: I’ve read that
Jonathan: Becausehe’s one and Henry CA’s one too, and you got these two guys who are, they’redefined a lot by their ability to punch things
Yet, they’re both book nerds, fantasy nerds, pop culture nerdsmakes me like them a lot more,
geo: I think that’sperfect for playing Monk. Because he is such a tough guy, but is introspectiveand do you know what I mean? So that just Yeah.
Jonathan: Sure. Andmonk is trying to find, there, there’s a, I have a long game with the characterof Monk. He’s trying to find his way to the fire zone, which is referenced in acouple different works. And it’s a book I will be actually writing called TheFire Zone that, that kind of TERs together.
But he, he wants peace,
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: he’s doneso much harm in his life. As a, first not asking questions, who he [00:29:00] has to shoot when he was wearing a uniformand asking even fewer questions when he was a private military contractor, hehas, to quote black Widow a lot of red in his ledger and he
And, that isn’t usually done by doing pretty stuff. But alsohe’s good at it and he knows he’s good at it. And there’s a burden there too.When somebody is good at something, even if it’s something that hurts them, butit benefits other people. It’s hard to lay down your sword and shield on thatone.
nick: Yeah,
joe: No, that’s good.Now,
geo: monk also, it’snot just about getting the tattoos and having the ghosts, it’s also what’s inthe, it’s the actual blood, right?
Of,
Jonathan: Yeah. Bloodis mixed with holy water and tattoo ink to create these these tattoos. And hisbest friend Patty Cakes is the tattoo artist. It was her daughter that wasmurdered and that was his first, first of these tattoos. It’s,
joe: I think I thinkonly one of it I, as I’ve heard you talk about this and you do not have atattoo, Jonathan, is that right? Or do you, okay.
geo: Yeah.
joe: You’re like me.
geo: I don’t have,but
Jonathan: We’re lessthan a month [00:30:00] away from me being agrandfather
nick:congratulations.
geo: Oh, wow.
Jonathan: thanks. My,my son and his fiance are, are expecting and the baby’s gonna be named Orion,
geo: Oh, nice.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: so afterthe baby’s born and healthy and mama’s healthy and everything else. Sam, my sonand I are gonna go out and get Orion constellation tattoos.
joe: Awesome.
nick: cool. Verycool. Honestly, it just feels like a cat scratch.
joe: So I
nick: was gonna say,Nick has, I have multiple, yeah. It, oh, you got that thick skin right here.
joe: Oh boy.
nick: There,
joe: now
Jonathan: it’s beenpunctured enough times. I used to be a bodyguard, so I had been stabbed withice pick screwdrivers, knives chopped in the shoulder with a meat cleaver andet.
nick: o yeah.
joe: Yeah. So
nick: So
joe: I,
Jonathan: I have, myskin is not impervious Wish. It was really
joe: If
geo: it was, you wentto get medical
joe: That’s always init. You
nick: brought that upearlier
joe: how do you get,how do you get treated if you need
geo: someone
nick: needs to goinside of
geo: you to
joe: fix something.That’s
Jonathan: I thinkthat’s a missed opportunity for Marvel to do a TV series about, ’cause theyhave [00:31:00] damage control and they had thenight nurse. But I think a clinic for superheroes would be
joe: Yeah.
geo: In Luke Cage,they tried to, they were trying to Netflix. They got
joe: shot with thebullet
nick: that
joe: the kind ofexploding drill tip.
geo: And then she wastrying to get,
joe: she took ’em backto the
geo: original Right.
joe: and cooked them inthe,
geo: there was a,
joe: whole clam.
And it’s interesting ’cause mollus
geo: actually, thereare
joe: that have ironkind of formation in their foot. So in the, so they can scrape algae off ofrocks and fer those out there, mullis are like octopuses cuttlefish clams.Those are classified as mollus.
And they have
geo: shell
joe: they have a footthat can come out and they. They can do work. And so that’s one. And then theyhave, there’s another mole that has like teeth, like kind of iron teeth tocrack shells and things like that. So it is a,
Are some real world. And so that was the idea there that,that’s, and the show, they played on that, that’s what was in this soup.
And they were gonna heat ’em up and then that would [00:32:00] loosen the structure, the molecularstructure, which a
nick: little, a lotof hand waving
joe: as a, so
nick: I was like, oh,
joe: does this work?
geo: But yeah,
joe: it was they didcover
geo: that. At leastthey, at least they tried to cover it. Yeah. Tried attempt to
joe: explain it.
But,
Jonathan: Yeah. Andthey used the night nurse character, I’m forgetting her, Claire, they usedClaire as,
joe: Yep. Yep.
Jonathan: as thego-to person for Daredevil and so
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: I wouldlove to have seen that become a secret department within the hospital sheworked
I might pitch it to Marvel
joe: yeah.
geo: I like that.
Jonathan: doctorfriends. We could some people who would advise me, so
nick: that would be areally cool, like just medical series. Yes. Yeah,
joe: if you’re lookingfor a writer, then, happy to write something for you.
geo: Nonetheless
nick: the other thingI was
joe: say about thetattoos and you, another thing I was looking up was all of the kind of dermalsensors.
I, I didn’t really know a lot about that till I was looking itup, but the MIT had a project where they were using bio sensitive inks in therethat was a reactive to glucose, pH, sodium kind of to monitor [00:33:00] health . And so this tattoo ink was biowas actually bio censored.
And so you have this kind of.
Jonathan: They’reworking on diabetics to be able to like literally flash a little warning when,things like that. Cancer sensors and other things. And also the, one of thethings they’re, they’ve been talking about, I don’t know if they’ve gottenthere quite yet, is an implant that will sense the onset of seizures of onekind or another, and then transmit immediately to 9 1
Or to the, the contact person for, care. It’s a great idea. Andthat’s the kind of body mods I’m okay with. I’m not a big fan of body mod forthe most part, but that one, those sort of things, when science is used for theright thing,
Right? I’m
joe: Yep.
Jonathan: doing upone of my upcoming Joe Ledger novels is going to deal with cybernetics and allof its different good and bad phases.
And I started doing some research and man, it’s amazing what’sunder RD right now. And it’s freaky that we’re so much further along than Ithought we were. A lot of the stuff is there, it’s just a matter of getting theright funding, right grants and [00:34:00]getting it past people who don’t want that kind of thing attached to them.
They’ll find with going out and getting a barcode or a QR codetattooed on them, not something, that’s not stylish, but their health.
joe: Yeah. I think theso at the University of Chicago where I do research at and work I’m part of thethe cube, which is a quantum NSF funded facility where they’re
geo: where they’re
joe: trying to developquantum sensors for biological applications like that. And so that is, it’sreally, so I was just in a meeting because I’m a biologist, so I go and try tointerface with the physicist and chemists talk about applications.
So that’s where. I come in,
geo: I know
joe: enough to talkabout qubits and, how entanglement works, but I’m not, that is not myexpertise. But and going over how these sensors can work to report informationout is super important. So yeah it’s a fascinating as I got into that and hearabout some of the things and, ’cause it’s like, how do we get this
geo: thing that
joe: in cells on aPetri dish now into a body or what’s the [00:35:00]mechanism?
And, it’s
geo: the, you’reright
joe: it is
geo: some of the
joe: stuff that’s insci-fi and, it’s now making its way and it’s that’s more real than you think,
Jonathan: sciencefiction has always been one of the reasons they called it speculative fictionor, it’s a lot of people looking forward. The cell phones, we’re clearlyinspired by the communicators on Star Trek, but we do more, much more now. Thecell’s far more, it’s like the communicator, the tri-quarter, about 15 otherthings.
In our phone now, but that’s where the idea came from for itsstructure. And a lot of other things, what I grew up reading, the reprints, theban of reprints of the old doc Savage novels, man of bronze, if you’ve everread any of those. They published 175 of them published in the thirties andforties.
And he always had advanced technology that he developed and alot of it’s stuff we have now.
geo: Wow. Yeah.Contact
Jonathan: lensesanswering machines, planes that, this is 1934 planes that flew 500 mile anhour.
Have that. All so many of the things that, that Lester Dent,who wrote most of the novels, put in the stories for [00:36:00]things that people were just saying, wouldn’t it be cool if
writers threw that stuff into fiction and some of the peoplereading that fiction grew up three scientists.
joe: Yes. That’s theway it works sometimes.
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: one of mybest friends, one of my best friends, Ronald Coleman, who’s now actually acharacter, ongoing character in my Joe Ledger stories.
But he’s a molecular biologist, stem cell scientist. And I’mconstantly talking to him about wouldn’t it be cool if we could do this?
And sometimes he’s yeah we did that in
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: Or we’reall come up with, wouldn’t it be cool if we could do this? Would this even bepossible? He is not yet, but maybe by the time the book is out, because I knowworking on grants for that, I love science and I love the fact that keepsmoving forward.
What I don’t like is that there are groups that, that aretaking this science, and of course the biggest funding is for DARPA and thingslike that. The military research,
nick: Yeah.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: I’ve talkedto those guys a bunch of times and yeah, some scary nerds.
joe: right?
nick: The best kind,scary nerds. So I do have a question, Joe. How likely is it to have [00:37:00] skin? Like the thing, because I know thereis that syndrome where
joe: yeah,
nick: guy had thetree skin,
joe: Your skin can cal,calcification of skin and I’m trying to think of the disorders.
Like FFAP, FOP or something
nick: I think it’ssomething around there. Yeah. And so
geo: your,
joe: yeah, you justhave this kind of all your fibrous tissues begin to calcify and over calcifyinto bony structures. The problem with that, you’d have to make this next leapbecause as we talked about earlier, how do you make that flexible, right?
Because those folks usually are fairly, they come very stiff intheir structure and they, and rigid. So you need to, now how do you make that.So almost, it can’t be an internal structure. It has to be external in terms ofthe way you would form it. So that would have to be either a new fourth skinlayers
nick: created
geo: that
joe: then give you thisextra properties and or your dermis would now excrete something some material, [00:38:00] either, one of these iron
geo: sulfide kind of
joe: compounds or couldbe even calcified.
We talked about diatoms in I think the plant episode. And sowhere they produce silicate or coral, they produce a calcium kind of deposit.So there are organisms that do excrete these materials. And you could havethese snails That’s right, snail shells, right? So there are these bio your
nick: teeth
joe: a biomaterial,right?
And so there’s a lot of folks Working on that. I know some ofthose folks, and it’s fascinating because the interface between biology and,this kind of this biomaterial is unique and, difficult to reproduce. That’s whyyou go in for dental work or implants stay, they don’t stay all the time orthey, it’s a interesting field there.
But yeah I
Jonathan: One of theconceits within comics though on that topic though, is that when, they neverconsidered that a lot of these mu mutations would be detrimental to
joe: Yes. Yep. Yes.
Jonathan: withinskin, the [00:39:00] way it is, he would be a,a patient in a hospital somewhere. He would be walking around punching the.
nick: Yes. When wetalked about
joe: the cosmic rays inthemselves would be pretty damaging, so you would have to be a mutant alreadyto tolerate the cosmic race from not just being a cancer patient. You’re right.He would be in those the, instead of tough skin, it would just have tumors allover him and, a ruined thyroid because he’s been,
geo: On your chest,
joe: You’re now beendevastated by cosmic race unshielded and exposed to cosmic race.
Which, you know, so Yeah. It you’re right. About that.
nick: Yeah, so
joe: And so
geo: it
Jonathan: It doescreate a, an opening though for stories to be told that would explain it. Andjust like there have been a lot of folks that come along and tried to explainthe physics of Star Trek or Star
geo: right.
Jonathan: On thephysics of Superman. There are plenty of books out there where, scientists likeyourself are trying to say, okay, if that is
joe: right. That’sright
Jonathan: then how.
I played with this, actually not on, on the skin subject, but Idid a book called Zombie, CSU, where I [00:40:00]interviewed a couple hundred people in the real world about what would happenif zombies were real. If zombies were here, inarguably here, I would beresearch, react, respond, whatever. And, talked to scientists, talk to, all thedifferent types of scientists military and everyone else, everyone has atheory, but it would be, it would need to be a new there wouldn’t have to bethere.
Somebody have to be, throw a hell of a lot of money intoresearch to finding out how these people are not dying as a result of thesechanges. And I think that opens up a lot of storytelling possibility for comicstoo. But I would love to do an anthology, a prose anthology where scientistswrite superhero stories that explain the superheroes.
joe: Yeah.
geo: No.
nick: there you
geo: there you go.No,
Jonathan: I do know abunch of scientists, writers.
joe: Yeah.
geo: Yeah,
joe: Yeah. right. Yes.
Jonathan: Some inthis room.
geo: that’s
nick: That’s what
joe: that’s what we tryto do on the podcast. Nick could throw me that question. I
geo: know. Yeah, it’s
joe: I
geo: do think,
joe: and you talk aboutsome of those things, like you have other heroes Colossus who has, he puts themetal armor on and you talk about your skin [00:41:00]breathing, he’d have to take that off pretty quick and, or is there some othermechanism that he’s using to actually dissipate heat and things like that.
So you do have these kind of these characters who have thisthese abilities. And then to form a metallic skin and then take it away alsorequire some level of. Rapid metabolism. And on this, on the podcast, we alwaystry to explain things in terms of how many Big Macs would you have to eat tocompensate for the caloric load of doing some of these modifications quickly.
Jonathan: Yeah.
joe: that’s right.Yeah.
geo: Which no talks
joe: the calories, sothat’s why
Jonathan: Yeah withColossus, it would make a little more sense if instead of it just being steel,it was plates that,
joe: Yes.
Jonathan: Under whichair could get through
joe: Yes.
Jonathan: Evaporationhappen and so on. But again, the comic book writers are not scientists. We’rein the 21st century. We’re 25 years into century.
It’s time to level up and let the nerds come out to play andmake the comics make sense, which I think would bring [00:42:00]in whole group of readers because a lot of people dismiss comics foolishly assaying that they’re not literature, they’re not good, but they are, they’rereally
geo: Absolutely.
Jonathan: if, youcould use comics as a way to teach stem, STEM
joe: I agree.
geo: Definitely
Jonathan: much,there’s a lot of good science there.
But there’s also what if science and what if science is whatdrives science forward?
joe: We talk aboutzombies. That was so that how I got into, I always wanted to do science,education and outreach. And I realized a lot of adults don’t know anythingabout science. And I had a friend who was doing these art and science talks,and he approached me with this idea and he said, oh, I’m doing these talks, butno one shows up to hear about the science lectures.
And I was like, oh. So this was some years ago. And it’s how Idiscovered your view because I was I said I’m a big zombie fan and that’s kindsof zombies and how it works. So I started reading everyone at, had the zombiestuff and kind of where they’re at. Where’s the literature at? All the [00:43:00] movies.
And so I pitched to my friend, I said, Hey, we should do theart and science to science of zombies. And he looks at me and who, and he ofthe sciences also, he goes, but no one does research on zombies.
geo: I go, I know,but if you want people to show up, then
joe: talk aboutsomething that’s super fun and then we’ll sneak science in on em.
And I’m a cell biologist, so we’ll do all cell biology and kindof talk. And it was, we filled this art gallery up with people. It was standingroom only. And he was like, wow, this really worked. And so now as he does it Ithink he’s stopped or taking a pause, but every time he does it, he has somelittle hook like that now.
And I’m like, yeah, let’s keeping going. And so that was then,how we arrived to this podcast was at that idea, but that was the start of it.Zombies was the the fun and figuring out how you would get the infection eventand then what would happen after that. In fast zombies.
nick: you love fastzombies.
Jonathan: yeah. In mydead at night series, I worked with scientists to come up with a parasitedriven one. Toxic plasma, green jewel wasp, whole bunch of other
And
joe: sometimes[00:44:00]
geo: you,
Jonathan: You can geta certain distance toward doability, toward, actual rea realizing it for some,if you talk to the right scientist and get them to really, put their mind toit, you get a lot further and closer to it than is comfortable sometimes.
But you’re talking
geo: right
Jonathan: the artgallery thing here in San Diego. We have the Fleet Center, which is a sciencecenter attached to the the astronomy center. And I was on a panel there. Theyhad also been trying to do panels and nobody was showing up to them. So becauseComic-Con is in San Diego, they decided to start bringing in comics people totalk to scientists.
The very first panel where I met the scientist I mentionedearlier, Dr. Ronald Coleman. It was Kevin Eastman, the artist who co-createdthe Ninja Turtles and myself. We were comic creators. And then the two, therewas a var Virologist who’s sadly named, I’m blanking on Nancy something, Ican’t remember her last name.
And Ronald Coleman, who’s, said a stem cell scientist. And wewere asking them questions and they were, they they were asking us questions.The [00:45:00] audience was asking questions.Kevin, the artist from Ninja Turtles, he wa he was like, goo or whatever. So wejust, we need, we needed a thing.
We just call it that. That’s total there. Or my V wars thing, Iwanted it to be a genetic disorder that was latent. And, as melting polar rice,softened permafrost, all diseases were. And I, that’s an idea I had before thatactually started happening, by
geo: Oh boy.
Jonathan: Before wegot to the popular press I subscribed to some science newsletters and I read anarticle back in 2010 about melting rice, releasing old bacteria and possiblyviruses.
And I’m like. That’s scary as hell. Let me write a book,
geo: right?
Jonathan: not the TVwars,
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: But
joe: yeah. Yeah.
Jonathan: thezombies, the fun thing about zombies is, each individual thing it does, can beexplained by nature. Like the fact that it has a lower metabolism be, so itdoesn’t rot as much. There are animals, the ground squirrel the, I forget thename of the frog, that, that freezes solid every year and then falls, withoutthe tissue damage because of the way [00:46:00]the sugars,
That exists.
The if the motor cortex was working. Or even on a minimallevel, the zombie could walk, bite, chew, swallow. Without the motor of cortex,it couldn’t, unless there’s respiration, a zombie couldn’t moan. And we knowzombies moan. You can make an argument that zombies are not dead, they’re notalive, they’re living dead.
A third state of existence based on a great a rate ofmetabolism so greatly reduced that they appear dead to the point where theirouter tissues become necrotic, but they’re still not actually dead.
joe: It’s
geo: yeah, I hadthought
joe: In my own head andwe’re getting off, I gonna get back to skin ’cause we’re gonna have to closethe episode a little bit.
But yeah I had a dual infection event. One of the mind, butalso, people forget about the second brain and that’s our gut, which is justfilled with bacteria.
So as our control systems, entropy starts to take over, thenthat would be your driving force. And those bacteria then would have somepreservation of [00:47:00] self. Especially ifthe brain was now infected by something else, it might not have as tight ofcontrol over the system, so you can then have this dual function.
That also explains why in movies you have this, not everyone’sinfected by a splatter of blood or something like that, because you need bothparts to become infected. And so you could
geo: be primed.
joe: And then onceyou’re primed and maybe you have a death event,
geo: and now
joe: the brain parasitecan take over, and then the gut ones can now go, oh, you know what?
There’s no more control. Everything’s leaky, leaky gutsyndrome. We
geo: can get inthere, we can now invade.
joe: And we now we canhave this kind of two brain system in control. And hence why, your movementsare shambling and things like that. Not necessarily because your coronation isbad, but because you your, you have two.
Competing entities in inside one, one body. But
geo: That’s
nick: Anotherepisode, another rabbit
geo: hole.
joe: But
Jonathan: That one
nick: you’re in,
joe: you’re in,
nick: so I do wanna,
geo: I’m gonna touchon my
joe: [00:48:00] fun fact list. I promise a list and I’dlike to deliver,
geo: but
nick: There’s awebsite
joe: maybe you’refamiliar with it. I just learned about it. It’s called bio numbers.
geo: and it’s this
joe: fun website, atleast I think it’s
geo: fun where
nick: you
joe: search fordifferent topics and it will give you these kind of biology relevant numbers.
And so how many proteins are inside of a cell or
nick: how,
geo: so
joe: I put in, aboutskin and then it has the paper reference, which then I clicked on links becausethat’s what I do. And
nick: So it was just
geo: fun. Things
joe: and it saved mesome time on this weight
geo: of skin.
joe: On average isabout nine pounds or 4.1 kilograms for the folks who wanna go to metric.
The
nick: number of
joe: skin cells, about1 billion on average number of bacteria in skin, about 1 trillion. So that’s alot of bacteria, which we didn’t even talk about. The skin kind of, how wouldbend skin the bacterial that keeps that, that
geo: are very
joe: and beneficial?How are they living?
How are they getting along?
nick: Do you think hehas to [00:49:00] moisturize?
geo: when he gets
joe: fungal infection,like ringworm underneath those
geo: rocks. Yeah.What kind of lotion does he use?
nick: foot, athlete’sfoot there?
Jonathan: a story.Somebody needs to write that story.
nick: Yeah. I wouldjust assume the human torch is just Hey, I’ll get that. Hold on.
geo: 90% of the humanbody
joe: covered in hair. Ididn’t realize that, but that was
geo: how much? 90%.90%.
nick: Is that it?Density of
joe: procars, soprocars are bacteria. So these are organisms without a nucleus versuseukaryotes, which we are ourselves are eukaryotic.
The density of procars in the skin of humans. And this is cellsper centimeter squared. It’s about a thousand to 10,000 and you’re growing andunder your arm, it’s about a million. Per centimeter, per centimeter squared,or that’s about 0.78 inches squared for those who think in inches.
So that was and
geo: and this allcame from that one website,
joe: website. The
geo: term of
joe: in your entireepidermis is about 26 to [00:50:00] 27 days. Soyou got, so yeah, so you,
nick: it’s
geo: oh, all that,
nick: that dried dead
joe: skin you’regenerating, that’s you’re danner.
So that’s another for Ben. How’s he dealing with
nick: I thought itwould just be rock dust. No, that’s
geo: to us. That’s
Jonathan: that when,I wish that when skin generated, it would take scars away. ’cause I got
geo: yeah. So
joe: that was those aresome fun. And then I, the concentration on microbes in human gut, I just hadgot, I, that one was there and that’s in the tens of billions of cells and,number of human cells.
’cause it, this was something I always think about are we morebacteria than than human? But the number of total number of human cells in yourbody is about 10 to 30 trillion. So you’re, so you got about hundreds ofbillions of. Bacteria on you, in you, but you still are a little more human.
Just,
nick: Slightly morehuman than bacteria.
geo: Yeah.
nick: I don’t,
Jonathan: quitehuman. But
joe: yeah, that’sright.
geo: So there you go.There’s
Jonathan: I thinkthey’re more bacteria,
joe: so those are somefun, just some fun skin facts and others,
geo: But yeah, bio
joe: I can,
Jonathan: Oh, I’mdefinitely gonna be hitting that. I wrote [00:51:00]it down.
joe: yeah. Yeah.
geo: It’s a fun,
joe: and when I learnedof it, I was in a lecture and someone had these cool numbers and I went, I waslike, how do you get these, did you just guess at this stuff?
And they were like, no, there’s this website, bio numbers. Andthe first thing I did when I got back to my office pile numbers,
Jonathan: I love thatthere is nerd porn for scientists too.
nick: it exists.
joe: Like we, we keepit secret. It’s our
nick: own little
Jonathan: Like nerdporn for writers is the TV troops website. If you ever been to TV troops,
geo: oh,
Jonathan: that, allof the tropes of everything and a
joe: in there.
nick: Interesting.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: days on it.I,
joe: Wow.
Jonathan: So much ofmy stuff’s on there and I, somebody said, oh, you’re on, I saw you on TV trope.
I’m like. TV tropes when there’s a whole bunch of my stuff andthey’re breaking witch tropes and which variations of tropes are used and soon. But I love the, that’s fun. I gotta grab that because, sometimes when ascientist in a story wants to, as Bob, that sort of thing when they’re infodumpy moment, you do want your details.
My science guy I normally go to, he [00:52:00]actually does work a day job. But so I have to catch him when he’s available.
geo: Yeah,
joe: you go. You canhave some numbers to throw out there
geo: and the paperreferences so
joe: you can look it upand see where to get the numbers. ’cause it is it was interesting. So there wasa lot of cool things in there, but yeah.
There you go. Yeah. So I
Jonathan: I knowwe’ve just about run outta time, but is there one, was there another topic onskin that we need to go back to that we didn’t cover?
geo: I
joe: do you guys,unless
geo: you havesomething
joe: you want to do,
nick: please. I havea whole list of
Jonathan: the
geo: We have another,yeah.
Jonathan: Yeah. Youmentioned the human torch
joe: Yep.
nick: yep.
Jonathan: how thehell does he not dehydrate? Like
joe: That’s right.
geo: So we’ll have,
joe: we’re gonna do anepisode on all the Fantastic Fours.
Jonathan: Okay.
joe: have,
geo: we actually
joe: are gonna have aDr. David Pincus from University of Chicago on for that episode. And so hejoined us for actually the permafrost episode,
geo: Was
nick: which was
joe: of the funniest
geo: episodes.
joe: yeah he kind ofstudies, the impact of environmental changes on organisms short term and longterm.
And one of the things [00:53:00]is heat stress and heat shock. So I think it, I
geo: so that’ll be agreat question for him.
joe: it would be. Yeah.We’ll pose that to
geo: him.
Jonathan: Ice Man.Ice Man
nick: Iceman. Yeah,that’s
joe: right now,
geo: Man. Oh yeah.
joe: Yes. So how doeshe live in that ice state? That’s a whole nother, that’s another episode Ithink.
nick: And movingthose arms with ice on him.
joe: without cracking.Yes.
geo: How’s he stayflexible?
Jonathan: I have, Ijust have this idea that somewhere there’s a DARPA lab where a couple of guysare trying to figure out how to make the sup, make the Fantastic Four
nick: Right.
joe: Yes.
nick: I’m in
geo: Cosmic Rays
joe: is not the answer.I’m gonna go right there.
geo: That’s,
nick: We can’t rollthat out yet, Joe. I will.
Jonathan: actually,one of the funny things is guys have seen Night of Living Dead, right? The
joe: yes.
nick: Yes, of course.
Jonathan: So one, oneof the conceits there is that the major theory in the first film is thatradiation from returning space probe. George Romero was a huge fan of theFantastic Four, and that was his nod to the
joe: interesting. Wow.
Jonathan: though onespace probe returning does not explain global, I [00:54:00]busted George a lot on this because,
geo: Neither livingDead. Was
joe: it truly global orwas it local? Just in Western Pennsylvania, because that was that clear
Jonathan: wanted itto be global because people were talking about it in Washington and other
joe: Okay. Yeah. Imight’ve been on the radio. Yep.
Jonathan: clearlywas, but the first one, he was the first one he actually expected it to be,defeated.
It was never intent to be a series, but he immediately, decidedto go further with it. His next film actually explored another aspect of it,the Crazies,
nick: Oh yeah. Of
joe: the
geo: I love thecrazies.
Jonathan: rage
joe: Yeah. That’sright.
Jonathan: That wewouldn’t have 28 weeks, 28 days
joe: That’s right. No,that’s exactly right.
Jonathan: genres,
joe: Yes. The crazieswas it. Yeah. Yeah. But
Jonathan: but Iactually wrote dead of Night because I wanted to as a, like a thank you note toGeorge Romero, how he and I became friends.
Actually, he read the book and loved it. We became friends. Wedid an anthology together. But I couldn’t stand that. The science made no sensein the book, in the movie. It me, 10 years old, it bugged me.
geo: right? Yeah.
Jonathan: The thing,the thing, his skin the [00:55:00] Hulk, hismass Reed Richards, every bodily function when he’s stretching.
joe: right. We have,we’re gonna have a MD on to Maria do at Northwestern University is gonna be onthat episode. So yeah, we’re gonna have, we’re gonna get into a little bit morescience. So the first. Was it Sue, we had a comic critic in review to open up theseries and now we’ve, we have you, Jonathan, on skin and yeah.
Then we have a couple scientists and a MD coming in to, toround out the fences of force. Yeah. So we’ll
Jonathan: befollowing these episodes. This is speaking to my nerdvana
geo: Yeah.
joe: yeah. No
geo: Science forweirdos.
joe: Science forweirdos is what someone told me. We, someone, we were out and someone said, oh,
geo: you do that
joe: And they go, yeah.It’s like we, I’ve been listening to it, it’s like science for weirdos andthat’s my thing, and
nick: I’m like,
joe: oh, I kinda likethat.
geo: It’s
nick: I
Jonathan: I, I thinkthat is dead on. Yeah. That’s, yeah.
geo: yeah. It’s beenjust
joe: a greatconversation
nick: thank you somuch for joining us.
geo: Go ahead and [00:56:00] plugs
joe: anything? You havesome new stuff coming out. I know for sure. So it’s,
Jonathan: yeah, I gotI, I’m, I got a lot of stuff going. I always have a lot of stuff coming out. Iwrote
geo: I saw your lastpost that you were outta
Jonathan: novel everythree minutes. Yeah.
joe: it said
geo: your brain wasoutta words.
nick: Yeah.
Jonathan: was, butI’ve already started the next novel.
nick: Novel,
joe: Congratulations.That’s awesome. Your inspiration to us young novelists
Jonathan: am I have agraphic novel coming out in June Joe Ledger and Violin Hearts and Minds, whichis a comic original story. Ba is set in my Joe Ledger world. Crystal lake isputting that out. And last year I had a really fun one was Godzilla versusKullu Comic.
geo: Oh, wow.
joe: Yep.
Jonathan: Comic orcome on games. But next up for me is the next Necro tech book deep Space Book,crafting Horror.
And we are in discussions with an anime company in Japan
joe: Cool.
Jonathan: based onthat series. Giant Me, mech Robots that Are Shape-Shifting piloted by the Ghostof Dead Pilots.
nick: Oh, damn.
joe: Yeah.
geo: Wow.
Jonathan: [00:57:00] the book that I just finished the otherday was the third in that series.
joe: That’s cool.
Jonathan: I love thefact I’m leaning more and more into science fiction these days.
I’ve got two different science fiction series running now. I.And it’s fun because, and this is one little thing I wanna just throw in beforeI skedaddle, is that one of the reasons I love working with scientists, talkingto experts in various fields for my books, there’s an old calm man saying, usenine truths to sell one lie that really applies great to any kind of fiction.
Because if you can build your fiction on a structure ofplausibility, it makes it so much easier for suspension of disbelief and alsothe trust when they know you’re stepping off that the top of that scaffold intofiction, they know that you’ve done your homework. So the fiction is gonna be areasonable extension of the non of the nonfiction, and they’ll go with you forthat.
But if you’re just making shit up so that you can tell ascience fiction story, there’s no structural basis to it, you’re only going toget the people who don’t know science. And that’s an increasingly small [00:58:00] number, I hope, because there’s a lot ofanti-science going on right now.
geo: right.
Jonathan: But
nick: Fingers
Jonathan: yourfingers crossed there are still people who want it to believe in it. They wantto believe that we can have superheroes. They want to believe that people cando this, that people will become stronger, that maybe somehow we’ll be able tosurvive a polluted planet and get wise enough to fix the planet.
So I love doing that. I love working with scientists. It’s fun.It’s so much fun for me to be on a podcast with people who understand scienceuntil I, that, that
joe: Thank
nick: you
geo: coming on andus. Yeah,
nick: What,
joe: Nick and Jordan
Jonathan: Nerds getit by extension. I’m not a scientist either, but all my science addictedfriends, we all love the fact that’s, that there’s real scientists out there
geo: right?
Jonathan: manyscientists are actually in the nerd
joe: Yeah.
nick: Oh, a hundred
joe: And I
geo: want,
joe: Jonathan, youdidn’t mention it, but we have some, I’m sure there’s some writer friends thatlisten, but you do a great masterclass series and so on different topics in thewriting, both [00:59:00] writing the art ofwriting, but also the business side of writing.
And, I’ve attended several
geo: of them
Jonathan: and they’refundraisers.
nick: And
joe: They’re alsofundraisers, right? The money goes to the no kill shelter or the
Jonathan: kill animalshelters, women’s shelters, homeless shelters. And these are programs thatprovide meals for children in, areas where they’re not getting it, family don’tenough income and 50 cents can buy a whole meal. I do a hundred percent of themoney from my workshops goes there.
It does a lot of good. And also, I hope people can use materialto get into the writing business because it’s more fun when there are more kidsin the playground.
nick: Definitely.
joe: No, so check itout, you writers out there,
nick: One lastquestion for you, if you don’t mind. Who is your favorite? Unbreakable skincharacter.
geo: Oh.
joe: oh,
geo: Oh, the
Jonathan: Oh, theHulk. I’m sorry.
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: Sorry. Thething has always been my favorite unbreakable character because of the factthat he’s the hu the Hulk I liked, but the Hulk was Jekyll and Hyde with,dipped and green. The, it’s that, but the thing [01:00:00]he was always leaning into his humanism, An empathetic character and empath,when you have a character who looks like basically a big rock monster, butempathy is his trues super strength, man.
I gotta love a character like
nick: I’m so glad wehave you on this episode, because he is your favorite,
Jonathan: yeah. Andvery first comic I ever bought has him on the cover of it,
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: 4 66.Believe that’s 1967. Good lord.
geo: That’s it.
joe: Awesome. Thanksagain for joining us. It was a lot of fun. And yeah, just a lot of cool nerdingout in pop culture,
nick: very much
Jonathan: and thanksfor inviting me on too. I had a lot of fun. I wish I had a little time rightnow, but I hope you guys will invite me back ’cause I’ll
joe: I will do. Yeah,no, definitely. No you already brought up several topics that we will have tohave you on now for, and, you know
nick: wait, are yougonna be the fourth rabbit in the hole?
joe: right.
Jonathan: And also I,with one of my upcoming classes, we haven’t set the date yet, but my, mymolecular biologist friend is going [01:01:00]to co-teach a class with me on working with
joe: Cool. That’d beawesome.
geo: That’s
Jonathan: be a lot offun too, ’cause a lot of writers don’t know how to ask the right questions andthey don’t know how to follow it down that rabbit hole into.
A plausible story and having a scientist on there would be fun.And if I’ll give you a free pass of that one, Joe, so you can join theconversation
joe: be fun. Yeah, no,
geo: and also theother way too, scientists don’t always know how to translate. That’s right.Their science communication is big,
joe: right?
That’s right. Yeah. And
geo: so they can use
A writer or they can use someone that the, the scientist just
joe: did a piece andthey, I was interviewed for, it was oh, it was like speculative fiction in, Howspeculative fiction and bench science kind of merge. And so they
Jonathan: that arecent
joe: of us.
It was, it came out last month. I can send you a link to it.Yeah, it was a fun, it was a few of us in it.
Jonathan: get thatand read it. I need to renew my subscription to the Scientist
joe: yeah. Yeah, no, itwas a fun article and had a couple quotes in there. So I was happy that [01:02:00] something came outta my interview.
Jonathan: I might betapping some information too. Getting a walk on in something.
geo: anytime, man,anytime I’ve helped
joe: other people ortried to help. ’cause sometimes people, you’re right they call and then they’relike, I wanna do this thing with this equipment. And I’m like, you can’t dothat thing with that equipment. Or there’s practical reasons why you won’t getthe image you think you’ll get, it’ll charge, it’ll look bad.
geo: And they go
joe: I need this is ifI can’t do it with that piece of equipment then my story fails. And I’m like
geo: you need,
Jonathan: story
nick: I’m like, weneed
geo: to, let’s have alonger conversation
joe: and figure thisout. And and some I, we did, it was like, you need this piece of equipment. Butthey’re like, but that’s not in that room.
And I’m like you need to have this scene happen in this roomnow because, so yeah.
Jonathan: Yeah. I’veactually had to repl whole novels because I talked to a scientist and found outthat my assumption, like writers, we have a lot of information in our head.Doesn’t mean we’re experts on it, but it’s enough to get us into trouble orhopefully to ask the right questions.
And I had this really great idea for something and I asked to acouple people who were into [01:03:00] nuclearscience, power plants and so on. My idea made no sense. It was laughably naive.I was like, oh shit. Glad I didn’t write the book. ’cause my editor didn’t knowit was a bad idea
Working with scientists, big important thing.
geo: Yeah, no.
joe: And experts andthings like that. No, it’s awesome.
geo: I’m
Jonathan: I’m theexpert that a lot of my friends tap for
geo: Martial arts.
nick: know. Yeah. I
joe: I was that’sawesome. I have a a friend, I don’t know if he joined the last one, I told himhe should get on, but I know he has a lot of action and fighting scenes and hedid wrestling and jiujitsu, so I was like, oh, you should jump on, becauseJonathan, he’s, that’s his background, especially writing those scenes andgetting it across.
Jonathan: Years now.
joe: yeah. Yeah.
geo: Cool. I
joe: know you need torun and so
Jonathan: stuff, sothanks. This guy, guys. I can hang with you
geo: I
nick: know. Yeah. I’mlike, Hey,
joe: That’s why I’mlike, Hey,
Jonathan: I will behappy to come back and and nerd out with you guys again.
nick: Absolutely.Anytime. Thank you.
geo: Thank you. Havea good night. Cheers.
nick: Thank you.
Jonathan: bye.
geo: Bye.
joe: you have me, Joe.
geo: We got Nick. Wegot
joe: Nick, we’ve got
geo: Georgia.
Georgia,
joe: and we’ve
nick: gone down some[01:04:00]
geo: holes,
joe: some tough skin
nick: tough skin.
joe: I dunno.
nick: Bye-bye.
joe: Hey, you stay safeout there. Stay strong.

Transcript:

joe: [00:00:00] Hey,
welcome to the Rabbit Hole of Research. We’re down here in the basement studio with another exciting episode in our Fantastic four
series. We’ll be focusing
a little bit on the thing and
all things strong, tough skin. As usual, we have the whole crewhere. You have me, Joe, you got
geo: Nick, we’ve gotNick and Georgia.
joe: We’ve got Georgia.
geo: And
joe: have a specialguest with us.
geo: And for our
joe: we
geo: let the guestsintroduce themselves.
joe: Please.
Jonathan: Hi, I’mJonathan Mayberry. I’m a New York Times bestselling author. Multiple genres. Iwrite horror, science fiction, fantasy, whatever. And also a comic book writerwrote for Marvel for a bunch of years, dark Horse, IDW doing some freelanceprojects. Now they’re a lot of fun. I also edit Weird Tales magazine and keepmy myself pretty immersed in the pop culture world, which is my home space.
My, that’s my comfort zone.
joe: Yeah. Awesome. No,it should be fun. Hopefully we can fit [00:01:00]you, fit right in here with our witty banter at times. I don’t know. So you
nick: I do have tosay that I’ve read a lot of your stuff that I did not realize was yours untilabout a month ago. I was like, I read that. Oh wait, I know his stuff. It wasjust
Jonathan: get a lotof that from folks at events too. And that, that’s cool. It’s always a readingthis stuff that’s what matters most, but. When I was at the the world premiereevent for the Black Panther, Wakanda forever I not only did were peoplesurprised that I had written anything that became part of that movie.
Everybody there was surprised I was white including RyanCoogler. Ryan Coogler had came up to me in the, at the after party. He, you’rewhite. I’m like, I am. Oh my God. He had no idea. He thought I was black. Interms of talking about skin, that’s interesting.
joe: Yeah.
geo: There you go.That’s a great segue.
nick: Yeah. Sousually
joe: I
geo: have
joe: a definition thatget us grounded and I have a
geo: list
joe: so I’ll do thedefinition what is skin. [00:02:00] But I dohave a special list for Jonathan because I know he likes facts and he alwayshas posts on social media.
If you follow him on all the different flavors of social media,he has. Tell me something new or something. I don’t know. So
nick: I have
geo: a list and
joe: I’ll see how manyof those facts, but I’ll
geo: start with thedefinition to get us started. What is skin? Skin is biological armor.
joe: It’s a sensorinterface, a site of cultural
geo: inscription
joe: and a metaphor foridentity.
It’s the most visible and tactile representation of self and infiction, a canvas onto which transformation, trauma and power are projected. SoI think that’s
Jonathan: Wow. Nicelyphrased. I like that.
joe: you.
nick: Yeah. And so wewere,
geo: as I said,talking
joe: the FantasticFour.
geo: And,
joe: We already had thefirst episode on a Fantastic four come out.
And but just a recap. It’s a fictional
superhero team uh, by Marvel,
created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby first appeared in Fantasticfour, number 1, 19 61 Marvel
comics. [00:03:00] consideredMarvel’s first superhero team, or the
first family and helped establish a more human,
flawed,
family driven style that defined Marvel storytelling.
Ben was one of the members of that team. He was Reed Richard’scollege roommate and former football star.
Jonathan: Yep.
joe: And Ben had he, hewas
geo: after a
joe: trip
illegal
and or
A unscripted trip into space they
were bombarded by
cosmic rays Ben got disfigured and he was given this kind ofrocky, orange,
scaly skin
that was superhuman strength impenetrable and had all thesekind of nearly imper impervious to damage and things like that.
So yeah, that’s the character.
nick: Yeah. So I dohave to say that it is always so interesting seeing him in the comics becausethey tend to show the strength of his skin. ’cause are, [00:04:00] we’re considering it skin. Yes. I would
geo: consider
joe: skin. Yes. As the,
probably the
outer later the dermis was modified in some way, but,
nick: Yeah. And it’salways so fascinating ’cause I was reading an issue I’ll have to put it in theshow notes where they it was they were pulling him apart and like you just sawall of his skin. It looked like a gum being pulled. And it was just like, whoa.Like the amount of pain that has to be, I’m assuming it’s like a scab thatwould just be like.
Jonathan: Yeah. One,one that’s not ready to fall off, but they’re trying to pull it.
nick: exactly. Andthen I told him, I’m like, oh it’s, yeah. Fantastic. I love that.
Jonathan: And Ialways loved when Kirby would show me him getting a really hard impact. One ofthe ways they would use to emphasize the impact is pieces of rock would beflying off of him.
joe: Yeah.
geo: another
Jonathan: would beblood from a, a busted nose. But for him it was always pieces of rock fallingoff and that kind of defined how hard he was being hit because he’s impervious.
But somebody could [00:05:00]do that, at least to him,
joe: and knock off bitsof skin and or his outer structure, which is interesting. And thinking abouthow that would actually form I think NICU hit on it with and scar tissue wasone that, that immediately came to my mind that as he was bombarded was, wasthat now some scarification and you have this kind of, , in terms of scars, youget fibrous tissue that forms as you get the scar. So is that now
geo: been
joe: modified as DNA?And so you get this kind of overgrowth and then calcification and then almostkind of mineralization there that would form this kind of outer exterior.
then
as you as you were just pointing out, Jonathan, that as it getsdamaged, bits gets knocked off, but presumably is regenerated.
And so that means this is some
geo: active
joe: process thathappens.
Jonathan: And hisskin would have to be, his rock skin would have to have to be at least porousor something. Otherwise he would,
nick: Thanks.
Jonathan: the theskin’s the most important breathing apparatus next to our lungs. And [00:06:00] so he would need that. And funny ’causeI’ve had a conversation about this with Stan Lee years ago at the Houston ComicPalooza, I think it was.
And buttress, we’re talking about different characters and howthe, somehow the conversation come up is how they would get medical treatment.
nick: Oh,
Jonathan: Ben Grimmhad beautiful white teeth. how dentist worked on. Were his teeth set in gums orwere they set in
joe: Rock.
Jonathan: A couple ofus were asking questions of Lee and he is we didn’t think that far.
joe: I mean, Nails,Nonas fingernails.
Yeah. I mean you, you have all of those external
besides breathing and pores, you also have tactile sensation. Askin is our communication to our environment.
So if you lose that you lose a major sense. It’s almost likebeing blind or deaf or any losing any other senses. So that is something that Idon’t know if they cover that in any comic line or,
Jonathan: they touchon it because there are times, even though when he, especially in the earlyFantastic four comics, he and Johnny were always in a a baiting war. They’realways trying to get [00:07:00] you right intoeach other. And sometimes Johnny would try to scorch him and he would, he wouldact, he would run away, he would react to it so he could feel pain, feelpressure but his skin.
It was like being on the other side of a fireproof garment. Youfeel the heat, you just don’t get the actual firm. So that might be where theywere going with it if they even thought that far. But, because presuming thathe, he, something like that could exist.
And the version of it we’re seeing in the most recent trailersfits the old Ben Graham a little more.
How I envision him. He’s more fluid, he is more flexible. It’sless like a rock man trying to move than a man who made a malleable rock. Andit must be malleable.
If he’s going to reach
joe: right?
geo: Yeah.
nick: Be able to grabthings.
joe: Yeah. You have tobe flexible still. And that’s part of it, that when this transformationhappened, when
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: theflexibility can’t just be the subdermal layer because if he was stretching, youwould see gaps as, so it must be the rock itself rocket [00:08:00] that is stretching like an alligator skin and so on,which looks armored, but it still has a degree of flexibility. ’cause otherwisethe thing couldn’t operate couldn’t swim or anything else.
nick: that’s actuallya really good point. Like putting it towards like an alligator skin. I wouldn’thave even thought of that.
Jonathan: Actuallywhere I’ve always gone with the things skin because it has to move and know.You mentioned that I’m a research or knowledge junkie. I am a knowledge junk. Iwas a kid I, that’s what I was trying to figure out how he did that, where theHulk got his extra mass from, because Bruce was maybe 150 pounds and the Hulk.
So there, I knew just enough about science even as a kid. Tohave questions. And some of those I did get to ask, Stan, because I got to knowhim pretty well last few years of his life. And also some of the other folkswho worked on Fantastic Four. I had conversations with John Byrne about it.
J Byrne was more of the, everything’s elastic, just reallytough thing. And I mentioned to him about I called it crocodile skin, but thesame alligator skin, same thing. [00:09:00] Andhe said that, that’s probably exactly what it’s like that just thicker.
joe: Yeah.
nick: A
joe: more adorable or
geo: yeah,
joe: Or calcified insome way.
So you would have that, some combination, maybe armadilloscaling also would, it has some level of flexibility in It’s the way it’sjoined. And
geo: also
Jonathan: he smiles,he laughs, he frowns. All of those require elastic skin of the facial musclesand skin.
joe: And a muscle.Yeah. You, the muscle control of all that’s just not you.
You still have to maintain that. Yeah. Yeah. That
Jonathan: I.
nick: Yeah.
Jonathan: like thataspect of the thing of that, that concept of the thing being more elastic,more, it makes him more human and also makes him more of a scarified victim ofwhat’s going on, rather than a transformed into a monster thing. Because I, hewas always about the monster and he wasn’t a monster.
He was a victim of a reaction, a mutated skin reaction tosomething, it’s a cosmic race. It’s unfair and sad that he became, the [00:10:00] ugly one.
nick: I think you hiton a good thing right there where he does get identified as a monster and seenpeople with different deformities do get, back then people were like, oh,they’re either had a curse put on them or something.
It was just always, this is a monster.
Jonathan: yeah. Andthen we’re leaning in a little bit to the paranoia that was pretty common inthe fifties and sixties, anyone who wasn’t us. That, that other thing, plus,it’s the beginning of the civil rights era. Era, so you have a lot of that,it’s not us thing but that’s also, again, Kirby and Lee leaning into, justbecause it looks different, doesn’t make it not human.
I think there was a little bit of that in there too, which theyexplored with the X-Men and some other things. But I love the fact that BenGrimm is a good guy and I hated the fact that, and so many of the early comics,he’d be walking on the street maybe with a slouch hat and a car up.
Somebody would see him and it would be terrified. First off,why about issue two? They should know he exists.
geo: Right
Jonathan: It, they,Lee and Kurt kept wanting to make the point. And it’s funny [00:11:00] because the point they were making is whatwe in, in, in the novel trade it’s one of the rookie mistakes of assuming thereader doesn’t remember from the last episode to detail play down and keepsneeding to be reinforced.
I can understand it in Fantastic Four ’cause it was the firstMarvel comic, but they kept it going well into I think the forties issue,forties and in that
Still regarded as a monster. And I think even I, I’m Monster Ithink was maybe one of the titles or this man, this monster that was the
So that he’s still trying to get back to being human ’cause hestill is has now bought into the, people see me as a monster, therefore I amone.
geo: Yeah. That
Jonathan: It’s a sad
joe: and that, thatseemed like some of that storyline, if we think about just his identity, thathe was just sweet, caring person, but then he had this external kind of, it wasthis play maybe oversimplification
of these, traits that he had.
And you get that [00:12:00] andI you brought up. Just to segue a little bit to the civil rights movement thingis Luke Cage then in the, who came out, who also then was given tough skinunder different circumstances, this coerced, experimental activity. And thenthe racist the warden or police officer screwed with the
instrumentation.
then he was given, the super strong literally impenetrable kindof skin. So this very tough skin. And so that was a very different. So he wasvery normal on the outside, but society, at, seen him as a monster. So it’sthis this area.
Jonathan: also do youguys, guys know who John Lewis was, right?
nick: Yeah.
geo: Yeah. Yeah.
joe: yes.
Jonathan: So he did acomic called a March for IDW. We did a signing, together at one of, at ComicConone year. And we were talking, and Luke Cage was I think just coming on TV atthe time somewhere around the the Luke Cage era on Netflix.
And we were talking, and he’s in his theory on the, you LukeCage having the armored skin, is that black men, [00:13:00]black people had to be so bulletproof in terms of their reactions to what isbeing
About. That, what they did to Luke, what Luke represented was,no matter what you say, you can’t hurt me.
Was that kind of an approach that was at least John Lewis’stake, and I valid one
joe: Yeah. No, I,
geo: But
Jonathan: but again,I don’t know if the creators had that specifically in mind. It’s like withGeorge Romero in Night of Living Dead. I just wanna jump
A second, because in Ge Night of Living Dead, you had a blackman who was the only strong, intelligent
geo: right.
joe: And
Jonathan: and all thereviewers said, my God, this was this incredible civil rights movie.
It’s about racism. It wasn’t, he was the only good actor whoauditioned.
joe: Yeah,
Jonathan: right,George Romero saw those reactions and from then on leaned into that as theinterpretation of even that first movie. I think I would agree Marvel may becounting its own design aesthetic when, they gave some of these characters,these qualities.
I think they [00:14:00] may,I’m hoping at least on some subliminal level, they were trying to make thatkind of of equitable statement, about just because we are different does notmean we are bad or wrong or evil or monsters or anything. And, Marvel had themore progressive vibe than DC anyway, so I think that may have been, aningredient in the soup at least.
joe: Yeah. No, yeah, Ithink I totally agree with that and see that from that perspective especiallygrowing up in, in America as a a. Person of color, a black man that, that it issomething that you go out in the world and you have to be
as
good or better than your white counterparts at times.
And sometimes you’re the only, and so then you have that weightgoing out into the world, so that, that is also, both. And Luke Cage’scharacter was a large man, almost a John Henry kind of figure. So it wasn’tlike they took a skinny, black man and said, okay you’re now
nick: but superskinny.[00:15:00]
joe: he was
geo: a right,
joe: He was really a,he was
nick: intimidatingfigure. Yeah, that’s
joe: right. For, so
geo: and it wasliterally having tough skin. Literally
joe: skin. And,
geo: And, being ableto deal with
joe: right. And
geo: All, and skin,and
joe: Touch upon it alittle bit. But, enslaved people were used in experiments on skin andparticularly testing of thick skin.
So there was this
geo: theory
joe: that, theseenslaved people didn’t feel pain because they had thicker hides like animals.And so you had
geo: a
joe: number of slaveowners who would do these experiments and torturous experiments and go throughit. So that was it. And those myths persist even today.
That, with pain medication and thing that, that black peopledon’t need, as much, or can tolerate more pain because of these these kind ofracist ideals that, that were put out
nick: and that havecontinued,
joe: has continued.Yeah.
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: there,there was a a poem that may Angelou read at Temple University years ago, [00:16:00] and one of the lines in it, and I’ve triedto find this online, is just because I survived being whipped didn’t mean Iliked it.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: That andthat
geo: kind
Jonathan: speaks alittle bit to this, just because they survived the things that people put themthrough, didn’t mean they were invulnerable.
It meant they, they were committed to survival
It should have been admired rather than looked at as a freak ofnature, thing. But,
joe: No, definitely.Yep. No.
Jonathan: I just
wanna say one more thing about Fantastic Four. I don’t know ifyou know this story, Joe, but that comic first of off, it was my favorite comicand this was the very first comic I ever
joe: Wow. There it is.
nick: Oh damn.
geo: Oh wow.
Jonathan: Bought thatwhen I was a kid.
I was nine years old.
geo: Wow.
Jonathan: The thingabout Fantastic Four is I, my background had a lot to do with skin in thisregard. My father, who was a terrible human being, ran the local chapter of theKKK. So I grew up in a household dominated by racism in a neighborhood inPhiladelphia that was known as White Town, USA.
That was the [00:17:00]nickname of my neighborhood. It’s still rated as the worst neighborhood inPhiladelphia, even, it’s yay team. And it was
joe: which neighborhooddid you grow up in? Kente. Okay. I was gonna try to guess, but I didn’t
Jonathan: never beenthere. If a black family would move in the neighborhood, their house would befirebombed,
joe: Yeah. Wow.
Jonathan: terribleplace.
So when an issue, was it 52 that black Panther showed up? Whenthat character f because I’ve been, even though this was the first, fantasy 466 was the first comic I bought. I’ve been reading comics since I was a littlekid. My brother gave me all his comics before he went off to Vietnam.
So I had, fantasy four, going back to issue two and issue 52 ofFantasy four introduced a black character who was nobody’s sidekick. He was no,he was not comic relief. He was not a start to, he was the king of his ownnation. He was a scientist and he was a superhero. And of course, my fatherwould see that comic, he’d rip it up.
And, I would always rebuy them. And then later on in seventhgrade, I actually went to a, my middle school librarian and brought a co [00:18:00] one of the copies one of the comics in andsaid my father, she knew who my father was. Everybody did, my father hates thiscomic. I don’t really know why.
’cause I was, I hadn’t met any people of color up until seventhgrade. My neighbor was white. And she looked at the issue and said thatparticular, she was about apartheid. I’m like, what? What is that? And sheexplained it and she said do you know about the Jim Crow laws? I’m like, no.
And she said, do you know who Martin Luther King was? I said,yeah, he was this, and unfortunately, I used a racial epithet because that’swhat we were trained to use. I said, he was a bad guy who was killed my father,had to throw a party. And she said, sit down. For two and a half hours.
She gave me a crash course in what intolerance and racism areall about.
nick: the
Jonathan: And theissue that I brought in was interesting because it speaks to the topic hereabout skin. It was the issue where Tal is arrested in the Marvel universeversion of South Africa. I forget what the, what they used to call it in thecomics, but he was arrested, he was in prison.
And Ben and Johnny go to [00:19:00]break him out. Ben is orange, brown, Johnny when he is a is red a brown man anda red man helped a black man out of a prison. That is not an accident. EvenSue. Nowhere in sight.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: And it flewright over the head of a lot of people. But, my my librarian, she said, this islike very clear.
It’s, this is about, the races who have to stick togetherbecause they have a greater enemy. But they’re still people and they should bere regarded based on their actions and, content of their soul or quality ofsoul. But it was so interesting that they had, I think it was Ro Roy Thomasmaybe wrote that episode over that issue, but it was so clear, brown, red andblack.
joe: Wow.
geo: Yeah.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: threedifferent skin tones that were really politically charged at the time, withthat 1971 or so. And it, because it could, they could float it by people in acomic, because you could talk about different skin colors, different skin typesin comics because they’re superheroes or super villain.
geo: Right?
Jonathan: But therewas a group, [00:20:00] there was a percentageof the fan base that was getting it.
joe: Yeah. That’s good.I know
Jonathan: I got ahint of it there. And from then on my views and my father’s views split justsay on an epic level.
geo: wow.
joe: Yes. No,
nick: So I have toask how.
joe: how.
nick: Did he knowthat you wrote for Black Panther and all this? He
Jonathan: He was, hedied before that. But had started studying martial arts on the sly when I wassick because, it was a very bad household to grow up. And my four sisters and Iwere pretty badly, abused. And when I was 14, he and I had it out. We had afight. And from that point on he just say there were no more meetings of theKKK in our house.
And he did not make any statements or put his hands on anyone.But
He did not live long enough to see my Marvel comic stays. SoI’m hoping that he’s in his graves spinning it about war. None. Not only did Iwrite Black Panther, I wrote Black Panther, but the female lead, so I wrote afeminist Black
geo: Wow.
Jonathan: probablyhis bones have probably exploded.[00:21:00]
geo: Wow.
Jonathan: I’m okaywith that.
joe: Yeah.
nick: That is sointeresting to hear like that Is your upbringing like being able to come fromthat kind of background to writing some fantastic stories about minority leadsthat, that’s so in
Jonathan: of thatstory. I got the job at Marvel for this particular thing ’cause Reggie Hu,who’d been writing Black Panther. I was already done. I had done a MarvelZombies, I did a Punisher on Wolverine thing, for Marvel by that point. Andthey were Reggie was thinking of stepping down.
He had been the writer for Black Panther. And they were lookingfor someone to replace him. And the assumption was they would, he would pick ablack writer which makes perfect sense. But he heard me talk on the radio,talking about my childhood and how the Black Panther was the pivotal momentwhere my life began splitting away from my father’s racism.
So he went to bat for me at Marvel and got me the gig. And alsobecause I had spent 35 years of my adult life teaching women’s self-defense, hedecided to [00:22:00] give me an extra littlebonus. He said, look, the last six issues of my run, we’re gonna turn Sureyinto the panther. Why don’t you come and post, write that storyline.
I’ll do the maid storyline, but major storyline. But you do theSurey storyline, so you’ll be the first person to put her in the armor and thenyou’ll pick up the comic after that. That’s what we did.
geo: Wow, that’samazing.
Jonathan: I’m still,I, Reggie was also at the Black Panther, Wakanda forever and we were joking.
He said, that radio, if you hadn’t done that radio interview, alot of this wouldn’t be happening right now. But, it was so surreal.
joe: Yeah,
geo: Wow. So
joe: I do want to touchon one of your characters who has skin
as part of their storyline, and that’s Monk and that,
geo: yeah.
nick: You had to
geo: know that wascoming.
Jonathan: actually, Ididn’t I didn’t, but I’m glad you brought up. Monk is one of my favorite
geo: It’s, I love himso much. Glip is like, one of my all time favorite novels. Yeah.
joe: Georgia had, she
geo: and that’sprobably why I
joe: on our chalk boardin our kitchen, and she
geo: Did you, Ialready read
joe: book. And I wasI’ve [00:23:00] been reading your stuff for awhile. And Georgia picked up that book ’cause it was just laying in, in thehouse. And then she was like, oh, this is did you read this line?
I was like, I read the whole book. Yes, I
geo: know.
Jonathan: Monkappears in two other novels and in a short story collection. He’s in Inc.
joe: Yep. Yeah, sure.
Jonathan: BurnedShine, the latest Joe Ledger
joe: Yep.
nick: If you can seethey geeked out and had all your
Jonathan: yeah, thereyou go. And of course, monk Addison’s
geo: That’s right.Yeah.
Jonathan: But hestarted off as a comic book character.
Actually.
geo: Oh, wow.
Jonathan: at onepoint IDW was going to do a shared horror universe, kinda like the DC and theMarvels with the a shared, so it was gonna be Steve Niles Joe Hill, myself, oneor two other guys. We were gonna create monsters that lived in the same world,but were also like heroic monsters.
And we were all ready to go. And then there was a managementchange at Marvel at the IDW rather than never happened. So I took the characterback and I decided to make a short story out of him. And it intended to be aone-off. But as soon as I start writing, I just love the concept of someone whois [00:24:00] haunted by what he does and bythe, the faces of dead people on his
And their ghosts never leave him,
joe: and
Jonathan: are we’regetting a little bit of interest in for film. VIN Diesels reading Ink rightnow.
nick: Oh,
joe: That would be,that, that would be incredible. I can
nick: totally see.That’s really cool.
geo: Oh
joe: and to folks whoare listening you should go read one of the, we’ll put in the show notes, oneof the many stories that Monk is in, but he’s a, an a private
Jonathan: I couldBrenda, he’s a former special ops soldier who then became a private militarycontractor, burned out, went on the pilgrims road to find who he was. And hefound out like he got a tattoo at one point. And he realized that when thetattoo was completed, it was a face of someone.
He was able to then relive their death. And there, there was alittle girl that was murdered and he is able not only relive her death, but seewhat she saw when she was dying, which gave him clues to be able to go out andfind the killers. And that became his road to, it’s hard to call it salvation’cause he isn’t going out killing people.
But at the [00:25:00] samepoint, he’s, it’s a, he’s doing something that is a redemption story, not areligious story, but a redemption
And he has all faces all over him of all these murder victims.And when the tattoo is completed, he, relieves the death, goes finds the killerand if he can stop this person, not as revenge, but to prevent the person fromdoing more killing, and he takes the guy off the board, but the ghost that kindof hired him to do this is always with him.
So he’s surrounded by all the ghosts of the people that he’s,that were murdered and he killed their killers, but they’re always with himlike 24 7. And it, it’s a tough life, but he’s one of my favorite characters.There’s a lot of the thing in him in that with the thing. You always know wherehis moral compass is pointing. He’s not a conflicted character. He is notreally a gray area of character. Reed gets real gray at times. The thing, if hehas your back’s covered. Monk is the same way. Monk’s a dangerous guy. He’s notnecessarily [00:26:00] friendly, he’s not, I’mnot even sure he is likable, for the people who know him. But if he has yourback,
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: You’reokay. You’re gonna be okay. He will not ever hurt the innocent. And that’sthere’s, so there’s a little bit of Ben Grimm in him for sure.
joe: yeah,
geo: Wow.
joe: it’s That ideathat the tattoos are speaking through him, to him, I was looking up some stufffor this episode and preparing is the Skin Ego it’s this kind of theory Dieter,I. And Zoey and suggests that the skin serves as a metaphorical container for theego and provides a sense of boundary and containment for psychic content. TheSkin Ego is like the physical skin, and it’s the boundary that separatesindividual from the external world and also holds to psychic apparatus togetherbody boundaries reflecting kind of psychological boundaries. So it, it was indigging around I was, trying to make the science of monk work a little.
nick: bit.
geo: So I,
Jonathan: Yeah,actually I need to find that thing you were talking about, I [00:27:00] needed to read that. It sounds like it’sreally the right thing for me because if we’re gonna be pitching Monk for filmor tv, I want to be able to build a pitch that really digs deep into thispsychology of it. Most people don’t know this, but Vin Diesel’s an actuallyreally well read individual.
nick: Oh yeah,
joe: Yeah,
Jonathan: He doesn’talways play those types of characters. Unlike Johnny Bernthal plays ThePunisher, the two of them look like together. Based on some of the charactersthey played looks like together, they, collectively of the IQ of about 60. Butin reality, both really good, down to earth nice guys.
Some of the press isn’t always this. I think the press defines’em by their characters more than by them.
But
joe: VIN Diesel, beforethe Fast
geo: Series,
joe: was in BoilerRoom, which I thought was just an incredible movie where it wasn’t Muscle andBraun. It was a very, it was a, a. Thinking movie, I guess if we’re gonnaclassify
nick: Guns
geo: versus,
joe: Yeah.
But I, that was some of his early stuff before he got into theaction. And he found this stride [00:28:00]and, I think that happens. Like he’s a beefy dude and he plays those rolesreally well, but Yeah.
Jonathan: hilariousthough that he’s a DD dungeon master, though.
geo: Yep.
joe: Oh yeah.
nick: Yeah. And he’sa giant nerd.
geo: Oh, wow. Yeah,
Jonathan: actuallyhas a cloak with the hood when he plays
geo: wow.
joe: Wow.
nick: I’ve read that
Jonathan: Becausehe’s one and Henry CA’s one too, and you got these two guys who are, they’redefined a lot by their ability to punch things
Yet, they’re both book nerds, fantasy nerds, pop culture nerdsmakes me like them a lot more,
geo: I think that’sperfect for playing Monk. Because he is such a tough guy, but is introspectiveand do you know what I mean? So that just Yeah.
Jonathan: Sure. Andmonk is trying to find, there, there’s a, I have a long game with the characterof Monk. He’s trying to find his way to the fire zone, which is referenced in acouple different works. And it’s a book I will be actually writing called TheFire Zone that, that kind of TERs together.
But he, he wants peace,
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: he’s doneso much harm in his life. As a, first not asking questions, who he [00:29:00] has to shoot when he was wearing a uniformand asking even fewer questions when he was a private military contractor, hehas, to quote black Widow a lot of red in his ledger and he
And, that isn’t usually done by doing pretty stuff. But alsohe’s good at it and he knows he’s good at it. And there’s a burden there too.When somebody is good at something, even if it’s something that hurts them, butit benefits other people. It’s hard to lay down your sword and shield on thatone.
nick: Yeah,
joe: No, that’s good.Now,
geo: monk also, it’snot just about getting the tattoos and having the ghosts, it’s also what’s inthe, it’s the actual blood, right?
Of,
Jonathan: Yeah. Bloodis mixed with holy water and tattoo ink to create these these tattoos. And hisbest friend Patty Cakes is the tattoo artist. It was her daughter that wasmurdered and that was his first, first of these tattoos. It’s,
joe: I think I thinkonly one of it I, as I’ve heard you talk about this and you do not have atattoo, Jonathan, is that right? Or do you, okay.
geo: Yeah.
joe: You’re like me.
geo: I don’t have,but
Jonathan: We’re lessthan a month [00:30:00] away from me being agrandfather
nick:congratulations.
geo: Oh, wow.
Jonathan: thanks. My,my son and his fiance are, are expecting and the baby’s gonna be named Orion,
geo: Oh, nice.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: so afterthe baby’s born and healthy and mama’s healthy and everything else. Sam, my sonand I are gonna go out and get Orion constellation tattoos.
joe: Awesome.
nick: cool. Verycool. Honestly, it just feels like a cat scratch.
joe: So I
nick: was gonna say,Nick has, I have multiple, yeah. It, oh, you got that thick skin right here.
joe: Oh boy.
nick: There,
joe: now
Jonathan: it’s beenpunctured enough times. I used to be a bodyguard, so I had been stabbed withice pick screwdrivers, knives chopped in the shoulder with a meat cleaver andet.
nick: o yeah.
joe: Yeah. So
nick: So
joe: I,
Jonathan: I have, myskin is not impervious Wish. It was really
joe: If
geo: it was, you wentto get medical
joe: That’s always init. You
nick: brought that upearlier
joe: how do you get,how do you get treated if you need
geo: someone
nick: needs to goinside of
geo: you to
joe: fix something.That’s
Jonathan: I thinkthat’s a missed opportunity for Marvel to do a TV series about, ’cause theyhave [00:31:00] damage control and they had thenight nurse. But I think a clinic for superheroes would be
joe: Yeah.
geo: In Luke Cage,they tried to, they were trying to Netflix. They got
joe: shot with thebullet
nick: that
joe: the kind ofexploding drill tip.
geo: And then she wastrying to get,
joe: she took ’em backto the
geo: original Right.
joe: and cooked them inthe,
geo: there was a,
joe: whole clam.
And it’s interesting ’cause mollus
geo: actually, thereare
joe: that have ironkind of formation in their foot. So in the, so they can scrape algae off ofrocks and fer those out there, mullis are like octopuses cuttlefish clams.Those are classified as mollus.
And they have
geo: shell
joe: they have a footthat can come out and they. They can do work. And so that’s one. And then theyhave, there’s another mole that has like teeth, like kind of iron teeth tocrack shells and things like that. So it is a,
Are some real world. And so that was the idea there that,that’s, and the show, they played on that, that’s what was in this soup.
And they were gonna heat ’em up and then that would [00:32:00] loosen the structure, the molecularstructure, which a
nick: little, a lotof hand waving
joe: as a, so
nick: I was like, oh,
joe: does this work?
geo: But yeah,
joe: it was they didcover
geo: that. At leastthey, at least they tried to cover it. Yeah. Tried attempt to
joe: explain it.
But,
Jonathan: Yeah. Andthey used the night nurse character, I’m forgetting her, Claire, they usedClaire as,
joe: Yep. Yep.
Jonathan: as thego-to person for Daredevil and so
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: I wouldlove to have seen that become a secret department within the hospital sheworked
I might pitch it to Marvel
joe: yeah.
geo: I like that.
Jonathan: doctorfriends. We could some people who would advise me, so
nick: that would be areally cool, like just medical series. Yes. Yeah,
joe: if you’re lookingfor a writer, then, happy to write something for you.
geo: Nonetheless
nick: the other thingI was
joe: say about thetattoos and you, another thing I was looking up was all of the kind of dermalsensors.
I, I didn’t really know a lot about that till I was looking itup, but the MIT had a project where they were using bio sensitive inks in therethat was a reactive to glucose, pH, sodium kind of to monitor [00:33:00] health . And so this tattoo ink was biowas actually bio censored.
And so you have this kind of.
Jonathan: They’reworking on diabetics to be able to like literally flash a little warning when,things like that. Cancer sensors and other things. And also the, one of thethings they’re, they’ve been talking about, I don’t know if they’ve gottenthere quite yet, is an implant that will sense the onset of seizures of onekind or another, and then transmit immediately to 9 1
Or to the, the contact person for, care. It’s a great idea. Andthat’s the kind of body mods I’m okay with. I’m not a big fan of body mod forthe most part, but that one, those sort of things, when science is used for theright thing,
Right? I’m
joe: Yep.
Jonathan: doing upone of my upcoming Joe Ledger novels is going to deal with cybernetics and allof its different good and bad phases.
And I started doing some research and man, it’s amazing what’sunder RD right now. And it’s freaky that we’re so much further along than Ithought we were. A lot of the stuff is there, it’s just a matter of getting theright funding, right grants and [00:34:00]getting it past people who don’t want that kind of thing attached to them.
They’ll find with going out and getting a barcode or a QR codetattooed on them, not something, that’s not stylish, but their health.
joe: Yeah. I think theso at the University of Chicago where I do research at and work I’m part of thethe cube, which is a quantum NSF funded facility where they’re
geo: where they’re
joe: trying to developquantum sensors for biological applications like that. And so that is, it’sreally, so I was just in a meeting because I’m a biologist, so I go and try tointerface with the physicist and chemists talk about applications.
So that’s where. I come in,
geo: I know
joe: enough to talkabout qubits and, how entanglement works, but I’m not, that is not myexpertise. But and going over how these sensors can work to report informationout is super important. So yeah it’s a fascinating as I got into that and hearabout some of the things and, ’cause it’s like, how do we get this
geo: thing that
joe: in cells on aPetri dish now into a body or what’s the [00:35:00]mechanism?
And, it’s
geo: the, you’reright
joe: it is
geo: some of the
joe: stuff that’s insci-fi and, it’s now making its way and it’s that’s more real than you think,
Jonathan: sciencefiction has always been one of the reasons they called it speculative fictionor, it’s a lot of people looking forward. The cell phones, we’re clearlyinspired by the communicators on Star Trek, but we do more, much more now. Thecell’s far more, it’s like the communicator, the tri-quarter, about 15 otherthings.
In our phone now, but that’s where the idea came from for itsstructure. And a lot of other things, what I grew up reading, the reprints, theban of reprints of the old doc Savage novels, man of bronze, if you’ve everread any of those. They published 175 of them published in the thirties andforties.
And he always had advanced technology that he developed and alot of it’s stuff we have now.
geo: Wow. Yeah.Contact
Jonathan: lensesanswering machines, planes that, this is 1934 planes that flew 500 mile anhour.
Have that. All so many of the things that, that Lester Dent,who wrote most of the novels, put in the stories for [00:36:00]things that people were just saying, wouldn’t it be cool if
writers threw that stuff into fiction and some of the peoplereading that fiction grew up three scientists.
joe: Yes. That’s theway it works sometimes.
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: one of mybest friends, one of my best friends, Ronald Coleman, who’s now actually acharacter, ongoing character in my Joe Ledger stories.
But he’s a molecular biologist, stem cell scientist. And I’mconstantly talking to him about wouldn’t it be cool if we could do this?
And sometimes he’s yeah we did that in
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: Or we’reall come up with, wouldn’t it be cool if we could do this? Would this even bepossible? He is not yet, but maybe by the time the book is out, because I knowworking on grants for that, I love science and I love the fact that keepsmoving forward.
What I don’t like is that there are groups that, that aretaking this science, and of course the biggest funding is for DARPA and thingslike that. The military research,
nick: Yeah.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: I’ve talkedto those guys a bunch of times and yeah, some scary nerds.
joe: right?
nick: The best kind,scary nerds. So I do have a question, Joe. How likely is it to have [00:37:00] skin? Like the thing, because I know thereis that syndrome where
joe: yeah,
nick: guy had thetree skin,
joe: Your skin can cal,calcification of skin and I’m trying to think of the disorders.
Like FFAP, FOP or something
nick: I think it’ssomething around there. Yeah. And so
geo: your,
joe: yeah, you justhave this kind of all your fibrous tissues begin to calcify and over calcifyinto bony structures. The problem with that, you’d have to make this next leapbecause as we talked about earlier, how do you make that flexible, right?
Because those folks usually are fairly, they come very stiff intheir structure and they, and rigid. So you need to, now how do you make that.So almost, it can’t be an internal structure. It has to be external in terms ofthe way you would form it. So that would have to be either a new fourth skinlayers
nick: created
geo: that
joe: then give you thisextra properties and or your dermis would now excrete something some material, [00:38:00] either, one of these iron
geo: sulfide kind of
joe: compounds or couldbe even calcified.
We talked about diatoms in I think the plant episode. And sowhere they produce silicate or coral, they produce a calcium kind of deposit.So there are organisms that do excrete these materials. And you could havethese snails That’s right, snail shells, right? So there are these bio your
nick: teeth
joe: a biomaterial,right?
And so there’s a lot of folks Working on that. I know some ofthose folks, and it’s fascinating because the interface between biology and,this kind of this biomaterial is unique and, difficult to reproduce. That’s whyyou go in for dental work or implants stay, they don’t stay all the time orthey, it’s a interesting field there.
But yeah I
Jonathan: One of theconceits within comics though on that topic though, is that when, they neverconsidered that a lot of these mu mutations would be detrimental to
joe: Yes. Yep. Yes.
Jonathan: withinskin, the [00:39:00] way it is, he would be a,a patient in a hospital somewhere. He would be walking around punching the.
nick: Yes. When wetalked about
joe: the cosmic rays inthemselves would be pretty damaging, so you would have to be a mutant alreadyto tolerate the cosmic race from not just being a cancer patient. You’re right.He would be in those the, instead of tough skin, it would just have tumors allover him and, a ruined thyroid because he’s been,
geo: On your chest,
joe: You’re now beendevastated by cosmic race unshielded and exposed to cosmic race.
Which, you know, so Yeah. It you’re right. About that.
nick: Yeah, so
joe: And so
geo: it
Jonathan: It doescreate a, an opening though for stories to be told that would explain it. Andjust like there have been a lot of folks that come along and tried to explainthe physics of Star Trek or Star
geo: right.
Jonathan: On thephysics of Superman. There are plenty of books out there where, scientists likeyourself are trying to say, okay, if that is
joe: right. That’sright
Jonathan: then how.
I played with this, actually not on, on the skin subject, but Idid a book called Zombie, CSU, where I [00:40:00]interviewed a couple hundred people in the real world about what would happenif zombies were real. If zombies were here, inarguably here, I would beresearch, react, respond, whatever. And, talked to scientists, talk to, all thedifferent types of scientists military and everyone else, everyone has atheory, but it would be, it would need to be a new there wouldn’t have to bethere.
Somebody have to be, throw a hell of a lot of money intoresearch to finding out how these people are not dying as a result of thesechanges. And I think that opens up a lot of storytelling possibility for comicstoo. But I would love to do an anthology, a prose anthology where scientistswrite superhero stories that explain the superheroes.
joe: Yeah.
geo: No.
nick: there you
geo: there you go.No,
Jonathan: I do know abunch of scientists, writers.
joe: Yeah.
geo: Yeah,
joe: Yeah. right. Yes.
Jonathan: Some inthis room.
geo: that’s
nick: That’s what
joe: that’s what we tryto do on the podcast. Nick could throw me that question. I
geo: know. Yeah, it’s
joe: I
geo: do think,
joe: and you talk aboutsome of those things, like you have other heroes Colossus who has, he puts themetal armor on and you talk about your skin [00:41:00]breathing, he’d have to take that off pretty quick and, or is there some othermechanism that he’s using to actually dissipate heat and things like that.
So you do have these kind of these characters who have thisthese abilities. And then to form a metallic skin and then take it away alsorequire some level of. Rapid metabolism. And on this, on the podcast, we alwaystry to explain things in terms of how many Big Macs would you have to eat tocompensate for the caloric load of doing some of these modifications quickly.
Jonathan: Yeah.
joe: that’s right.Yeah.
geo: Which no talks
joe: the calories, sothat’s why
Jonathan: Yeah withColossus, it would make a little more sense if instead of it just being steel,it was plates that,
joe: Yes.
Jonathan: Under whichair could get through
joe: Yes.
Jonathan: Evaporationhappen and so on. But again, the comic book writers are not scientists. We’rein the 21st century. We’re 25 years into century.
It’s time to level up and let the nerds come out to play andmake the comics make sense, which I think would bring [00:42:00]in whole group of readers because a lot of people dismiss comics foolishly assaying that they’re not literature, they’re not good, but they are, they’rereally
geo: Absolutely.
Jonathan: if, youcould use comics as a way to teach stem, STEM
joe: I agree.
geo: Definitely
Jonathan: much,there’s a lot of good science there.
But there’s also what if science and what if science is whatdrives science forward?
joe: We talk aboutzombies. That was so that how I got into, I always wanted to do science,education and outreach. And I realized a lot of adults don’t know anythingabout science. And I had a friend who was doing these art and science talks,and he approached me with this idea and he said, oh, I’m doing these talks, butno one shows up to hear about the science lectures.
And I was like, oh. So this was some years ago. And it’s how Idiscovered your view because I was I said I’m a big zombie fan and that’s kindsof zombies and how it works. So I started reading everyone at, had the zombiestuff and kind of where they’re at. Where’s the literature at? All the [00:43:00] movies.
And so I pitched to my friend, I said, Hey, we should do theart and science to science of zombies. And he looks at me and who, and he ofthe sciences also, he goes, but no one does research on zombies.
geo: I go, I know,but if you want people to show up, then
joe: talk aboutsomething that’s super fun and then we’ll sneak science in on em.
And I’m a cell biologist, so we’ll do all cell biology and kindof talk. And it was, we filled this art gallery up with people. It was standingroom only. And he was like, wow, this really worked. And so now as he does it Ithink he’s stopped or taking a pause, but every time he does it, he has somelittle hook like that now.
And I’m like, yeah, let’s keeping going. And so that was then,how we arrived to this podcast was at that idea, but that was the start of it.Zombies was the the fun and figuring out how you would get the infection eventand then what would happen after that. In fast zombies.
nick: you love fastzombies.
Jonathan: yeah. In mydead at night series, I worked with scientists to come up with a parasitedriven one. Toxic plasma, green jewel wasp, whole bunch of other
And
joe: sometimes[00:44:00]
geo: you,
Jonathan: You can geta certain distance toward doability, toward, actual rea realizing it for some,if you talk to the right scientist and get them to really, put their mind toit, you get a lot further and closer to it than is comfortable sometimes.
But you’re talking
geo: right
Jonathan: the artgallery thing here in San Diego. We have the Fleet Center, which is a sciencecenter attached to the the astronomy center. And I was on a panel there. Theyhad also been trying to do panels and nobody was showing up to them. So becauseComic-Con is in San Diego, they decided to start bringing in comics people totalk to scientists.
The very first panel where I met the scientist I mentionedearlier, Dr. Ronald Coleman. It was Kevin Eastman, the artist who co-createdthe Ninja Turtles and myself. We were comic creators. And then the two, therewas a var Virologist who’s sadly named, I’m blanking on Nancy something, Ican’t remember her last name.
And Ronald Coleman, who’s, said a stem cell scientist. And wewere asking them questions and they were, they they were asking us questions.The [00:45:00] audience was asking questions.Kevin, the artist from Ninja Turtles, he wa he was like, goo or whatever. So wejust, we need, we needed a thing.
We just call it that. That’s total there. Or my V wars thing, Iwanted it to be a genetic disorder that was latent. And, as melting polar rice,softened permafrost, all diseases were. And I, that’s an idea I had before thatactually started happening, by
geo: Oh boy.
Jonathan: Before wegot to the popular press I subscribed to some science newsletters and I read anarticle back in 2010 about melting rice, releasing old bacteria and possiblyviruses.
And I’m like. That’s scary as hell. Let me write a book,
geo: right?
Jonathan: not the TVwars,
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: But
joe: yeah. Yeah.
Jonathan: thezombies, the fun thing about zombies is, each individual thing it does, can beexplained by nature. Like the fact that it has a lower metabolism be, so itdoesn’t rot as much. There are animals, the ground squirrel the, I forget thename of the frog, that, that freezes solid every year and then falls, withoutthe tissue damage because of the way [00:46:00]the sugars,
That exists.
The if the motor cortex was working. Or even on a minimallevel, the zombie could walk, bite, chew, swallow. Without the motor of cortex,it couldn’t, unless there’s respiration, a zombie couldn’t moan. And we knowzombies moan. You can make an argument that zombies are not dead, they’re notalive, they’re living dead.
A third state of existence based on a great a rate ofmetabolism so greatly reduced that they appear dead to the point where theirouter tissues become necrotic, but they’re still not actually dead.
joe: It’s
geo: yeah, I hadthought
joe: In my own head andwe’re getting off, I gonna get back to skin ’cause we’re gonna have to closethe episode a little bit.
But yeah I had a dual infection event. One of the mind, butalso, people forget about the second brain and that’s our gut, which is justfilled with bacteria.
So as our control systems, entropy starts to take over, thenthat would be your driving force. And those bacteria then would have somepreservation of [00:47:00] self. Especially ifthe brain was now infected by something else, it might not have as tight ofcontrol over the system, so you can then have this dual function.
That also explains why in movies you have this, not everyone’sinfected by a splatter of blood or something like that, because you need bothparts to become infected. And so you could
geo: be primed.
joe: And then onceyou’re primed and maybe you have a death event,
geo: and now
joe: the brain parasitecan take over, and then the gut ones can now go, oh, you know what?
There’s no more control. Everything’s leaky, leaky gutsyndrome. We
geo: can get inthere, we can now invade.
joe: And we now we canhave this kind of two brain system in control. And hence why, your movementsare shambling and things like that. Not necessarily because your coronation isbad, but because you your, you have two.
Competing entities in inside one, one body. But
geo: That’s
nick: Anotherepisode, another rabbit
geo: hole.
joe: But
Jonathan: That one
nick: you’re in,
joe: you’re in,
nick: so I do wanna,
geo: I’m gonna touchon my
joe: [00:48:00] fun fact list. I promise a list and I’dlike to deliver,
geo: but
nick: There’s awebsite
joe: maybe you’refamiliar with it. I just learned about it. It’s called bio numbers.
geo: and it’s this
joe: fun website, atleast I think it’s
geo: fun where
nick: you
joe: search fordifferent topics and it will give you these kind of biology relevant numbers.
And so how many proteins are inside of a cell or
nick: how,
geo: so
joe: I put in, aboutskin and then it has the paper reference, which then I clicked on links becausethat’s what I do. And
nick: So it was just
geo: fun. Things
joe: and it saved mesome time on this weight
geo: of skin.
joe: On average isabout nine pounds or 4.1 kilograms for the folks who wanna go to metric.
The
nick: number of
joe: skin cells, about1 billion on average number of bacteria in skin, about 1 trillion. So that’s alot of bacteria, which we didn’t even talk about. The skin kind of, how wouldbend skin the bacterial that keeps that, that
geo: are very
joe: and beneficial?How are they living?
How are they getting along?
nick: Do you think hehas to [00:49:00] moisturize?
geo: when he gets
joe: fungal infection,like ringworm underneath those
geo: rocks. Yeah.What kind of lotion does he use?
nick: foot, athlete’sfoot there?
Jonathan: a story.Somebody needs to write that story.
nick: Yeah. I wouldjust assume the human torch is just Hey, I’ll get that. Hold on.
geo: 90% of the humanbody
joe: covered in hair. Ididn’t realize that, but that was
geo: how much? 90%.90%.
nick: Is that it?Density of
joe: procars, soprocars are bacteria. So these are organisms without a nucleus versuseukaryotes, which we are ourselves are eukaryotic.
The density of procars in the skin of humans. And this is cellsper centimeter squared. It’s about a thousand to 10,000 and you’re growing andunder your arm, it’s about a million. Per centimeter, per centimeter squared,or that’s about 0.78 inches squared for those who think in inches.
So that was and
geo: and this allcame from that one website,
joe: website. The
geo: term of
joe: in your entireepidermis is about 26 to [00:50:00] 27 days. Soyou got, so yeah, so you,
nick: it’s
geo: oh, all that,
nick: that dried dead
joe: skin you’regenerating, that’s you’re danner.
So that’s another for Ben. How’s he dealing with
nick: I thought itwould just be rock dust. No, that’s
geo: to us. That’s
Jonathan: that when,I wish that when skin generated, it would take scars away. ’cause I got
geo: yeah. So
joe: that was those aresome fun. And then I, the concentration on microbes in human gut, I just hadgot, I, that one was there and that’s in the tens of billions of cells and,number of human cells.
’cause it, this was something I always think about are we morebacteria than than human? But the number of total number of human cells in yourbody is about 10 to 30 trillion. So you’re, so you got about hundreds ofbillions of. Bacteria on you, in you, but you still are a little more human.
Just,
nick: Slightly morehuman than bacteria.
geo: Yeah.
nick: I don’t,
Jonathan: quitehuman. But
joe: yeah, that’sright.
geo: So there you go.There’s
Jonathan: I thinkthey’re more bacteria,
joe: so those are somefun, just some fun skin facts and others,
geo: But yeah, bio
joe: I can,
Jonathan: Oh, I’mdefinitely gonna be hitting that. I wrote [00:51:00]it down.
joe: yeah. Yeah.
geo: It’s a fun,
joe: and when I learnedof it, I was in a lecture and someone had these cool numbers and I went, I waslike, how do you get these, did you just guess at this stuff?
And they were like, no, there’s this website, bio numbers. Andthe first thing I did when I got back to my office pile numbers,
Jonathan: I love thatthere is nerd porn for scientists too.
nick: it exists.
joe: Like we, we keepit secret. It’s our
nick: own little
Jonathan: Like nerdporn for writers is the TV troops website. If you ever been to TV troops,
geo: oh,
Jonathan: that, allof the tropes of everything and a
joe: in there.
nick: Interesting.
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: days on it.I,
joe: Wow.
Jonathan: So much ofmy stuff’s on there and I, somebody said, oh, you’re on, I saw you on TV trope.
I’m like. TV tropes when there’s a whole bunch of my stuff andthey’re breaking witch tropes and which variations of tropes are used and soon. But I love the, that’s fun. I gotta grab that because, sometimes when ascientist in a story wants to, as Bob, that sort of thing when they’re infodumpy moment, you do want your details.
My science guy I normally go to, he [00:52:00]actually does work a day job. But so I have to catch him when he’s available.
geo: Yeah,
joe: you go. You canhave some numbers to throw out there
geo: and the paperreferences so
joe: you can look it upand see where to get the numbers. ’cause it is it was interesting. So there wasa lot of cool things in there, but yeah.
There you go. Yeah. So I
Jonathan: I knowwe’ve just about run outta time, but is there one, was there another topic onskin that we need to go back to that we didn’t cover?
geo: I
joe: do you guys,unless
geo: you havesomething
joe: you want to do,
nick: please. I havea whole list of
Jonathan: the
geo: We have another,yeah.
Jonathan: Yeah. Youmentioned the human torch
joe: Yep.
nick: yep.
Jonathan: how thehell does he not dehydrate? Like
joe: That’s right.
geo: So we’ll have,
joe: we’re gonna do anepisode on all the Fantastic Fours.
Jonathan: Okay.
joe: have,
geo: we actually
joe: are gonna have aDr. David Pincus from University of Chicago on for that episode. And so hejoined us for actually the permafrost episode,
geo: Was
nick: which was
joe: of the funniest
geo: episodes.
joe: yeah he kind ofstudies, the impact of environmental changes on organisms short term and longterm.
And one of the things [00:53:00]is heat stress and heat shock. So I think it, I
geo: so that’ll be agreat question for him.
joe: it would be. Yeah.We’ll pose that to
geo: him.
Jonathan: Ice Man.Ice Man
nick: Iceman. Yeah,that’s
joe: right now,
geo: Man. Oh yeah.
joe: Yes. So how doeshe live in that ice state? That’s a whole nother, that’s another episode Ithink.
nick: And movingthose arms with ice on him.
joe: without cracking.Yes.
geo: How’s he stayflexible?
Jonathan: I have, Ijust have this idea that somewhere there’s a DARPA lab where a couple of guysare trying to figure out how to make the sup, make the Fantastic Four
nick: Right.
joe: Yes.
nick: I’m in
geo: Cosmic Rays
joe: is not the answer.I’m gonna go right there.
geo: That’s,
nick: We can’t rollthat out yet, Joe. I will.
Jonathan: actually,one of the funny things is guys have seen Night of Living Dead, right? The
joe: yes.
nick: Yes, of course.
Jonathan: So one, oneof the conceits there is that the major theory in the first film is thatradiation from returning space probe. George Romero was a huge fan of theFantastic Four, and that was his nod to the
joe: interesting. Wow.
Jonathan: though onespace probe returning does not explain global, I [00:54:00]busted George a lot on this because,
geo: Neither livingDead. Was
joe: it truly global orwas it local? Just in Western Pennsylvania, because that was that clear
Jonathan: wanted itto be global because people were talking about it in Washington and other
joe: Okay. Yeah. Imight’ve been on the radio. Yep.
Jonathan: clearlywas, but the first one, he was the first one he actually expected it to be,defeated.
It was never intent to be a series, but he immediately, decidedto go further with it. His next film actually explored another aspect of it,the Crazies,
nick: Oh yeah. Of
joe: the
geo: I love thecrazies.
Jonathan: rage
joe: Yeah. That’sright.
Jonathan: That wewouldn’t have 28 weeks, 28 days
joe: That’s right. No,that’s exactly right.
Jonathan: genres,
joe: Yes. The crazieswas it. Yeah. Yeah. But
Jonathan: but Iactually wrote dead of Night because I wanted to as a, like a thank you note toGeorge Romero, how he and I became friends.
Actually, he read the book and loved it. We became friends. Wedid an anthology together. But I couldn’t stand that. The science made no sensein the book, in the movie. It me, 10 years old, it bugged me.
geo: right? Yeah.
Jonathan: The thing,the thing, his skin the [00:55:00] Hulk, hismass Reed Richards, every bodily function when he’s stretching.
joe: right. We have,we’re gonna have a MD on to Maria do at Northwestern University is gonna be onthat episode. So yeah, we’re gonna have, we’re gonna get into a little bit morescience. So the first. Was it Sue, we had a comic critic in review to open up theseries and now we’ve, we have you, Jonathan, on skin and yeah.
Then we have a couple scientists and a MD coming in to, toround out the fences of force. Yeah. So we’ll
Jonathan: befollowing these episodes. This is speaking to my nerdvana
geo: Yeah.
joe: yeah. No
geo: Science forweirdos.
joe: Science forweirdos is what someone told me. We, someone, we were out and someone said, oh,
geo: you do that
joe: And they go, yeah.It’s like we, I’ve been listening to it, it’s like science for weirdos andthat’s my thing, and
nick: I’m like,
joe: oh, I kinda likethat.
geo: It’s
nick: I
Jonathan: I, I thinkthat is dead on. Yeah. That’s, yeah.
geo: yeah. It’s beenjust
joe: a greatconversation
nick: thank you somuch for joining us.
geo: Go ahead and [00:56:00] plugs
joe: anything? You havesome new stuff coming out. I know for sure. So it’s,
Jonathan: yeah, I gotI, I’m, I got a lot of stuff going. I always have a lot of stuff coming out. Iwrote
geo: I saw your lastpost that you were outta
Jonathan: novel everythree minutes. Yeah.
joe: it said
geo: your brain wasoutta words.
nick: Yeah.
Jonathan: was, butI’ve already started the next novel.
nick: Novel,
joe: Congratulations.That’s awesome. Your inspiration to us young novelists
Jonathan: am I have agraphic novel coming out in June Joe Ledger and Violin Hearts and Minds, whichis a comic original story. Ba is set in my Joe Ledger world. Crystal lake isputting that out. And last year I had a really fun one was Godzilla versusKullu Comic.
geo: Oh, wow.
joe: Yep.
Jonathan: Comic orcome on games. But next up for me is the next Necro tech book deep Space Book,crafting Horror.
And we are in discussions with an anime company in Japan
joe: Cool.
Jonathan: based onthat series. Giant Me, mech Robots that Are Shape-Shifting piloted by the Ghostof Dead Pilots.
nick: Oh, damn.
joe: Yeah.
geo: Wow.
Jonathan: [00:57:00] the book that I just finished the otherday was the third in that series.
joe: That’s cool.
Jonathan: I love thefact I’m leaning more and more into science fiction these days.
I’ve got two different science fiction series running now. I.And it’s fun because, and this is one little thing I wanna just throw in beforeI skedaddle, is that one of the reasons I love working with scientists, talkingto experts in various fields for my books, there’s an old calm man saying, usenine truths to sell one lie that really applies great to any kind of fiction.
Because if you can build your fiction on a structure ofplausibility, it makes it so much easier for suspension of disbelief and alsothe trust when they know you’re stepping off that the top of that scaffold intofiction, they know that you’ve done your homework. So the fiction is gonna be areasonable extension of the non of the nonfiction, and they’ll go with you forthat.
But if you’re just making shit up so that you can tell ascience fiction story, there’s no structural basis to it, you’re only going toget the people who don’t know science. And that’s an increasingly small [00:58:00] number, I hope, because there’s a lot ofanti-science going on right now.
geo: right.
Jonathan: But
nick: Fingers
Jonathan: yourfingers crossed there are still people who want it to believe in it. They wantto believe that we can have superheroes. They want to believe that people cando this, that people will become stronger, that maybe somehow we’ll be able tosurvive a polluted planet and get wise enough to fix the planet.
So I love doing that. I love working with scientists. It’s fun.It’s so much fun for me to be on a podcast with people who understand scienceuntil I, that, that
joe: Thank
nick: you
geo: coming on andus. Yeah,
nick: What,
joe: Nick and Jordan
Jonathan: Nerds getit by extension. I’m not a scientist either, but all my science addictedfriends, we all love the fact that’s, that there’s real scientists out there
geo: right?
Jonathan: manyscientists are actually in the nerd
joe: Yeah.
nick: Oh, a hundred
joe: And I
geo: want,
joe: Jonathan, youdidn’t mention it, but we have some, I’m sure there’s some writer friends thatlisten, but you do a great masterclass series and so on different topics in thewriting, both [00:59:00] writing the art ofwriting, but also the business side of writing.
And, I’ve attended several
geo: of them
Jonathan: and they’refundraisers.
nick: And
joe: They’re alsofundraisers, right? The money goes to the no kill shelter or the
Jonathan: kill animalshelters, women’s shelters, homeless shelters. And these are programs thatprovide meals for children in, areas where they’re not getting it, family don’tenough income and 50 cents can buy a whole meal. I do a hundred percent of themoney from my workshops goes there.
It does a lot of good. And also, I hope people can use materialto get into the writing business because it’s more fun when there are more kidsin the playground.
nick: Definitely.
joe: No, so check itout, you writers out there,
nick: One lastquestion for you, if you don’t mind. Who is your favorite? Unbreakable skincharacter.
geo: Oh.
joe: oh,
geo: Oh, the
Jonathan: Oh, theHulk. I’m sorry.
geo: Yeah.
Jonathan: Sorry. Thething has always been my favorite unbreakable character because of the factthat he’s the hu the Hulk I liked, but the Hulk was Jekyll and Hyde with,dipped and green. The, it’s that, but the thing [01:00:00]he was always leaning into his humanism, An empathetic character and empath,when you have a character who looks like basically a big rock monster, butempathy is his trues super strength, man.
I gotta love a character like
nick: I’m so glad wehave you on this episode, because he is your favorite,
Jonathan: yeah. Andvery first comic I ever bought has him on the cover of it,
joe: Yeah.
Jonathan: 4 66.Believe that’s 1967. Good lord.
geo: That’s it.
joe: Awesome. Thanksagain for joining us. It was a lot of fun. And yeah, just a lot of cool nerdingout in pop culture,
nick: very much
Jonathan: and thanksfor inviting me on too. I had a lot of fun. I wish I had a little time rightnow, but I hope you guys will invite me back ’cause I’ll
joe: I will do. Yeah,no, definitely. No you already brought up several topics that we will have tohave you on now for, and, you know
nick: wait, are yougonna be the fourth rabbit in the hole?
joe: right.
Jonathan: And also I,with one of my upcoming classes, we haven’t set the date yet, but my, mymolecular biologist friend is going [01:01:00]to co-teach a class with me on working with
joe: Cool. That’d beawesome.
geo: That’s
Jonathan: be a lot offun too, ’cause a lot of writers don’t know how to ask the right questions andthey don’t know how to follow it down that rabbit hole into.
A plausible story and having a scientist on there would be fun.And if I’ll give you a free pass of that one, Joe, so you can join theconversation
joe: be fun. Yeah, no,
geo: and also theother way too, scientists don’t always know how to translate. That’s right.Their science communication is big,
joe: right?
That’s right. Yeah. And
geo: so they can use
A writer or they can use someone that the, the scientist just
joe: did a piece andthey, I was interviewed for, it was oh, it was like speculative fiction in, Howspeculative fiction and bench science kind of merge. And so they
Jonathan: that arecent
joe: of us.
It was, it came out last month. I can send you a link to it.Yeah, it was a fun, it was a few of us in it.
Jonathan: get thatand read it. I need to renew my subscription to the Scientist
joe: yeah. Yeah, no, itwas a fun article and had a couple quotes in there. So I was happy that [01:02:00] something came outta my interview.
Jonathan: I might betapping some information too. Getting a walk on in something.
geo: anytime, man,anytime I’ve helped
joe: other people ortried to help. ’cause sometimes people, you’re right they call and then they’relike, I wanna do this thing with this equipment. And I’m like, you can’t dothat thing with that equipment. Or there’s practical reasons why you won’t getthe image you think you’ll get, it’ll charge, it’ll look bad.
geo: And they go
joe: I need this is ifI can’t do it with that piece of equipment then my story fails. And I’m like
geo: you need,
Jonathan: story
nick: I’m like, weneed
geo: to, let’s have alonger conversation
joe: and figure thisout. And and some I, we did, it was like, you need this piece of equipment. Butthey’re like, but that’s not in that room.
And I’m like you need to have this scene happen in this roomnow because, so yeah.
Jonathan: Yeah. I’veactually had to repl whole novels because I talked to a scientist and found outthat my assumption, like writers, we have a lot of information in our head.Doesn’t mean we’re experts on it, but it’s enough to get us into trouble orhopefully to ask the right questions.
And I had this really great idea for something and I asked to acouple people who were into [01:03:00] nuclearscience, power plants and so on. My idea made no sense. It was laughably naive.I was like, oh shit. Glad I didn’t write the book. ’cause my editor didn’t knowit was a bad idea
Working with scientists, big important thing.
geo: Yeah, no.
joe: And experts andthings like that. No, it’s awesome.
geo: I’m
Jonathan: I’m theexpert that a lot of my friends tap for
geo: Martial arts.
nick: know. Yeah. I
joe: I was that’sawesome. I have a a friend, I don’t know if he joined the last one, I told himhe should get on, but I know he has a lot of action and fighting scenes and hedid wrestling and jiujitsu, so I was like, oh, you should jump on, becauseJonathan, he’s, that’s his background, especially writing those scenes andgetting it across.
Jonathan: Years now.
joe: yeah. Yeah.
geo: Cool. I
joe: know you need torun and so
Jonathan: stuff, sothanks. This guy, guys. I can hang with you
geo: I
nick: know. Yeah. I’mlike, Hey,
joe: That’s why I’mlike, Hey,
Jonathan: I will behappy to come back and and nerd out with you guys again.
nick: Absolutely.Anytime. Thank you.
geo: Thank you. Havea good night. Cheers.
nick: Thank you.
Jonathan: bye.
geo: Bye.
joe: you have me, Joe.
geo: We got Nick. Wegot
joe: Nick, we’ve got
geo: Georgia.
Georgia,
joe: and we’ve
nick: gone down some[01:04:00]
geo: holes,
joe: some tough skin
nick: tough skin.
joe: I dunno.
nick: Bye-bye.
joe: Hey, you stay safeout there. Stay strong.

Transcript: Fantastic 4 series: Episode 37: Sue Storm Richards: Invisibility

Click link to listen or search Rabbit Hole of Research where you find your other podcasts:
EP37: Sue Storm and Invisibility* What does it take—biologically—for a human to vanish? Guest: Writer and cultural critic Nick Ulanowski.

Transcript:

joe: [00:00:00] Hey, welcome back to the Rabbit Hole ofResearch down here in the basement studio. As
nick: who’s talking?I can’t tell. I hear a voice, but I don’t see anyone Stop it.
joe: Stop it. Lemme getmy intro
geo: I can’t seeanything
joe: guys now doingthis thing here
nick: where we
joe: you just starttalking over me. Come on. Yeah, we are going to go over the Fantastic Four andso there’s four members and so we’re gonna do four episodes and today we’regonna be talking about the Invisible Woman.
Sue Storm,
geo: And ininvisibility in general,
joe: invisibility inother characters who kind of factor in there. So yeah. We do have a guestjoining us on the Zooms. So you wanna introduce yourself?
nick_u: I’m NickRomanowski. I’m the author of MasterCard at The Comic Shop. It’s a horror novelabout a comic shop owner, his friends are, and his friends and regularcustomers, and a mask toxic fan, killing them off at the chainsaw. I’ve alsowritten comic book reviews for CBR, formerly known as [00:01:00]comic book resources.
However, I’m now writing comic book reviews and reporting oncomic book news on Substack at starving author.substack.com.
joe: Yep. And we’llthrow that in the show notes so you guys can find that and go check out Nickand stuff. He writes about, he does great reviews, so I’ve been reading themand. My college comic knowledge has improved greatly. So it
geo: a long ways togo, but
joe: I’m not saying I’mat the the pinnacle yet, but,
nick: Thanks forjoining us, Nick.
joe: Yeah. Yep. Yep. Soyou wanna jump in? Do this
nick: Yeah. You got alist for us, Joe?
joe: I’m gonna do I’mgonna do it a description. I’ve been doing descriptions, like descriptionheavy, so I’m gonna go
geo: can
joe: a littledescription
geo: no lists.
joe: have lists. Ialways have lists.
You’re just not gonna get
geo: I’m not sure whyyou’re
joe: I’m not sure whyyou’re, we’re gonna get into
geo: between list
joe: I kind of wannatalk about, introduce the Fantastic four. Oh, okay. Maybe some people don’tknow who the Fantastic Four are.
nick: Yes. Who arethe Fantastic
geo: to say I wasn’tthat interested until I saw Pedro [00:02:00]Pascal gonna be in the movie. Now I’m really interested.
nick: George waslike, I have a crush on Pedro.
joe: Yeah. There you
nick: go.
geo: So
nick: anyway yeah,the
joe: Fantastic Four,they’re a fictional superhero team. They were created by Stanley and JackKirby. They first appeared in Fantastic Four, number one in 1961. For MarvelComics and they were Marvel’s first superhero team of the modern era and kindof established a more human, flawed and family driven style that defined Marvelstorytelling.
nick: AKA, the firstfamily,
joe: AKA,
nick: the firstfamily.
joe: And there’s fourmembers, so I’ll go over their powers. Like I said, we’re gonna have an episodeon each Reed Richards, Mr. Fantastic. He can stretch his body, compress,reshape. He’s a brilliant scientist, dabbles in engineering and, exploring theboundaries of science In the multiverse we have Johnny Storm, human Torch.
He his pyro Canis so he can send his body ablaze fly Projectfire [00:03:00] And his background, he’s Sue’syounger brother, cocky, impulsive. Often comic relief.
nick: And
joe: we have Ben Grime.He’s the thing. And he has supernatural strength and near and vulnerableorange, rocky skin. He is Reed’s best friend, a former astronaut test pilot,has to deal with the pain of his transformation.
He’s the only one that became disfigured in all this. And thenthe woman of the hour is Susan Storm, the Invisible woman. Her power isinvisibility and she can force field generation background. She was initiallyportrayed as a team’s heart and emotional center, but later developed into atactical powerhouse.
She’s a second in command and her powers are among the mostversatile and potentially the most powerful in the Marvel universe. So that’sthe four. And just their origin story. ’cause every good comic story has anorigin story because they took an unauthorized space mission. To study cosmicrays.
Yeah, I’m [00:04:00] always,
geo: And
joe: the minute you sayunauthorized, something bad’s gonna happen. All four who are exposed to intenseradiation, but instead of dying their body’s mutated, giving each member thepowers that we just discussed when they’re based on their personalities. So readintelligent, flexible, mentally flexible sue, social invisible literal kind ofinvisibility.
Johnny Hotheaded, he became he,
geo: what was that?
joe: I don’t know.
nick: think that camefrom Joe, probably he became
joe: his fire powersand then tough exterior. Literally the thing with the rocky exterior. So Ithink I’ll stop there and dive in. We can talk we have the comic itself and therole that Sue plays, but then we have the biology of how one.
Might get or become invisible.
nick: So it ispossible.
geo: Yeah. What’s theplausibility of
joe: It’s a significantamount of handwaving.
geo: How many bigMacs would you have to eat to become invisible?
joe: It’s swing back tohow[00:05:00]
geo: although youprobably, it goes the other way, right?
joe: You would, no youneed to to become invisible.
And there are animals that, that have some transparency or nearinvisibly mostly marine organisms, like jellyfish x-ray fish,
nick: They don’t turntransparent. They are transparent. They are
joe: exactly right. Soyou have to
geo: Like I was gonnasay, like in a certain situation, they become more transparent.
joe: They, no, they’realways transparent, but you have to,
nick: to get there,you’re gotta say, we have something.
geo: there are somebiology
joe: Yeah, that’sright. Okay. And in cephalopods, cuddle fish, octopuses, squids, they cancamouflage, they have mechanisms to actually blend in.
And so they have, on the fly almost so not invisible onceagain, have to manipulate their.
nick: whole body.
Body
joe: to right tochange, so
nick_u: do you mindif I add a little something to your synopsis
joe: Yeah. That’s I,yes, please.
nick_u: Absolutely. Ithink that it should also be noted that, there’s a superhero. The super genreis very versatile a lot of ways, and [00:06:00]the Fantastic Four often used to tell more science fiction centered stories,necessarily hero teams.
I think that’s important to,
joe: Yeah
nick: I do feel likethey also have a little bit more human aspects to them. There’s more dramabetween the four members. Of themselves,
joe: Yeah.
nick_u: AlthoughMarvel’s whole thing in the sixties was that they were, oh, DC at the time, allthe superheroes were Godlike and Marvel came in we’re gonna give real, we’regonna establish real people with real problems, with flaw, with character flawsthat DC didn’t have at the time. And now that’s a lot more common in superherostories, but at the time it was a lot less prevalent.
And I would say the X-Men have probably actually have even more
nick: oh, a hundredpercent. Yeah.
nick_u: But yeah.
geo: and the factthey’re a family too. That’s,
nick: Yeah.
joe: Yeah, no, I thinkthat’s the storytelling elements in there and that’s a good point you madeabout being more sci-fi than just a typical action comic was that one of thefirst [00:07:00] kind of
nick: Sci-fi
joe: Of
nick_u: There was alot of weird stuff in the golden Age, but certainly, since in the sixties itwas definitely known for being more sci-fi.
joe: Yeah, definitely.And, getting their powers. That was
nick: Definitely. And
geo: have a question
It’s the mom and dad,
nick: right?
joe: No, it’s justhusband, wife, a younger brother of Sue, and then best friend of
geo: So no kids. No
joe: No kids.
nick: No, not yet.Okay. They come later down the line. Okay. Oh,
geo: you’re spoilingit.
nick: I am sorry thatyou are not caught up on your comic books.
geo: actually,anything you say today will spoil
joe: it. Did
nick: the
joe: the
and half powers,
nick: I believe bothof them do correct. Nick?
nick_u: Yeah, Ibelieve so. Yeah.
nick: They have twokids. Because
geo: when you werefirst talking about it I automatically was picturing the Incredibles.
joe: The Incredibles.Yeah. No, I think that’s a
geo: And I was likebut then I was thinking, oh, that’s interesting, because their kids were reallyyoung but the, [00:08:00] these weren’t kids.
These were like the
nick: Okay.
joe: Going on anunauthorized space journey.
geo: Got it.
nick: But you’re
joe: right, theIncredibles, like when you watch it, the styling of the Incredibles.
Probably mid, mid modern and 60 esque, and I think it was adefinite kind of, nod to the Fantastic four in their setup.
nick_u: It definitelywas. There’s people who say that there can’t be a fan, a good, fantastic horrormovie, and that’s absolutely not true. Look at The Incredibles,
joe: yeah.
nick: A hundredpercent.
joe: That’s right.Which is, yeah, hopefully in the new movie I do
nick: have high hopesfor it, but I really hence why we’re doing this series. Yeah. I have high hopesfor this. And I think
geo: you always haveto kinda keep your expectations like moderate
joe: Some of that,
nick: that,
geo: sometimes youlike hype yourself, Yeah.
Out
nick: of
geo: enjoyingsomething. Oh, yeah. Do you know what I mean? I
joe: mean?
I think it also with the MCU, and this goes to the movie that’scoming out and their story, their general, when they stick to their characterbuilding and they [00:09:00] have a compellingvillain. They have compelling protagonists, heroes, and they complete thosestories. I think those are the best MCU movies. I think it gets complicatedwhen they try to weave in other storylines and then they dilute
geo: Oh, we’replanning on making that movie in five years and we wanna make a tie in, solet’s just throw this random character.
And it’s
nick: but with itbeing Marvel’s first family, I feel like they are going to be sticking more tothe story building of the characters.
joe: Yeah. Andintroducing Doom. I know, right? So that’s, that was one of their majorvillains besides, and the Silver Surfer Galacto, like you, you see these otherstorylines are gonna come in, but you just can’t throw it all in one movie and,
nick_u: Yeah. AndDOMA is a very compelling character ’cause he believes he’s right, all thebest, all believe that they’re a good guy in some way,
geo: and then I thinkit’s interesting, like you said, that it’s a brother and a
nick: sister,
joe: so Yes.
geo: Wanda, [00:10:00] right?
joe: And her brother,
nick: Paid
geo: maybe that Ijust, is there very many brother and sister
nick: Superhero,teens?
joe: Yes. I think thereare a few.
nick: Yeah,
joe: You’re right thatthey, yeah,
geo: I don’t know.
I just,
joe: Yeah.
nick_u: Yeah, that, Ican’t think of too many other than
nick: Yeah.
joe: It’s yeah, thereare, but
nick: We’ll throw itin the footnotes. Yeah.
joe: We’ll get in theshow notes there. We’ll look at that. We’ll
geo: I think thatautomatically becomes an interesting dynamic
joe: Yeah. You, I wouldimagine that in the X-Men kind of storyline, there would be more siblinginteractions.
’cause if one sibling got. Mutant power is you wouldpotentially, there’s high potential that the other sibling would also have somelevel of power,
nick: Scott Summershas a brother that also has, yeah. Superpower or is also a mutant
joe: Reen and sabertooth. They’re brothers technically, yeah. Yeah.
geo: So you saidthat, and I’m sorry, are already forgot her name.
Is it[00:11:00]
nick: Sue.
joe: Sue. Sue Susan.
geo: You said she wassecond in command? Second in command.
joe: Second in command
nick: who’s Reed?
joe: Reed?
geo: and
joe: the husband.
geo: Okay. Is herhusband.
nick: husband.
joe: Mr. Fantastic.We’ll talk all about him in his own episode.
geo: Yeah. Yeah. Idon’t, eh, we can wait on him, but okay.
joe: Yeah, you get intothat also with Sue being, she’s the woman of the team and she has invisibilityand Nick touched on like the, some of the sixties themes, but one just womenempowerment and that was part of her story arc, and she started out. Limited inher powers
nick_u: that soundsright. Yeah
joe: yeah. They regaher
geo: do you thinkthat she was limited in her powers or she just held back because she was awoman
joe: Prior the story inthe comics, she was, she had limited powers. Oh, yeah. Yeah.
geo: then she wasable through something that
nick: happened,
joe: all comic books.
They, yeah. New authors, new writers.
geo: they go to, didthey go on another unauthorized trip?
joe: No, I don’t thinkthey did. I think it was just, that, that they had a storyline gets clipped andthey [00:12:00] had, but they enhanced theirpowers with that, the force field. So instead of just being invisible, she thencould cast these, she did some of that, but she could do it much more extreme.
Like she could build the force field inside of someone andexplode ’em essentially. You could just, wow. Only think about, and then shecould control the entire visible white spectrum. So not just her own body, butshe could start to manipulate, make weapons, make, it was yeah.
So she had this, her voice got stronger too in thestorytelling. But also that’s that idea that women are invisible and then, theygo to this kind of position of power
geo: and some,
joe: yeah. Yeah. Yeah.And I think
geo: in some ways,women’s power can be their invisibility.
Because you just ignore, like you just disregard.
And then that’s when the person has
Sneaks up on you with their great power.
nick: is that whywomen make great spies? Exactly.
geo: I think that’sexactly right.
nick: real andfictional. Yeah,
geo: because you
nick: black widow, [00:13:00] that whole operation is females that are,yeah. I think that’s assassin essence.
joe: That’s right.
Right.
nick_u: I think onthis note it we should acknowledge Ms. Marvel, which later became captain, backin the seventies I believe, that was actually pretty controversial that hername was Ms. Marvel. ’cause it was viewed as being very feminist. And I get alot of angry letters about that.
nick: Yeah.
joe: Yeah. Yeah, andeven in the comic world, there’s some, a lot of progressive storytelling.
We highlight the X-Men, they’re probably the most allegory ofcivil rights, but I think they, Stan and Jack, they really weaved in these kindof social issues through their storytelling. So and
geo: I have animportant question. So when she would turn invisible her suit, her super suitwould also turn
joe: What’s that?
nick: That’s
geo: do they everexplain that? Except they did in the
nick: read, readcreated a, what was it? Unstable fabric?
joe: Yeah. I forgetwhat yeah.
nick: Could adapt totheir powers, which is why.
Her clothes go invisible with her, but later on she is able to [00:14:00] change all of her clothes. Invisible aswell as other people.
joe: That’s right.That’s
geo: can change otherpeople to
joe: could make otherfolks
Yeah.
nick: Okay. If she’son a mission with Reed or they’re out somewhere,
joe: What
nick: I was readingsomething recently and she had both her and Reid go invisible.
geo: that’s handy.
joe: So then I thinkher power essentially is that she can bend light around her body. So inmatching the index or refractive index. Of what her surroundings. So that’s theway to power. And then she can extend that
nick: to someone
joe: to cover otherpeople. And Ben so you’re projecting some sort of, you’re projecting a field.
geo: So is there anyplausibility for to have clothing that would go invisible?
joe: go invisible
geo: You know what Imean? Because there’s like probably no, like a person probably can’t goinvisible. But can clothing go
joe: You can. I meanyou, so there are technologies now where using materials that you can bend thelight and essentially reflect what’s [00:15:00]behind and to front.
So that, as you look at it a couple ways, it could be thematerial, but also gonna be cameras. If you have cameras set up, you then cancreate a projection that would fool you and have you look at that. So thosetechnologies do exist, but they’re materials or equipment, they’re not,
geo: they seemcumbersome.
joe: Yeah.
Lot of, there are folks who characters who go invisible thathave. Potentially tiger from the Thundercats he has the belt and that’s whatgives him his invisibility. And generates the field, if you think of it thatway. Not an innate biological phenomenon.
nick_u: Do you knowoffhand when Susan Storm got more powers? Was that in Jonathan Hickman’s run?Because I know that’s when, that’s the, those are some of the very belovedmodern fantastic four
joe: yeah. I don’t knowthe exact
geo: Who was
joe: was writing thatstoryline, but Yeah.
nick: I’m so bad withknowing who’s write, who I’m reading from, like currently I’m trying to gothrough what was like the last few like story runs I’ve been reading and it’s [00:16:00] oh man, there’s so many of them that I’vegone through and I’m like, oh wait, which one are we on now?
But go ahead.
geo: Oh, I haveanother question related to the physical things being
nick: invisible.
geo: how plausiblethat is. And I think that’s a very important question, but is it possible tohave an invisible jet?
joe: They are workingon materials that would be able to do that, right? If you just, you reflectrain.
The whole idea is to bend light around optically fool the eye,right? That’s, yes, they’re working on that type of thing. I know there’stanks, ships, all sorts of, and if it’s a material thing, they can do it. It’sreally the person that you would go and that’s, so it’s a little bit ofbiology, so her powers are even more kind of awe-inspiring because not only isshe invisible to the eye where you bend light, okay, maybe we can figure out a [00:17:00] machine or something to do that.
But she’s also visible from infrared. She’s invisible her smelllike so no one smells her. So you have all these things that also no heat
geo: and sound. Isthe sound totally gone?
joe: think she stillcan talk. You can hear, she’s, her thermal signature is gone. Wow. So you’remanipulating all of this the MAs stat.
So that, that’s where this idea of the field, the force fieldmakes sense. So if you generate some sort of forward field that you emanate outof your skin or your body, then you can start to explain these other thingsthat happen. Along there that she cannot be detected. So
geo: Back to theInvisible Jet. No I always
joe: I didn’t wanted toget to this,
geo: no, that’s my
nick: only
joe: you’re here isWonder Woman that’s gonna say Wonder Woman,
nick: I know.
geo: And those werelike my favorite episodes, but they were so silly because she’s flying along inthe air and you could totally see her, but you know what I mean? Her jet wasinvisible, but she still, you could see her flying in there. So that was just
joe: I [00:18:00] think she would turn invisible also in areal world. Like
nick: yeah, itwouldn’t make sense just to have because then you could see the rest of thestuff inside
joe: Hey, look, there’sa lady. It looks like Wonder Woman
geo: that’s justsitting there flying through the air
nick_u: feel likemodern writers have moved away from the invisible jet thing ’cause
joe: Yeah. Yeah.
geo: Oh
joe: So you do havelike vehicles in, in movies. There’s tons of those. The Visible Jet, the shieldhe carrier the Rolin, Warbird and Star Trek. The Predator goes invisible.
geo: and thepredator. You saw the heat signature though, right?
nick: I don’t
joe: know. He would seeother people’s heat signatures.
Oh, that’s right. Yeah. He had the, but I don’t know. I guessno one ever looked, but he,
geo: that would’vebeen a smart thing
joe: He bleeds and youcan kill him. Yeah, the the Quinjet.
geo: Was gonna say,in like some of the modern Marvel movies, right? That’s right. Hasn’t thathappened?
joe: Yep.
Yep. The Blackbird and the
nick: the X-Men
joe: the Tardis. Wejust had the doctor [00:19:00] episode earlierthis season. But yeah, the TARDIS does become invisible to people. The Observercan’t look at it because that’s the other I
nick: I thought itturns into something that blends in. Yeah,
joe: I thought it could
geo: more likecamouflage.
nick: like camouflagealso.
I thought it was more camouflage than Goes Invisible. I couldbe wrong. I don’t remember. That episode was a while back.
joe: we gotta bring theexpert back in Dr. Who fan. Chime in there. Let us know.
nick: So I, why doesinvisibility go hand in hand with a force field like. I feel like those
joe: Yeah. Yep.
nick: yeah. Arepretty hand in hand with damier every care hero that has that power.
joe: I think it’seasier to explain, right? So we had to make a human or anything invisible. Wehave a lot of problems. You might go, okay, skin is transparent. But if youlook at like the aquatic examples, I point out earlier, you still see theirbones, their organs your blood is pigmented.
So the hemoglobin, so you [00:20:00]gotta de pigment that. Your bone structures certain organs, your eyes, you havepigments that produce colors throughout your body. So to go invisible, youwould have to find some means to get rid of all of that, and so that’s
geo: But you’resaying, but you’re saying with a force field, it’s possible,
nick: or is that justthe bubble that keeps it encased?
joe: yes, That’s thebubble that you’re hiding in. It’s like a cloak then.
geo: Okay. And I wasgonna say, I really dislike someone and I don’t want to talk about their booksand I don’t even wanna bring it up. But I also enjoyed,
nick: got beef andthis is Georgia’s beef corner.
Can
geo: talk about theinvisibility cloak without talking about
joe: Oh yeah.
geo: who had that?
nick: So
joe: the, that’s, thatconcept has been used throughout mythology. So you can talk about the cloak ofArthur. That’s King Arthur mantle of invisibility and mythology, welsh’smythology kind of thing.
Or the rings of the Gorges. So there’s all sorts of referencesto a [00:21:00] physical object that allows youto become invisible. And the cloak is, one of these things that this particularauthor used I think a lot these elements were scattered through folklore and,mythology.
So Sure. You could
geo: we can just skip
joe: Yeah, you’re gonnaskip. Yeah. I see.
nick: and
geo: talk about Yeah.
nick: So
joe: So you can go backto the
nick: I don’t knowwhich one you’re talking about. Georgia. Yes.
geo: you do.
joe: you’re you are,where you’re just bending light, right? You’re reflecting light and you’rematching then the index of the surroundings, right?
So when light passes through things or interacts with somethingit reflects, it bends, refracts, and so can you use that and can you just bendthe light? So essentially, light rays are hitting everything. So can you justbend a light around you from what’s behind you? So that way then when you look,it’s oh, I don’t see you, I see what’s behind you.
So if you have a cloak like that made outta some mythicalmaterial or has some sort of magical powers. Or an energy source, and it’s got,so right. So then you can just do that. You can have it and hide [00:22:00] behind it. So yeah, the cloth, actually,the cloak may be the most plausible of all the invisibility,
geo: and why is thatmore plausible than like a
nick: vehicle? Is itbecause it covers the whole you?
geo: any, anythingthat’s like a physical thing that’s not a human
joe: non biology. Yes,that’s right. Yes. Okay. So there’s the bi the biology to get to someone that’sinvisible. You could start, you go, okay, that’s difficult.
But there could be other things, like it could be some sort ofquantum kind of shift. So I. The observer effect, we talked the observer effectwhere once you look at something, it locks it into some state. The weepingangels in the Dr. Who,
nick: so have yougone back to Dr. Who recently? I’m going back. You feel like you’ve beenbringing it
geo: like he needs toI
nick: He’s trying toredeem himself. Yeah.
geo: he’s got a lotof ground to
joe: I got a lot ofbeef for only watching a couple episodes,
nick: so
joe: Don’t stop givingme a hard time. I was like the Lord of the Rings. I get there. I get
nick: Which I’mshocked that you haven’t brought up that the ring turns ferdo invisible.
joe: You to talk aboutthat.
nick: Oh, you did.You just did.
joe: this is a perfect,[00:23:00]
nick: So
joe: you, this is agreat segue. Thank you, Nick. That’s why, because I was gonna say that if youare tapping into the multiverse that you are, you may not be invisible, but youmay have gone to another.
Dimensional space and therefore,
geo: and that’s whathappened in Lord of the Rings, he went to another
joe: Yeah.
nick: it was,
joe: yeah. Some fi it
nick: was, oh,
geo: Ooh, anotherdimension like Twilight Zone.
joe: is there aninvisibility episode?
geo: Oh my gosh, Idon’t know. I gotta do some research.
nick: Can’t believeyou Georgia,
joe: But you could havethat type
geo: I bet you thereis, don’t
joe: that type ofthing. And I always think of when I think of that as an infants and their, theconcept of permanence.
nick: Oh, so likeplaying peekaboo.
joe: They playing
geo: They love peek
nick: invisible tothem.
joe: You do. Yeah. Soit
nick: is,
geo: just disappear.
joe: So you could do,That was the thing with the
geo: I can’t waittill we have video for
joe: Oh my gosh.
geo: that
joe: but the shadow inthe thirties. He was a noir detective, pro nore, ’cause thirties that what [00:24:00] happened and he was manipulate minds.
He had a cloud of kind of illusion and people would not see himand
nick_u: that sounds,yeah. And yeah, he predates a lot of pretty much any superhero,
joe: Yeah. Yeah. That’sright. Yeah.
geo: Yeah. I wasactually thinking about that. Maybe it was, it wouldn’t even be that someonewouldn’t see it, but that someone’s controlling that person’s mind where theydon’t see
joe: That’s right.Yeah. Yeah. So you could do that. You could become, so there’s a number of waysto get there without. Trying to,
geo: though that ispretty, not very plausible
These are not the droids you’re looking for.
joe: That’s right.Yeah.
nick: I,
geo: droids areinvisible.
joe: I’ll say that theFantastics four science nose dives into hand avium early on with theirinteractions with the cosmic these cosmic particles these high energy. Sourcesof energy bombarding their bodies. Generally, 99.99% of the time you’re gonnadie a horrific, normally cancerous tumorous death.
geo: Normally that is[00:25:00] not,
nick: but there’s achance, is what you’re telling me. I’m
joe: yes. Yeah,
nick: There still isa chance, but
joe: we have a soup, wehave a meal and a suit. That’s a and a spaceship. Let’s go.
geo: It’s likethinking, oh, it’s a good idea to go in a little tiny submarine and under thewater. That sounds like a good idea.
joe: Yes. No, I thinkit’s a,
nick: a
nick_u: and that,that’s a lot of oh, superhero, super villain origin stories though. But likerealistically, they would just die. Electro for instance, got electrocuted andit became a,
nick: Sandman. It’salways some kind of experiment gone wrong.
joe: Yeah.
nick_u: right.
nick: But
joe: did, since we leftthat small door open, I think one you could go, maybe as they passed and he isgot bombarded by these cosmic rays
nick: Okay.
joe: that potentiallytheir ship could have had some level of shielding.
geo: And
joe: so our selectiveprotection, so maybe as they were getting [00:26:00]bombarded, that’s why their powers are different. It affected ’em differently.Maybe the radiation activated dormant kind of genes transposons or theseretroviruses that are contained in our bodies and started to do careful geneticand what you have.
Is you essentially they probably speciate in real time.
nick: So
joe: they
nick: became, is itpossible that they were mutants that got accelerated along the lines of aninhuman? And
geo: and thosemutations are what got activated.
nick: That’s
joe: exactly right.That’s where I was headed. The speciation.
Because now they’re just they’re the proto X-Men.
geo: It’s like thatexact perfect.
Moment in the exact Perfect.
joe: So that’s why
nick: circumstancesmade this
joe: And that’s why Iwas asking
geo: And that’s why Iwas asking, it’s kinda like Dr. Strange would say that is a one in a like 5trillion chance that
joe: I don’t think hesaid 5 trillion, but
geo: know. I’m justmaking that
nick: up.
joe: I was gonna say,that’s why I asked about the Children’s, because mutants, if you look at theX-Men story, when mutants have kids, [00:27:00]they generally have powers. The Incredibles, they have their kids off, sobecause those are genetic inheritable traits. But if they were not, they werepoint mutations, they didn’t infect the kind of your genome of your
nick: sperm.
joe: and egg, that’s,when you have kids, they would just be normal human kids.
nick: So wouldn’t youneed to have another super to the, alright, so
joe: I dunno wherewe’re going.
nick: This is, if theIncredible Hulk
joe: Yes.
nick: was with anyoneother than a superhero, wouldn’t it still hold a massive amount of radiation?
joe: So Go ahead Nick.You
nick_u: No I actuallyjust didn’t understand the question.
joe: Oh yeah.
nick: so
joe: this isreproductive biology 1 0 1 here.
nick: We all knowthat. The incredible hu is it’s extremely radiated. He has all kinds of riddledradiation,
geo: it probablywouldn’t even be safe to get [00:28:00] busywith.
nick: Exactly. Unlessit he’s with another super. That can withstand that.
joe: But he doesn’temanate radiation, does he? He, in a, especially MCU, comics, he’s around
geo: I think he he,
joe: I think he wasjust mutated.
P got the large blast of gamma
geo: What about thefact that he stayed the incredible
nick: ho now
geo: Now that hasnothing to do with it. Nevermind
nick: Yeah.
nick_u: yeah. Thewhole thing with units is that they’re born
nick: But if itaffects, but
joe: if you I think thepoint is of that. If you become, and I think that was a line in some of theX-Men storylines, like who is considered a mutant and who isn’t? Do you havepowers that you were innately born with? Or did you inherit the powers becauseyou licked the rock and you
geo: you, are youjust really wealthy and you can build it in a cave
nick: Scraps?
nick_u: Okay.
joe: where’s the thatidea of speciation that, that was magneto’s push, was that the mutants were thenext evolutionary step of humans. Like they, [00:29:00]they became speciated to something else, but from a total species, they stillcould reproduce with regular heat.
So
nick_u: yeah. Hohomo,
joe: Yeah. Yeah.
Yeah.
nick_u: Yeah. Yeah.And yeah.
nick: But
joe: yeah.
nick_u: I was justhomo superior instead of homo.
joe: superior, right?Is that what that was it? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.
geo: I think that’sdefinitely his point of view, right?
joe: Yeah. No, and asNick pointed out earlier, that the villains often think they’re a hundredpercent correct and,
nick: But likeMagneto was,
geo: I was gonna say,I was gonna say you have these special powers.
You, you and these special mutations. You are superior, right?You, if you’re stronger, faster, or whatever, that makes you, what are youdefining as
joe: superior?
nick: You know whatI’m saying?
nick_u: Magneto isone of those characters that there’s a lot of different interpretations of him.I think sometimes he’s more right. Sometimes he’s less Right. Depending onwho’s writing
nick: Exactly. Yeah.It’s like sometimes he’s written, even though he’s still [00:30:00] a bad guy, he’s a hero. It makes sense,or,
joe: or,
nick_u: Yeah.
nick: but it dependson who he’s going against and what side he’s standing against.
geo: seems so muchmore realistic.
nick: Oh, a hundredpercent.
joe: Yeah. Very nuancedapproach to that.
geo: Okay. I wantedto bring up something, but I should have done a little research,
joe: Okay.
nick: but
geo: Kevin Macon,
joe: The Invisible man.
geo: No. Wasn’t itHollow Man?
Was it called Hollow
joe: I don’t know. Theydidn’t not get the IP to invisible.
I don’t, and Right. But yes, it was hollow man, but I think itwas just the invisible man and,
nick: and
geo: I’m just like,you know how I’m number one fan? And Kevin, if you are listening, I’m numberone fan. But
nick: she has a lotof number one fans,
joe: your number onefan.
geo: And I guess thisgoes back to the invisible man, I can’t remember what happened that made himinvisible.
nick: Yeah.
joe: There was aformula
nick_u: Yeah, he was,it was an experiment that went wrong.
joe: Yeah. Again, itwas an unauthorized experimentation.[00:31:00]
geo: So he was liketrying to do something else, and then he realized
nick: he was, I
geo: I can’t, I justcan’t remember. All I can remember is
nick_u: Wasn’t hetrying to make
joe: invisible? Yeah.That was his goal was to become invisible. So he, it, I guess it succeeded.
Yeah. But then he went
nick_u: Yeah.
geo: yeah.
joe: and all sorts ofstuff. Yeah. But he changed the reflective, the refractive index of his body.That was the idea. That’s that we were talking about. You’d have to do. But he,it clothes didn’t disappear, so he was just be walking around
nick_u: So how muchof a tangent would it be to talk about ghosts or is that a whole other episode?
joe: We are planning aghost episode, but Yeah. If you wanna touch on it. Yeah. Go forward. Yeah.’cause they were. Yeah.
nick_u: Yeah. I I wasjust I’m just thinking that there’s a lot of ghosts and fiction, including incomics, there’s a comic called Cyrus Perkins in the Haunted Taxi Cab, which isa very indie comic, but it is all about, how this guy can’t be seen. He’sinvisible and how frustrated he feels with that.
I know with ghost, sometimes they have, it’s, they leavetrails. I can’t think of [00:32:00] the termoffhand, but yeah, I just, that’s, something that we see a lot in fiction. Theghosts are invisible,
nick: definitely.
joe: are. Yep. As youdon’t see ’em, they’re
geo: Except sometimesin
nick: likephotographs and stuff.
joe: Yeah, inphotographs.
geo: No,
nick: look at thisphotograph. Georgia.
geo: They have allthose things where yeah,
nick: but so whenyou’re talking about ghosts being
joe: invisible. Yeah.But
nick: they do havethat ability to make themselves known, right?
So would that be a power of them then? ‘ cause they are able toshow themselves, but their regular state is so it’s like a reverse invisibility, right?
nick_u: Yeah. I thinkit depends on another thing that depends on the writer. I think Ghost Ghostsare sometimes that way, and sometimes they’re not. I know the Remember Me booksby Christopher Pike, there were also, there was also about, the character beinga ghost and frustrated with not being seen, and she couldn’t make herself seen.
nick: Yeah. Yeah.
joe: No ghosts. Yeah,you’re right. I don’t know what their base state is.
nick: Because I feellike in any story, ghosts can always see other [00:33:00]ghosts, but humans can’t always see the ghost.
nick_u: Yes. Thatsounds accurate. Yeah.
nick: I feel like itwould be the willingness to wanna be seen in that.
Where for invisibility, it’s the willingness to not wanna beseen. I don’t know.
joe: Or to, it could bethe perception of the observer. So you have that, you also have that to keep inmind is that, are you prepared to see what and believe?
I think there’s that’s the other idea. There’s some belief andthings like that cooked into the ghost lore.
nick: We’ll find outsoon enough, Joe. We’re
joe: We’re gonna findout soon enough,
geo: And this is atotal tangent, but like daredevil. Okay. Daredevil is blind, so he can’t see.But then he does see
nick: everything
geo: and that’sbecause it’s like he can hear echo,
joe: Yeah. I thinkthat’s his ability there. Yep.
nick: So would he beable to pick up Sooth storm?
Like
nick_u: I guess youwould
joe: he would. Hewould, yeah. Yeah.[00:34:00]
nick_u: Done beforein
joe: Yeah.
geo: It was done.
nick_u: I wonder ifthere’s a comic where that has been done
joe: over. Yeah.
geo: Oh yeah. That’sa good question.
joe: she, yeah, it’sinteresting because he relies on the echolocation, but also smell and heatsignatures. He picks up on all of sensory is, and, but Sue actually mass allthat. She becomes
nick: minus thesound,
joe: invisible. I don’tthink she makes sound unless she wants to talk.
nick: See,
geo: the, myquestion. Like
joe: I don’t think,
I don’t think
geo: able to say,okay, no sound. Exactly. Yeah. Or does she just, she can just get really quiet,’
nick: cause her force
joe: fields can fly.She can float ’em. So you wouldn’t have to make any sound. It, you’re, she’spretty powerful, when you think of her as a character and what her powers areand how she could exploit those powers
nick: and within thebubble, she probably can’t be smelled.
geo: That’s what hewas
joe: That’s what sayingThat’s right. Yeah.
nick: Huh.
joe: I get funky inthat bubble.
I always, with force fields, I’m always like, what’s the flowof oxygen? You need [00:35:00] to breathe andso how big is your force field? How much oxygen was in that force field whenyou got contained? Is there some passive, can
nick: you fit throughthis door
joe: molecules likeoxygen flow through? Yeah I’m always, ’cause the force fields are impenetrable.I mean they’re, so maybe it’s a size, maybe it’s a speed of projectile. I don’tknow. But that’s always something that’s not really explained. It’s like we gottaa force field around us.
Let’s go do some work. And it’s and that was in the IncrediblesViolet, she can also make force fields. That was her part of her power set.
nick_u: Nice. Yeah.
joe: And I was gonnasay I had other characters, but in that timeframe, in, in the sixties, it wasinteresting that you have a few the shadow thief from DC Comics in 61.
Was
geo: was
joe: invisibledimensional. He is a dimensional dimen, dimen meter. It was a tech
geo: Can you saythat?
Three
joe: No, I am not
nick: wait, I wasn’tpaying attention. What is that Phantom girl?
joe: 61 also. And shehad phase shift to other dimensions. It was all this kind of [00:36:00] dimensionality shifting. We were talkingabout one way to become invisible.
DC also had a 63 chameleon. Boy, explain. I didn’t evenrealize. I was,
geo: was gonna say,these are all like band names. This is like
joe: the
nick: one I realize
joe: the spot. But hehas inter interdimensional portals usage. So
nick: I wouldn’tconsider the spot invisible.
joe: It dips out,right? So if someone’s there and they leave,
nick: that’s notgoing invisible. That’s dipping out.
joe: Yeah. But if youshow up again, you’ve, if you go to a different dimension. That’s the sameidea. That’s just inter, so if you’re here, it’s like playing
nick: people that’sjust leaving.
joe: weaving.
geo: Just,
nick: that’s just,hold on. I’m gonna walk out this door, but I’m going invisible. Don’t worry.
geo: Yeah. I have toagree with Nick on that one because if you’re not there, then what? What? Yeah,
nick: can
joe: come back. You caninstantly,
nick: I can walk outand come back in.
joe: Yeah. But I cansee you.
nick: You didn’t oncethe door shut.
joe: Yeah. I don’tknow. What do you think, Nick?
nick_u: I’m not sure.
joe: He
nick: He wasn’t gonnahelp you on this one. Joe, [00:37:00] knows I’mright. He sticks with the nick because
geo: ’cause. Thewhole idea of being invisible is that you’re still there, but people don’t seeyou. If you are just suddenly not there, then how is that?
joe: If you if when Suestorm goes invisible, she generates this force field, what if it’s aninterdimensional force field?
What if she goes away,
geo: Then she’ll missout on some important information.
joe: Maybe she can hearit.
geo: she won’t be agood spy. Maybe
joe: she can hear theinformation. Still
nick: from adifferent German dimension.
geo: a different what
nick: dimension?
joe: Okay, I’ll skipit. So 87 you had Ghost
nick: Unrevealed
joe: ID and Iron Man.Two 19 Marvel.
That was quantum stealth tech. So yeah, you guys have shut
nick: Oh, was
nick_u: MilesMorales, and I didn’t know how that’s modern though.
joe: Yeah. Yep.
nick_u: My MilesMorales shirt right now.
nick: Hell
joe: Yep. Yeah, he did.Yeah. Like a bio bioelectric. Camouflage. Was that his, [00:38:00] that was how he went invisible, right? Yeah. Yeah.
nick_u: Yeah. And Iwonder are there actual spiders that can do that? And that’s where they got theidea.
Dennis got the idea.
joe: I, I don’t know ifthere’s, there may be spiders that can camouflage themselves that wouldn’t beout the realm. That’s like the
geo: bet there
joe: cephalopods, thechameleon itself. Like they can blend in so
geo: And spiders arerelated to,
joe: They are related.
But I don’t know, I don’t know any off the top of my head thatdo that, but it wouldn’t surprise me if there were,
geo: like I
joe: I said, I blendinginto your environment as a chameleon or as the CE epha pods do. I think that’s
That’s within the realm of,
geo: The most
joe: critical, right?
Yes.
geo: It’s like theguy in guardian guardians of the galaxy.
joe: Oh Drax. I’m gonnamove so slow.
nick_u: Yeah,
geo: I
nick: He learned thatfrom Gru
geo: That’s so good.
nick_u: invisible to.
joe: Yeah. Yeah,exactly.
nick: I’m standing.So still.
geo: Was
joe: I eating the Znuts or [00:39:00] zar nuts?
geo: z nuts?
joe: Yeah. Then therewas a whole bunch of like
nick: cool characters
joe: I’ve found throughcomics that have these things and we can, I don’t know, split hairs if it’s, ifquantum. Dimensional traveling to, to disappear is becoming invisible or not?
nick: I feel likethat one is a stretch.
geo: Ooh. Good pun
joe: All right, Mr.Fantastic.
nick: But yeah I feellike to be invisible, you have to be still present in this dimension.
joe: So you can’t be ina different dimension.
nick: No,
geo: put that outthere. So anyone listening to this weigh in on that.
nick_u: Yeah. Yeah,that does sound accurate. If you’re still here, you’re just invisible. You’rein this.
geo: I think it, it’sa different definition,
joe: but you could be,you could beat us in super position, right? You could be in both states. So you
geo: oh, now you’retrying to change it. It could be
joe: in this otherdimensional space, right? So you are still present, but you’re not Well,
nick: but going backto the spot, he’s not, unless he has another portal there, which he still [00:40:00] visible.
joe: Yeah I’m, okay,I’ll give you the spot one. But all the other ones I’m going to,
nick: I wasn’tpushing back on any other one, but the
joe: The spot. So I hadnight crawler also. But that’s the same, you’re, you’re probably gonnadisappearing,
geo: But
nick: thendisappearing
joe: is becominginvisible.
nick: That’steleportation. No,
geo: but then you’renot there once you disappear.
You’re not there even if you reappear super fast.
joe: But you are, he isthere, right? I don’t
geo: gosh. Okay. All
joe: Yeah. No.
nick: That’steleportation. We’ve already covered this,
joe: but we didn’t saythey could become invisible with it, right?
You guys are a hundred percent hand waving on now I gotta makethese yeah.
nick_u: Yeah. Yeah. Ifeel like if you can split yourself and we’re, you’re also in anotherdimension, a whole other power,
joe: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah,early fiction the Invisible Man by HG Wells, the 1897
geo: an accident gonewrong? Yeah, that was the same as The Hollow Man.
joe: Yeah. Hollow Man.Yeah. And then Topper’s Ghosts. So we had this, the ghost that was once again [00:41:00] came up and
geo: Topper’s Ghost,are you talking about like Carrie
joe: 1937, the film?
geo: Yeah. Oh my God,I’m so impressed.
I love Topper. I love
joe: The InvisibleAgent film 1942. Yeah, that, and then in the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen,there was a,
nick_u: Nice.
nick: the invisible
joe: man, right? Yeah.So it was the Invisible man.
nick: I wonder whyinvisibility did become as well known as it is, like beyond like superherorealms.
It’s also in the scientific realm where it’s oh, if they weretrying to go with an experiment to do this why? What was the purpose for thatthen?
joe: You mean
geo: I’m not sure Iunderstand what
nick: mean. Yeah.Like why were they trying to go invisible?
joe: You mean in reallife or in the,
nick: in, I thinksome of it’s in like the Invisible Man or hollow man.
joe: I think he wasdoing it just to do it right. And I think it had practical kind of tech imple,you could sell us to, [00:42:00] industries
nick: but it wasn’ttech. It wa it was experimenting. Yeah.
nick_u: the madscientists with a precursor to the. Tech, the Mad Tech guy.
joe: You can imagineThat was in 18, 18 96, 7. That’s,
geo: I think
joe: Not buildingIronman suits.
geo: I think thedesire to be able to be somewhere without being seen, I think that’s somethingthat probably like people have always wanted to do,
nick: That’s becauseit’s creepy
joe: to be present
geo: But also to belike, you find out a lot of stuff.
Yeah.
joe: Or situationallyyou may wanna be, not seen and that’s an invisible man, the novel. That’s
geo: you said, alwayssay I want oh, I would’ve liked to been a fly on the wall. Because people don’tpay attention to the flies on the wall unless there’s a lot of ’em.
Then they do.
joe: Yeah. Yeah. Idunno where we’re headed today.
nick: I get veryannoyed if there’s a fly in the room.
geo: I really dislikeflies.
joe: But the invisibleman, the novel. That was what it was about being invisible in society and.
There. So I think becoming invisible [00:43:00]can have both as a power where you can spy on people.
Creep on people.
geo: Like we weretalking about the women, women not being taken seriously and then sneaking upon you.
joe: What are yousaying, Nick? Oh,
nick_u: yeah. And the2020 Visible Man was essentially about gaslighting where he an abuse tacticwhere make making everyone think she’s crazy when, ’cause no one’s believingher, that he turned himself invisible and that these things,
joe: Yeah.
nick: As I said, itgoes back to being creepy.
joe: Yeah.
nick_u: right?
nick: I think
joe: you also just go,I think in a lot of these they were playing off the mad scientist trope, butthen also just losing your mind. ’cause now you are invisible right now, nomatter how cool that power is, no one can see you.
You could be in a space
nick: but
joe: seen. That’salmost
nick: it does havethat social commentary where there are people that do just feel invisiblebecause of X, Y, and Z where they exist. But no one like the ghost Taxi or itwas Ghost.
nick_u: Oh, Cyrus [00:44:00] Perkins in the haunted taxi camp. It’s a,yeah, it’s a horror comic from the, about 10 years ago.
nick: I haven’t readit, but it did catch my interest already.
geo: know. I justlove the title. Yeah.
joe: Yeah. That’s cool.We’ll throw that in the show notes.
nick: just to seewhere that goes, because I don’t know if you can. Comment on this, but what isthe general social commentary for that? ’cause it feels like it’s just a driverthat just everyone ignores.
nick_u: Yeah, I thinkthat’s act. It was been some time since I’ve read it, but I read it when it wasnew and I think it was about 10 years ago, 2015 ish. It, it was definitelysaying something about class I remember that much where, people, like peoplejust don’t pay attention to the taxi driver.
It’s like he is invisible, and they’ll just say whatever theywant in front of a taxi driver,
nick: yeah. And thatmakes extreme sense.
joe: Yeah. And just foreveryone out there, don’t know, that was Ralph Ellison, his novel I wasreferencing
geo: and it hadreally nothing to do with
joe: to do with beingphysically
geo: Invisible Man isvery [00:45:00] different
nick: than the
joe: Yes. HG Invisibleman. So I wanted to make sure the commentary was there that the Ralph Ellison’sbook was a social commentary about being black in America.
And being invisible.
geo: it was in, andit’s so timely. And it was written in the forties, but
joe: yep. Yeah. Let’s,good read, put it in show notes. Cool.
nick: so Nick who isyour favorite invisible person?
nick_u: That’s a goodquestion. As far as superheroes, I guess would be Miles Morales love the 2020Invisible Mad movie that, that guy’s so creepy.
joe: Yeah. Yeah.
nick: I feel likethere’s a good reason why there aren’t that many men who are invisible.
joe: It’s probably,yes.
nick: At least Milesis a genuine person where it’s okay, I can trust this character with thispower.
nick_u: right.
nick: Any other onesyou’re like, ah, let’s not,
nick_u: and that’sthe whole thing with great power
joe: Yeah. Exactly.Yes.
nick_u: bad thingswith this power. Or you can do horrible things
joe: right?
nick_u: [00:46:00] I’ll, excuse me. You can do good thingswith the power. You can make the world a better place or you can do horriblethings with it and self selfish things with it.
joe: Yeah. That’s oneof the special things with Sue is that she can control the invisibility.Because a lot of folks, you, you’re either invisible all the time and there isno coming back.
So like the invisible man, he was just invisible and then hehad to live with that state for the rest, for the rest of his life and docreepy stuff. Then you just start,
If you’re like, I’m just be invisible, why not? Why not creepout? I don’t know.
nick: Why not creepout Joe? Oh, no.
geo: Okay. Okay.Nick, what’s your favorite?
nick: Oh, so I thinkit’s a, it’s probably a tie between Sue and Miles because both of them havesuch a strong personality.
joe: Yeah.
nick: And both usetheir powers in different ways. And their range of powers goes to two endswhere miles is very much more contained.
Where Sue. [00:47:00] Does havemore of a ability to blend others as well and other objects. So it’s like
joe: Protective role,right? Yeah. So she has that
nick: a veryprotective, motherly figure.
joe: Yes. That she cando that, use her powers, Georgia.
geo: Yeah. Since,like I said, I’m not super familiar with Sue.
I would,
I look forward to finding out more about her.
I don’t know if I really have a favorite invisible character.Yeah. ’cause the jet, that’s not a person. Jet, I
joe: but Jet, I knewyou were gonna say that. Jet Georgia
nick: No. And
geo: and I would sayKevin Bacon’s character, but that actually, to be honest, is not one of myfavorite Kevin Bacon
joe: Yeah. The HollowMan.
geo: You know what Imean?
yeah, it’s tough to,
nick: I’m shocked
that you didn’t go violet.
You,
geo: I actually, Iwas just gonna say
joe: yeah. Violet.Violet par.
geo: and the Yeah.
joe: Yep. From theIncredibles. Yeah, that’s a good one.
geo: that is a goodone.[00:48:00]
joe: And yeah I I’mwould go with Tiger from the Thundercats 85. That’s, that was,
nick: that was
joe: was right. Thatwas right in my wheelhouse there.
So I’m gonna do it. That was. I love me some Thundercats.
geo: How could younot like someone named Tigris?
joe: tig.
geo: Oh, sorry.
joe: But you’re right.Tigris
nick: want to takethat again? Georgia?
geo: I like Tigressand I like tiger.
joe: Maybe a quickquestion for everyone. Would you want the power of in. Invisibility and maybeto make it a little more difficult, you’re stuck with it.
You, you are invisible or you’re not you get to pick.
nick: Nick, you wannastart off?
nick_u: I think Iwould like the power if I could turn it
joe: Yeah. Yeah.
nick_u: but I.
geo: Yeah. I agree. Iwouldn’t want it if I could’ve turned it off.
nick: I know Inormally go with yes for most of these, but I’m gonna go back to being theinvisibility power gets creepy with guys, and
joe: Yeah. You don’tthink you could control, you don’t think you would serve restraint.[00:49:00]
nick: I like to fuckwith people. This would just enhance that ability.
geo: Then, but youwould enjoy it.
nick: It wouldn’t befor anything good.
geo: Okay.
joe: Yeah. Okay. Yeah
nick_u: I feel likeit’s power could used to expose powerful people or the corrupt very easily, ordo behind closed.
nick: exactly.
joe: Yeah.
nick: but thenthere’s the element of I can really make this person. You start gaslightingbillionaires
joe: and that’s stillit becomes a slippery slope. Because that’s when you get on it. You might bedoing something in your head. As Nick pointed out, like most good villains,they feel just in their actions that they’re doing it for the right reason.
nick: And
joe: if you write, ifit’s a good storytelling and well written, you go, you know what they do have apoint. I think they’re going about the wrong way,
nick: all right. Yousold me. I can keep this job as a podcaster.
joe: Yeah.
geo: And in a waywe’re, we are invisible.
nick: Our liveperformances just could be me recorded.
joe: Yeah, that’sright.
nick: here? Yeah, I’mright here.
joe: Nick at?
nick: Just
[00:50:00] behind the curtain,I promise. What about you, Joe? You taking the power?
joe: Yeah. I
think I’m a pass, I’m gonna pass on this one. I think if Icould, I threw that little disclaimer in ’cause if I could control it.
I would do that, but I’d eat a lot of Big Macs. So
nick: do you neverdid go over like I, is it calorie count for being able to
joe: so yeah. I don’t,speculating out what you would have to do to generate and bend light, are youcountering energy? What’s the role of that?
You probably are gonna be burning some galleries to throw forcefields over other people or yourself, or to make weapons. And if you’redimensionally traveling, that also is, gonna cost some,
nick: no one was, noone brought that one up.
joe: We did bring itup. It was there, it works. Yeah. So
nick: I didn’t knowif that would be more of a mind thing over like a physical
joe: We had, we touchedon a couple different ways. One could. Get to invisible. One was mind control,like the shadow in the
geo: and then, so if
nick: Controlling [00:51:00] the force field with your mind. Yeah.
joe: We didn’t talkabout some of that.
I think to, to go invisible and then come back, you probablyare gonna have to have some neural reworking. You might have a new layer ofskin. You might actually have to physically have all this ’cause your reactiontime has to be fast in a control ad.
You’re now controlling almost another sense in some ways to goinvisible. So you’re right. I think, from a, from some level, I think it’s I’msurprised people haven’t, I guess they were just bombarding themselves withcosmic rays trying to recreate invisibility or get that what genes were turnedon or off.
nick: So now I have aquestion. Is for the invisible man, is he just not smart enough to turn it off?Yeah, I don’t,
joe: yeah I, go ahead
geo: but I think.
nick_u: I don’t thinkthat what, that’s what
joe: Yeah. I don’tthink it was about him not being
geo: I think itdepends on the mechanism. I think if it’s the force field mechanism, you’reable to turn it off Do you know what I mean? I don’t [00:52:00]that’s,
joe: I’m
nick: like, is itjust that part of your brain that you’re not like. Focusing on. See,
geo: I don’t thinkit’s a part of your brain. I don’t know.
joe: I think I thinkthat’s, that was a, that point about is it genetically viable? Because I thinkin the Invisible Man story where it got turned on, he drank some sort of potionor a compound that then remove pigmentation like that was, he wasn’t generatinga force field.
He was going more the way. The cephalopods would do it, orchameleons, like they, he was actually trying to modify the refractive index ofhis body to have light pass through without being seen or Ben. So
geo: That makes itperfectly clear.
nick: Yeah.
joe: yeah. Yeah.
nick: Crystal. Allright. Nick you want to go ahead and run through your plugs for us one moretime?
nick_u: Sure. Yeah, Iam. I’m Nick. I am [00:53:00] currently writingabout books on Substack, starving author.substack.com. I have a horror novelcalled Massacre at the comic Shop. And I’ve written two books of poetry as wellAmerican Bug and as the Moonlight Shines. And and I also wrote about comic booksfor comic book resources.
You can check those reviews out. Oh, I’m no longer at thecompany. The thing that I really want people to check out is my substack, whichwhere I’ll be updating on the first and third Friday of every month. And notjust writing comic book reviews, but also reporting on comic book news,especially any indie comic books that I don’t see.
Any of the websites talking about I’ll, I might occasionallywrite an article about that.
geo: Nice.
nick: Very cool. Arethere any specific articles you want people to check out?
nick_u: For comicbook resources, I wrote an article titled a Action Comics Number one is one ofthe greatest works of anti-fascist art ever made where I write about and it’sconsidering that Superman movies coming out soon. You should definitely checkthat out.
nick: hell yeah.
nick_u: I in theoriginal [00:54:00] action comics, the firstappearance of Superman and widely considered to be the first superhero comicbook, not necessarily the first superhero story, but, or even the firstsuperhero comic, but comic book and where Superman, beat up a domestic abuser, gotan innocent woman off death row.
And and went after a lobbyists. And that was the originalSuperman and how it was created by two Jews in the 1930s during, the rise ofAdolf Hitler and global antisemitism and and how there were a lot of Jewishrefugees at the time and people didn’t accept refugees. It was the union polls,actually, if you compare it to I’m getting, I’m just diving into the wholearticle right now, but it’s
nick: Yeah. Yeah.
nick_u: But if youactually compare it to opinion polls in the 1930s, the attitude towards Jewishrefugees 1930s were significantly worse than the attitude towards Muslimrefugees today, believe it or not people.
In America hated them. And and I don’t think it was acoincidence that when they wrote [00:55:00]Superman, they made him a refugee. And I view it as statement of solidarityagainst other people that have, were being mistreated by society. And and it’s,again, the article settled Action Comics number one is one of the greatestworks of anti-fascist art ever made.
joe: Nice. cool. Yeah.Cool, cool. We’ll have that in the show notes for people to check out. Yep.
right. On that note let’s wind it down. You got me, Joe, here,you got Nick.
nick_u: How’s it?
joe: Gotcha. We
geo: Nick, we haven’tgot,
nick: And we got Nick
joe: we got anotherNick. And we have Georgia.
geo: Bye. See youlater.
nick: Thanks again,Nick, for joining
joe: Thank you. Thankyou.
nick: And
we went down an invisible hole. I
geo: I can’t seeanything.
joe: stay visible outthere. Stay safe.
Love y’all.